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HEART CODE(BSL) 2024 - 2025 EXAM. QUESTION AND ANSWERS (UPDATED 2024\ 2025
100%CORRECT )
emphasis on high-quality CPR compression rate of at least ___ per minute.
100
depth of compressions for children to adult
2 inches
depth of compression for infants
1/3 of anterior/posterior diameter of chest. 1 1/2"
compressions should be started what time limit?
10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
what are the signs of cardiac arrest?
victim is unresponsive/not breathing/ineffective breathing
time frame to start cpr once suspect of cardia arrest?
10 seconds.
you should take no longer than___ seconds to check for a _______.
10, pulse
what is the first rescuer to do upon arriving at the scene?
check for safety.
lone rescuer compression-ventilation ratio of _________ to ___________.
30 compressions to 2 ventilations
explain hand placement for chest compressions
the heel of on hand should be placed on the center of the chest on the lower half of the breastbone.
when compressions are of the appropriate depth it creates___ ____ to the body.
blood flow
_____ allows the heart to refill with blood and is necessary for chest compressions to create blood flow
chest recoil
do not move the victim while CPR is in progress unless the victim is in a ________ ________.
dangerous environment
the ____ ______ ventilation technique is not recommended for a lone rescuer during CPR
bag mask
avoiding excessive ventilation also avoids _____ _____.
gastric inflation
during 2 rescuer adult CPR, rescuers switch duties after __ cycles. (or 2 minutes)
5
the second rescuer's' job is to _________ an open airway and to five _____.
maintain, breaths
what is the first step when using an AED after the victim is secured?
turn it on.
the AED will _____ shock, charges itself, prompts that everyone is clear and prompts rescuers to press ___ _____ ____.
advise, the shock button
resucers immediately resume CPR with chest compression if ___ ___ _ ___ or after a shock is delivered.
no shock is needed
compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR is __ compression to __ breaths.
15:
compression to breath ratio for lone rescuer child CPR is __ compressions to __ breaths.
30:
an infant;s central pulse (located at the brachial artery) you must palpate the ___ of the upper arm between the ___ and the ____.
inside, elbow, shoulder
depth of compression for the infant is ___the depth of chest or ___ inches. or __cm.
1/3, 1 1/2", or 4cm
what compression technique should be used for 2 rescuer infant CPR?
2 thumb compressions with hands encircling chest
effective rescue breathing is assessed by
recognition: of cardiac arrest
activation: of emergency response system
CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation w/emphasis on chest compressions
defribrillation: rapid
advanced life support: ambulance etc.
post-cardiac arrest care
explain the pediatric chain of survival
prevention: of arrest
bystander CPR: early high quality bystander CPR
activation: rapid activation of the EMS
advanced life support: abulance etc.
post-cardiac arrest care
6 steps of critical concepts
start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
push hard and fast: compress at rate of 100/min.
depth of at least 2" (5cm) for child/adult 1 1/2 (4cm) for infants
allow complete chest recoil
limit compression interruptions to less than 10 seconds
explain sequence
chest compression
airway
breathing
C-A-B
explain the continued de-emphasis of the pulse check
if the victim is unresponsive, not breathing, or only gasping, healthcare providers may take up to 10 seconds to attempt to feel for a pulse (brachial for infant, carotid or femoral for child)
then if you don't find it start chest compressions
AED for infants
not recommended. use manual defribulator. if one not available use AED pediatric dose attenuator, otherwise use AED without pediatric as last resort.
C-A-B-D
Chest compressions
airway
breathing
defibrillation
4 steps BLS
assess: palpate carotid
activate: EMS, get AED
check pulse
10 sec. rule: C-A-B sequence
chest compression technique
put heel of one hand on the center of the victim's chest on the lower half of the breastbone
deliver compressions at a rate of
100/min.
chest recoils allows for what function?
blood to flow into the heart and is necessary for chest compressions to create blood flow. these compressions recoils should be equal
try to place victim onto a _____ surface if it is safe to move him
hard
moving victim only when necessary like if they are
in a dangerous environment ( such as burning vehicle)
if you can not perform CPR effectively in the position or location he is currently in
mouth to mask breaths
lone rescuer is at the victims side to perform compressions and breath. tilt chin lift deliver breath for over 1 second until chest rises
single rescuer 30:2 x 5 cycles 2 fingers centered below the nipple line. compressions of 4cm (1 1/2" deep) 100/min.
if pulse <
infant BLS : 2 thumb encircling technique
this is a 2 rescuer chest compression for infants on lower half of the breast bone. 15:2 use head-tilt chin lift method
switch roles every 2 minutes or 5 cycles.
advanced airway
compressions 100/min without pauses for breaths
1 breath every 6-8 seconds 8-10 breath/min. no breaks on chest compressions!
breaths to quickly or too much force can cause
air to enter the stomach causing gastric inflation
what method of air if no bag is available for child CPR
mouth to mouth and nose head tilt-chin lift keep the airway open.
what method is used when a victim has a pulse but not breathing
rescuers should give breaths without compressions
adults: every 5-6 seconds:10-12/min.
infants and children: every 3-5 seconds 12-20/min.
choking victim
activate EMS
lower the victim to the ground begin CPR starting with compressions.C-A-B sequence.
DO NOT CHECK FOR PULSE.
check airway for object.
choking in a RESPONSIVE infant
kneel or sit with infant in your lap.lay across your forearm faced down 5 back slaps flip faced up and do 5 chest compressions
When they are available, the rescuer should use child pads with a pediatric dose attenuator for infants and children less than 8 years of age.
True or False?
True
Adult AED pads should never be used on an infant.
True or False?
False
Adult AED pads may be used on an infant if pediatric pads with a dose attenuator or manual defibrillator is not available
Adult AED pads deliver a higher shock dose, but a higher shock dose is preferred to no shock for infants and children less than 8 years of age.
True or False?
True
Although adult pads deliver a higher shock dose, a higher shock dose rather than no shock is preferred for infants and children less than 8 years of age.
It is acceptable for AED pads to touch or overlap each other when applied to the victim's bare chest.
True or False
False
It is important to place the AED pads so that they do not touch or overlap each other.
Your adult friend suddenly collapses at home, and you determine that he needs CPR. You begin CPR, starting with chest compressions, and are about to deliver breaths by using the mouth-to-mouth technique. You open your friend's airway with a head tilt-chin lift. Which action should you do next?
Pinch the nose closed and seal your lips around his mouth before delivering a breath
To deliver mouth-to-mouth breaths, after opening the victim's airway with a head tilt-chin lift, pinch the nose closed with the thumb and index finger. Next, take a regular (not deep) breath, and seal the lips around the victim's mouth, creating an airtight seal. Then deliver 1 breath over 1 second, watching for the chest to rise.
An infant is unresponsive and not breathing but has a strong pulse. Emergency medical services has been notified. There is no barrier device readily available. When attempting to deliver breaths by using the mouth- to-mouth-and-nose technique, the rescuer notices that the chest does not rise. What would be the most appropriate next step?
Repeat the head tilt-chin lift and try to give a breath that makes the chest rise
For a suspected opioid-associated life-threatening emergency in a victim who is unresponsive and not breathing normally but does have a pulse, the rescuer should give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds in an adult, and every 3 to 5 seconds in a child or infant. Then, if local protocol allows, the rescuer may give naloxone. But the rescuer should not delay breaths to give naloxone.
A rescuer has determined that the victim suspected of having an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency is unresponsive, is not breathing normally, and has no pulse. Which action should the rescuer do next?
Provide high-quality CPR and use the AED as soon as it is available
For a suspected opioid-associated life-threatening emergency in a victim who is unresponsive, is not breathing normally, and has no pulse, the rescuer should provide high-quality CPR and use the AED as soon as it is available. Then, if local protocol allows, the rescuer may give naloxone after starting CPR.
When delivering back slaps to an infant who is choking, the rescuer should use the heel of the hand and forcefully deliver the slap between the infant's shoulder blades
True or False?
True
The rescuer should deliver up to 5 back slaps forcefully between the infant's shoulder blades, using the heel of the hand, delivering each slap with enough force to attempt to remove the obstruction. For choking relief in an infant, the sequence of up to 5 back slaps and up to 5 chest thrusts is repeated until the object is removed or the infant becomes unresponsive.
In an infant who is choking, chest thrusts are delivered in the middle of the chest, over the upper half of the breastbone.
True or False?
False
While keeping the infant's head lower than the chest, the rescuer should deliver up to 5 quick, downward chest thrusts in the same location as for chest compressions, just below the nipple line, over the lower half of the breastbone. For choking relief in an infant, the sequence of up to 5 back slaps and up to 5 chest thrusts is repeated until the object is removed or the infant becomes unresponsive.
