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A comprehensive q&a format covering key aspects of crime scene investigation. it delves into the roles of first responders, evidence handling procedures, forensic techniques, and legal considerations. The questions and answers are designed to enhance understanding of crucial concepts in criminalistics and forensic science, making it a valuable resource for students.
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The duty of the first responder is to:
secure the scene and not touch anything
The first encountered location where evidence was located.
primary crime scene
Which skills are required for a CSI?
ALL THE ABOVE
What kind of evidence can establish the identity of a person associated with a crime?
physical evidence
Before any evidence is seized, the investigator must decide if:
case law is pertinent, a search warrant is required, a court order is required
What does a criminalist do?
analyze and interpret submitted evidence
What are positive outcomes of the CSI effect?
increased public awareness and funding, created interest
How do most people learn about the law?
media
What kind of evidence is expected from jurors more often?
scientific evidence
With the CSI Effect, who has a harder case to prove?
prosecution
What is the primary duty of the first responder?
to preserve life
A good officer should have what characteristics?
physically strong and mentally awake
Police and emergency personnel should only access what area?
second level of containment
What should you do when handling firearm evidence?
note the position of the weapon
What are signs that the victim is deceased?
ALL THE ABOVE
What are detectives responsible for?
conducting the overall investigative efforts associated with the scene
Level A for PPE contains...
the greatest risk of exposure to potentially dangerous life-threatening biological hazards
What fluids contain traces of blood?
ALL THE ABOVE
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment
How many PPE levels are there?
4
What is NOT a common pathogen?
Flu
Which search is usually used in an area that is already broken up?
zone search
What is the preferred packaging?
paper
What type of mapping is the most accurate?
triangulation mapping
A final sketch should include...
ALL THE ABOVE
A final sketch will not...
show all measurements and distances recorded in the rough sketch
What information should be found in a photo log?
photo equipment used, shutter speed, ISO used
The Valentine's Day Massacre was the root for which lab?
Chicago lab
What year did the FBI lab open?
1932
What types of evidence are now a part of the FBI lab?
trace evidence, handwriting comparison
Any evidence of an unknown origin or identification
questioned evidence
How many full service labs does Wisconsin have?
2
Which personnel are not typically involved in the investigation?
What is the most common type of fingerprint pattern?
loop
What types of prints may be found at a crime scene?
plastic, patent, latent prints
What is the most common physical method of processing fingerprints?
powder dusting
ALS will help visualize...
ALL THE ABOVE
What is the largest organ of the body?
skin
A minutia point that splits into two ridges
bifurcation
Fingerprint processing methods are divided into how many sub-classification?
4
the outermost layer, which contains the scaly protective layer that covers the shaft of the hair
cuticle
In a sexual assault case, how many head hairs should be obtained?
50
What hairs are generally best for determining race?
Head hairs
Chain of Custody
The documented and unbroken transfer of evidence.
Direct Evidence
Evidence that (if authentic) supports an alleged fact of a case. (ex. First hand observation)
First Responder
The first safety official to arrive at a crime scene (ex. police officer, firefighting, EMT/Paramedic)
Individual Evidence
a kind of evidence that identifies a particular person or thing (ex. fingerprint, DNA)
paper bindle
a folded paper used to hold trace evidence
Primary Crime Scene
the location where the crime took place.
Secondary Crime Scene
a location other than the primary crime scene but that is related to the crime, where evidence is found.
Trace Evidence
small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene. (ex. pet hair on clothes or rugs, hair on brushes, fingerprints on glass, soil tracked into homes/buildings, drops of blood on shirt, used facial tissue, paint chips, broken glass fragments, fiber from clothing, etc.
Locard's Principle of Exchange
when a person comes into contact with an object or another person, a cross-transfer of physical evidence can occur (Dr. Edmond Locard)
Triangulation
a mathematical method of estimating positions of objects at a location such as a crime scene, given locations of stationary objects.
Crime Scene Investigation Team
Seeing the Scene
Photographing the scene including the overall area and close-up photos of evidence both with and without a measuring ruler.
Sketching the Scene
A crime scene investigator will make an accurate sketch of the crime scene noting the position of the evidence. "North" should be labeled and a distance scale should be provided. All objects, including doors and windows, and furniture should also be included on the sketch.
Searching for Evidence
Search every inch of the crime scene for evidence. ALL evidence should be marked, photographed properly, measured, sketched, labeled and documented.
Securing and Collecting Evidence
All evidence must be properly packaged, sealed, and labeled. Wet evidence goes in a paper bag, dry evidence in either paper or plastic. The bag is then sealed and labeled with the signature of the person collecting it. The bag should be filled out and the evidence logged on a property receipt.
Fingerprint
Still the most frequently used method of identifying criminal suspects.
Forensic Science
The examination, evaluation, and explanation of physical evidence in law.
Criminalistics
one branch of forensic science
Hans Gross
Wrote the first major book describing the use of scientific disciplines in criminal investigations.
Anthropometry and Dactylography
Two major systems for identifying criminals
Anthropometry
Modern Polygraph (lie detector)
records changes in skin resistance (perspiration/sweat), blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing activity (aka "physical autonomic nervous system changes) to determine.
Computer Evidence
The crime scene of the next millennium will involve computer evidence. As a result of this police officers must become better educated, better equipped, and more adaptable.
Physical Evidence
Can provide information on the modus operandi (method of operation in committing a crime), identification of a suspect, and disproving the testimony of a witness. It DOES NOT determine a suspect's guilt.
Modus Operandi
method of operation in committing a crime
Origins of Criminalistics
European
The BASIC steps in Crime Scene Investigation
Preliminary Investigation, reconstructing the crime and/or scene, and continuing the investigation. It does NOT include prosecuting the investigation.
Successful Investigator must possess.....
a working knowledge of social psychology, an extensive knowledge of the law, a powerful imagination, and the ability to think logically (step by step thinking).
One of the most critical requirements for an undercover officer is.....
their ability to cultivate (mold) informants to get information on a crime.
Combined DNA Index System is the largest repository/collection of known offender DNA.
Criminal Profiling
More of an art than a science.
