Cranial Nerve

Major Functions

Assessment

Cranial Nerve

Olfactory

Sensory

Smell

Smell—coffee, cloves, peppermint

Cranial Nerve

Optic

Sensory

Vision

Visual acuity—Snellen chart

(cover eye not being examined)

Test for visual fields

Examine with ophthalmoscope

Cranial Nerve

III

Oculomotor

Sensory and

Motor –

Primarily Motor

Eyelid and eyeball

movement

Move eye up, down, and peripherally

Test for accommodation

Pupillary constriction

Observe for ptosis of upper eyelid

Cranial Nerve

Trochlear

Sensory and

Motor –

Primarily Motor

Innervates superior

oblique eye muscle

Turns eye downward

and laterally

Inferior lateral movement of the eye

Cranial Nerve

Trigeminal

Sensory and

Motor

Chewing

Face and mouth

touch and pain

Corneal reflex

Sensation of skin of the face

(eyebrow,

cheeks and chin) by using a wisp of

cotton

Chewing, biting, lateral jaw

movements

(move jaw side to side)

Cranial Nerve

Abducens

Sensory and

Motor –

Primarily Motor

Turns eye laterally

Proprioception

(sensory awareness

of part of the body)

Inferior lateral eye movements

Cranial Nerve

VII

Facial

Sensory and

Motor

Controls most facial

expressions

Secretion of ears and

saliva

Taste—anterior two thirds of tongue;

sweet—sugar; salty; sour—lemon;

bitter

(rinse mouth between applications)

Movement of forehead and mouth

Raise eyebrows, show teeth, smile,

and puff out cheeks

Cranial Nerve

VIII

Vestibulocochlear

(auditory)

Sensory

Hearing

Equilibrium sensation

Hearing, balance

Weber and Rinne tests

Otoscope

Cranial Nerve

Glossopharyngeal

Sensory and

Motor

Taste

Senses carotid blood

pressure

Muscle sense –

proprioception,

sensory awareness of

the body

Swallowing and phonation

Taste—posterior one third of tongue;

see cranial nerve VII

Cranial Nerve

Vagus

Sensory and

Motor

Senses aortic blood

pressure

Slows heart rate

Stimulates digestive

organs

Taste

Sensations of posterior one third of

tongue, throat.

Gag reflex (stimulate back of

pharynx with a tongue blade)

Swallowing and phonation

Cranial Nerve

Spinal Accessory

Sensory and

Motor –

Primarily Motor

Controls trapezius

and

sternocleidomastoid

controls swallowing

movements

Muscle sense -

proprioception

Shoulder movement, shoulder shrug,

head rotation—push against

examiner’s hand

Cranial Nerve

XII

Hypoglossal

Sensory and

Motor –

Primarily Motor

Controls tongue

movements

Muscle sense -

proprioception

Tongue movement—protrude

tongue,

push tongue into the cheek

(Berman, Snyder, Kozier & Erb, 2008; Jarvis, 2008).

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Cranial Nerve Major Functions Assessment

Cranial Nerve I Olfactory Sensory Smell Smell—coffee, cloves, peppermint Cranial Nerve II Optic Sensory Vision Visual acuity—Snellen chart (cover eye not being examined) Test for visual fields Examine with ophthalmoscope Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor Sensory and Motor – Primarily Motor Eyelid and eyeball movement Move eye up, down, and peripherally Test for accommodation Pupillary constriction Observe for ptosis of upper eyelid Cranial Nerve IV Trochlear Sensory and Motor – Primarily Motor Innervates superior oblique eye muscle Turns eye downward and laterally Inferior lateral movement of the eye Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal Sensory and Motor Chewing Face and mouth touch and pain Corneal reflex Sensation of skin of the face (eyebrow, cheeks and chin) by using a wisp of cotton Chewing, biting, lateral jaw movements (move jaw side to side) Cranial Nerve VI Abducens Sensory and Motor – Primarily Motor Turns eye laterally Proprioception (sensory awareness of part of the body) Inferior lateral eye movements Cranial Nerve VII Facial Sensory and Motor Controls most facial expressions Secretion of ears and saliva Taste—anterior two thirds of tongue; sweet—sugar; salty; sour—lemon; bitter (rinse mouth between applications) Movement of forehead and mouth Raise eyebrows, show teeth, smile, and puff out cheeks Cranial Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear (auditory) Sensory Hearing Equilibrium sensation Hearing, balance Weber and Rinne tests Otoscope Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal Sensory and Motor Taste Senses carotid blood pressure Muscle sense – proprioception, sensory awareness of the body Swallowing and phonation Taste—posterior one third of tongue; see cranial nerve VII Cranial Nerve X Vagus^ Sensory and Motor Senses aortic blood pressure Slows heart rate Stimulates digestive organs Taste Sensations of posterior one third of tongue, throat. Gag reflex (stimulate back of pharynx with a tongue blade) Swallowing and phonation Cranial Nerve XI Spinal Accessory Sensory and Motor – Primarily Motor Controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid controls swallowing movements Muscle sense - proprioception Shoulder movement, shoulder shrug, head rotation—push against examiner’s hand Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal Sensory and Motor – Primarily Motor Controls tongue movements Muscle sense - proprioception Tongue movement—protrude tongue, push tongue into the cheek (Berman, Snyder, Kozier & Erb, 2008; Jarvis, 2008).

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Cranial Nerve Major Functions Assessment