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CPR

UPDATES

KRIZIA SACAY

EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

STAFF NURSE

OVERVIEW

Your breathing and heartbeat can stop for a number of reasons, from heart attack to blood infections to accidents. However, death does not have to be the outcome. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, known as CPR, was developed to help increase your chances of survival.

COMPARISON NEW OLD

NEW CPR GUIDELINES

➢ The American Heart Association have recently changed the guidelines that are used for CPR assistance. ➢ The guidelines recommend that the three steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) be rearranged. ➢ The new first step is doing chest compressions instead of first establishing the airway and then doing mouth to mouth. The new guidelines apply to adults, children, and infants but exclude newborns.

NEW CPR GUIDELINES

CPR Sequence It is true that the sequence of BLS steps has changed from A-B-C to C-A-B. However for ACLS in-hospital providers, the AHA states that, “it is reasonable for healthcare providers to tailor the sequence of rescue actions to the most likely cause of arrest.”

NEW CPR GUIDELINES

Team Delegation Emphasized Improved outcomes for ACLS are expected when ACLS is performed by an integrated team of highly trained rescuers. Having a team of highly trained rescuers allows for efficient management of the many tasks performed by healthcare providers during a resuscitation attempt. Thus, training should focus on building the team as each member arrives or quickly delegating roles when multiple rescuers are present.

Encourage Hands Only

NEW CPR GUIDELINES

How to Do the New CPR Here is a step-by-step guide for the new CPR:

1. Call 911 or ask someone else to do so.
2. Try to get the person to respond; if he doesn’t, roll the person on his or her back.
3. Start chest compressions. Place the heel of your hand on the center of the victim’s chest. Put your other hand on top of the first with your fingers interlaced.
4. Press down so you compress the chest at least 2 inches in adults and children and 1.5 inches in infants. ”One hundred times a minute or even a little faster is optimal,” Sayre says. (That’s about the same rhythm as the beat of the Bee Gee’s song “Stayin’ Alive.”)

SET BY THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION Drugs Used in Advanced Cardiac Life Support

OVERVIEW

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes several interventions in order to keep a patient alive who is having a dangerous or potentially fatal heart rhythm. Many of those interventions include drugs that are given both in the pre- hospital setting and in the emergency room. ACLS drugs are meant to keep patients alive, as well as protect heart function for later interventions. ACLS drug protocols are set by the American Heart Association, and reviewed every few years as new research appears. All emergency room nurses and doctors, as well as most paramedics, are required to learn and keep up with ACLS protocols.

DRUGS USED IN ACLS

ACLS Drugs in the Emergency Room Know that when a patient requiring Advanced Cardiac Life Support arrives at the emergency room, he may receive other drugs that are not carried on ambulances due to cost or storage issues. They include ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers for blood pressure, amiodarone or digoxin for fatal heart rhythms, drugs that bust up clots in the heart, blood thinners to prevent further clogging of heart arteries and several other ACLS drugs.

DRUGS USED IN ACLS

Other ACLS Protocols In addition to drugs used in Advanced Cardiac Life Support, the American Heart Association also has guidelines for other treatments for people in potentially fatal heart rhythms, including when to shock the heart, how to give effective CPR and how to recognize potentially fatal heart problems in children.