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Criminal Justice NOCTI Certification Questions with
Correct Answers 2025
Subpoena - Correct Answer a legal document ordering a person to testify in a court of law as a witness Actus Reus - Correct Answer The actual criminal act Mens Rea - Correct Answer legal phrase used to describe the mental state a person must have been in while committing a crime for it to be intentional Loops - Correct Answer the most common fingerprint Chain of Custody - Correct Answer a process used to maintain and document the chronological history of evidence Nolo Contedere - Correct Answer a plea of "no contest" that one could use in court. It means that you are not admitting guilt but you're not denying it either. Use of Force Continuum - Correct Answer 1. Officer Presence, Verbalization, Empty- Hand Control, Less-Lethal, Lethal force Verbalization - Correct Answer Not physical. Officers issue calm, nonthreatening commands.
Empty Hand Control - Correct Answer Officers use bodily force. Soft/Hard techniques Less-Lethal - Correct Answer Officers use different technologies to gain control pepper spray, baton, taser Lethal - Correct Answer Officers use gun/weapons to gain control of a situation. 1st Amendment - Correct Answer Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly (peaceful), and Petition 2nd Amendment - Correct Answer Keep and bear arms 4th Amendment - Correct Answer Illegal search and seizure 5th Admendment - Correct Answer Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and just compensation (eminent domain) 6th Amendment - Correct Answer Speedy and public trial by impartial jury, informed of nature and cause of accusation, confront the witnesses against him, right to an attorney, impartial jury 7th Amendment - Correct Answer Civil Jury Trial
How should dried blood stains be collected and stored? - Correct Answer • On clothing, if possible, wrap the item in clean paper, place the article in a brown paper bag or box and seal and label container. Do not attempt to remove stains from the cloth.
- On small solid objects, send the whole stained object to the Laboratory, after labeling and packaging.
- On large solid objects, cover the stained area with clean paper and seal the edges down with tape to prevent loss or contamination. If impractical to deliver the whole object to the Laboratory, scrape the stain onto a clean piece of paper, which can be folded and placed in an envelope. Do not scrape directly into evidence envelope. Scrape blood from objects using a freshly washed and dried knife or similar tool. Wash and dry the tool before each stain is scraped off. Seal and mark the envelope.
- Do not mix dried stains. Place each stain in a separate envelope.
- Never attempt to wipe dried stains from an object using a moistened cloth or paper. How are autopsy blood samples collected? - Correct Answer Request that pathologist obtain the sample directly from the heart into a yellow (ACD) or purple stoppered vacutainer (some labs request both). In rare cases when no liquid blood is available, ask pathologist to collect a section of liver, bone, and/or deep muscle tissue and freeze for typing. In such cases, proceed also with collection of a secondary standard as described below.
How do you collect blood samples from a live victim? - Correct Answer For typing purposes, have sample drawn into yellow and purple stoppered vacutainers. Note these are distinguished from the BA tubes which have grey stoppers. If the victim is injured to the extent that a transfusion is necessary, make an effort to obtain or begin necessary procedures to obtain the pre-transfusion sample collected by the hospital. These samples are not retained for long periods by the hospital, so it is important to act promptly. Also, make sure that some bloodstained garment worn by the individual has been air dried and frozen to serve as a secondary standard. What is the steps in handling and storage of physiological fluid evidence? - Correct Answer Stains and Controls
- Air dry
- Package in paper
- Freeze Consider special handling of non-absorbent items on (metal or plastic). Any condensation from thawing could disturb or destroy such evidence. Such items should be kept at room temperature and submitted to the lab as soon as possible. Basic rules of blood storage - Correct Answer • Refrigerate, do not freeze standards collected in yellow stoppered vacutainers.
- Submit to the lab as soon as possible.
- Human hair can be compared to determine whether or not two samples could have had a common origin. The value of the Laboratory examinations of such specimens will depend upon the amount of hair recovered and the characteristics found in the examinations.
- Recover all hair present. If possible, use the fingers or tweezers to pick up hair, place in paper bindles or coin envelopes which should then be folded and sealed in larger envelopes. Label the outer sealed envelope.
- If hair is attached, such as in dry blood, or caught in metal or a crack of glass, do not attempt to remove it but rather leave hair intact on the object. If the object is small, mark it, wrap it, and seal it in an envelope. If the object is large, wrap the area containing the hair in paper to prevent loss of hairs during shipment.
- How is hair In rape cases best collected from the suspect, victim, and crime scene? How many samples do you need for comparision (head and pubic), do you cut or pluck them? - Correct Answer the victim's pubic region should be combed prior to collecting standards. Obtain known hair samples from the victim, suspect, or any other possible sources for comparison with unknown specimens. The recommended method for collecting head hairs is to start by having the person from whom they are being collected bend over a large sheet of clean paper, rubbing or massaging their hands through the hair so that loose hair will fall out on the paper. More should then be gathered by plucking them from representative areas all over the head. A total or 50- 100 hairs is desired. Do not cut the hair. This same method may be used to collect hairs from other parts of the body. 30-60 pubic hairs are required. When the person is a
suspect, hair should be gathered from all parts of the body even though there may only be an interest in hair from the head at that particular time. Where is fibers and threads, normally found? - Correct Answer • Such evidence is often found in fabric abrasions or caught in torn materials or other areas on hit-and-run vehicles. In some burglary cases, it may be found caught in torn screens, broken glass, or other locations. If threads or large fibers are found, they can often be picked up how? - Correct Answer with the fingers and placed in a paper bindle, then in a coin envelope, which can be sealed and marked. Never place loose fibers directly into a mailing envelope since they can be lost from this type of envelope. What do you do If the fibers are short or few in number? - Correct Answer if it is possible to do so, wrap the area or the entire item containing the fibers in paper and send the whole exhibit to the Laboratory. Pick up fibers on tape only if ??? - Correct Answer the laboratory in your jurisdiction allows it and gives you its requirements. When fibers or threads are recovered, always send all clothing of persons from which they might have originated to the Laboratory for comparison purposes.
Place small glass fragments in - Correct Answer paper bindles, then in coin envelopes, pill boxes, or film cans which can be marked and completely sealed. Place large glass fragments in - Correct Answer boxes. Separate individual pieces with cotton or tissue to prevent breakage and damaged edges during shipment. Seal and mark the box containing them. Windows: if the window is small / large how is it processed and sent to the lab? - Correct Answer If the broken window is small, send the whole window or all glass remaining to the Laboratory. If the window is large, recover several samples from different areas of the window. If the evidence glass is large enough for physically matching the broken edges or comparing the fracture lines, hackle marks, surface abrasions or contamination, the whole broken window is necessary. Auto Glass - Auto Headlights, collection - Correct Answer All glass remaining in the shell should be recovered. If it is suspected that a new glass has been installed, this should be removed and a careful examination made for small chips remaining in the shell from the previous lens which is broken. In such cases, also submit the new lens to the Laboratory. Headlights and Taillights of Motor Vehicles • As part of the investigation of vehicle accidents, it may be of importance to determine whether or not a headlight or taillight was illuminated at the time the light was broken. What are you looking for and how to
you collect and store it? - Correct Answer • Recovery of the filaments is of primary importance. These are quite small and their location may require a careful search. If recovered, they should be placed in a paper bindle or a small pill box sealed with tape. Whether or not the large filaments are located, all remaining parts of the lamp socket, glass envelope, or sealed beam headlight unit should be wrapped in paper and saved for Laboratory study. Paint evidence is frequently encountered in hit-and run cases, on tools used by burglars, and occasionally in other types of cases. Paint may be transferred to clothing of pedestrian victims. Examine all areas, with particular attention being paid to areas showing pressure glaze, tears, or other contact. If found??? - Correct Answer do not remove the paint, but mark the garment, carefully wrap it by rolling it in paper and send it to the Laboratory.
- Such paint will at least show the color of part of the responsible car. It must be remembered, however, that many modern cars have more than one color and the paint transferred only represents the color of the particular area on the car that made contact with the victims.
- Rarely will an examination of paint transfer on clothing indicate the make and model of the vehicle involved, since only portions of the top oxidized layer on the cars are usually transferred. In addition, many vehicles are repainted using colors and types of paint which may be different from those specified by the automobile manufacturer Burglary Cases
- Never place paint directly into envelopes unless large pieces are enclosed. Most envelopes have unsealed cracks in the corners and loss or contamination can occur. Flammable Fluids: The search for flammable fluids in arson cases should include a thorough examination of the entire fire scene. This should extend to areas where no burning occurs, since flammable fluids may have been placed in other locations where ignition failed. Traces of flammable fluid may be found in - Correct Answer cans at the fire scene in arson cases. Mattresses, rugs, upholstery, wallboard, and other objects at the scene may also contain fluids which can be separated and identified in the Laboratory, even though these objects are partially burned. Wood upon which such fluids have been poured and ignited may still contain detectable traces of the liquid, if the wood has not been completely charred by the fire. Even where a large and hot fire has occurred, traces of such liquid are sometimes found where they have seeped into the ground through cracks in the floor or flowed under baseboards and sills. While most flammable fluids commonly used have characteristic odors, some substances commonly available are almost ??? - Correct Answer almost odorless and quite easily escape detection. These include some alcohols, deodorized kerosene, charcoal lighter fluids, and others.
If volatile liquids are found in open containers??? - Correct Answer pour a small amount of the material into a clean glass vial with an airtight seal so no loss will occur. Do not use any rubber-lined lids or plastic containers. Firearms Never submit a loaded gun to the Laboratory, unless ?? - Correct Answer it is delivered in person Unfired cartridges may be left in the magazine of a weapon, provided the magazine is - Correct Answer removed from the gun. A firearm with the cartridge in the chamber should never be shipped by any method, even if the weapon is not cocked or on safety. What should you record when taking a firearm in as evidence? - Correct Answer serial number, make, model, and caliber of the weapon, and mark it in some inconspicuous manner that does not detract from its value before sending it to the Laboratory. Marking firearms is important since duplicate serial numbers are sometimes found on different guns of the same make and general type. Do not confuse model numbers or patent numbers with serial numbers.
- Place weapons in strong....... - Correct Answer cardboard or wooden boxes, well packed, to prevent shifting of guns in transit. True or False
addition, traces of transferred paint or other stains on the tool may be lost or additional material may be transferred to the tool. Controlled Substances and Medical Preparations are handled and collected how?? - Correct Answer Each sample of material recovered should be placed in a paper container, which can be sealed and marked. Be sure to properly seal as loose material, particularly in the case of marijuana, can leak and spill. Some drugs, like PCP, should be packaged in heat-sealed KAPAK bags. Medicinal preparations found in prescription boxes or bottles should be left in these containers which can be sealed and marked. The information on the prescription label may be of assistance to the Laboratory. By means of chemical tests, most controlled substances and common drugs can be identified. Latent Fingerprints are collected and processed, how? - Correct Answer • All such evidence should be marked in some distinctive manner, such as is the case with any other type of physical evidence. Precautions should be taken, when marking evidence, not to damage or destroy potential latent fingerprints.
- Lifted, developed latents should also be marked or sealed in marked envelopes.
- Photograph-developed latents with and without identifying markings and scale. Preservation of Fingerprint Evidence - Correct Answer • Most fingerprints submitted will be on paper, glass, metal, or other smooth surfaced objects. When articles containing
latents must be picked up, touch as little as possible, and then only in areas least likely to contain identifiable latents, such as rough surfaces.
- While gloves or handkerchiefs may be used to pick up such exhibits, any unnecessary contact should be avoided. Although using a cloth to pick up exhibits prevents leaving additional prints on the articles, the cloth will frequently wipe off or smear any prints originally present, unless great care is taken.
- Large articles containing latents such as glass, metal articles, and firearms should be placed on wood or heavy cardboard and fastened down with string to prevent shifting and contact with other objects in transit. Where such evidence is to be examined frequently, a pegboard should be obtained on which wooden pegs can be moved as desired to support exhibits and keep them from moving. Bottles and glasses may be placed vertically on a board and placed in the bottom of a box. The base of the bottle or glass can be surrounded with nails to hold it in place, and the top can be either inserted through a hole in a piece of cardboard or held in position with a wooden board nailed to the container's lid.
- Papers and documents containing latent prints should be placed individually in a cellophane or manila envelope. Such a container can be sandwiched between two sheets of stiff cardboard, wrapped, and placed in a box for mailing. WET VERSUS DRY EVIDENCE - Correct Answer There are two physical states in which biological evidence is submitted: wet and dry. Certain types of evidence, such as blood-draw samples or some of the contents of a sexual assault kit, must remain in liquid form. In most cases, these types of evidence are obtained from the crime
What are the ten phases for managing a crime scene - Correct Answer 1) reporting and activation, 2) responding, 3) controlling, 4) hand-over, 5) plan¬ning, 6) investigation and processing, 7) debriefing, 8) restoring, 9) releasing and 10) evaluation. Use of Force Continuum
- Identify the levels of force - Correct Answer More Force Deadly Force Less Lethal Pepper Spray, Baton, Taser Empty Hand Control Verbal Commands Less Force Officer Presence Civil liberties include - Correct Answer • Freedom of speech
- The right to privacy
- The right to be free from unreasonable searches of your home
- The right to a fair court trial
- The right to marry
- The right to vote 4th Amendment - Correct Answer The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or
affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Exceptions to the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement-The U.S. Supreme court throughout the course of this country's history has established (13) exceptions to the warrant requirement for conducting searches. The exceptions are as follows: - Correct Answer 1. Exigent circumstances
- Stop and frisk
- Incident to arrest
- Custodial searches
- Plain view
- vehicle
- Border search
- Open fields
- Abandoned property
- Consent
- Administrative
- Probation search
- Protective sweep First Amendment - Correct Answer First Amendment - Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and to petition the government
