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An in-depth exploration of criminology, the study of crime causes and prevention. It covers various aspects of crime, including its distribution in time and place, the role of genetics, hormonal imbalances, and brain development. The document also discusses different philosophies on crime and their impact on crime prevention strategies.
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Criminology is the study of the etiology of crime – what causes crime and why. To answer that question, we seek to
detect crime and then accurately measure it in all its dimensions: where, when, and why is it distributed in time and place
where, when, how, why and who is committing it
where when, how, why and who are the victims
Based on an assessment of that information, a response or a treatment is prescribed in both a preventative and curative
context if possible. Criminology seeks epistemological
understanding so as to better prevent and respond to crime in a social/communal context and to minimize its negative
Impacts.
Criminologists and justice professionals must:
We must be both scientific and public criminologists for our
research to have any value.
I.) Demonological Theories 1.) Traditional - Augustine, Gregory I, Gregory VII, Jerome 2.) Pre-Classical - Aquinas, Luther, Machiavelli 3.) Social Contract - Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire
I.) Demonological Theories…continued C.) Social Contract - Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire
Behavior a mix of other world factors and by personal impulses and instincts, you agree to abide by the laws and the State agrees to maintain order, the State punishes when that contract is violated
Hobbes – people are basically bad, the reason there is crime is because the state does not punish with sufficient frequency and severity
Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire – people are basically good (new paradigm), head of the state is the servant of the people, rule of law (no one, not even the King is above the law), it is better to free a guilty man than to condemn an innocent one
Hobbes wins out initially, but Lockean et al philosophies eventually emerge in the Western world
I.) Demonological Theories 1.) Traditional - Augustine, Gregory I, Gregory VII, Jerome 2.) Pre-Classical - Aquinas, Luther, Machiavelli 3.) Social Contract - Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire
II.) Naturalistic Theories 1.) Classical - Cicero, Beccaria, Bentham, Burke
I.) Demonological Theories 1.) Traditional - Augustine, Gregory I, Gregory VII, Jerome 2.) Pre-Classical - Aquinas, Luther, Machiavelli 3.) Social Contract - Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire
II.) Naturalistic Theories 1.) Classical - Cicero, Beccaria, Bentham, Burke 2.) Positivist - Lombroso, Quetelet, Comte A. Biological Determinism - Galton, Lombroso