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Critical Thinking Exam 1: Exercises and Answers, Exams of Psychology

A series of exercises and their corresponding answers, designed to test and enhance critical thinking skills. It covers various aspects of logic, including the distinction between judgment and simple apprehension, deductive arguments, definitions, categorical statements, and the analysis of arguments. A valuable resource for students seeking to improve their critical thinking abilities.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/06/2024

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critical thinking exam 1 with correct answers
What makes "judgment" different from simple apprehension? - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔In making a judgment we are connecting two terms together,
whereas in a simple apprehension, we are merely understanding a single concept
or term.
What are the three "checks" for a deductive argument? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔We should ask whether the terms are clear and unambiguous.
We should ask whether the premises are each true.
We should ask whether the argument is logically valid.
"Everyone in America and in the rest of the world"
According to what you learned in the Kreeft chapter, the above phrase is - **
VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔a Term
"If an argument is logically valid, then its conclusion must be true."
True or False? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔False
Is there a problem with the following definition of murderer? A "murderer" is
someone whose actions cause the death of someone else. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔The definition is too wide.
What kind of definition is the following? "Southern state" means Alabama,
Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Enumerative
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critical thinking exam 1 with correct answers

What makes "judgment" different from simple apprehension? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ In making a judgment we are connecting two terms together, whereas in a simple apprehension, we are merely understanding a single concept or term. What are the three "checks" for a deductive argument? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ We should ask whether the terms are clear and unambiguous. We should ask whether the premises are each true. We should ask whether the argument is logically valid. "Everyone in America and in the rest of the world" According to what you learned in the Kreeft chapter, the above phrase is - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ a Term "If an argument is logically valid, then its conclusion must be true." True or False? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ False Is there a problem with the following definition of murderer? A "murderer" is someone whose actions cause the death of someone else. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ The definition is too wide. What kind of definition is the following? "Southern state" means Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Enumerative

What form of categorical statement is the following statement? No Ohioans are Texans. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E What kind of categorical statement is the following? Some diamonds are not valuable objects. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ O Put the following sentence into standard categorical form: At least one car is not a Ford. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Some cars are not Fords. In the Apology, accusations are raised against Socrates. In response to these accusations, he: - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ defends himself against the accusations and argues that he is not harmful to Athens. In the Apology, the Oracle says that Socrates is the "wisest." Socrates, however, has a very unique interpretation of what the Oracle must have meant by "wisest." Socrates believes that in truth he lacks most kinds of wisdom. that by being aware that he lacks most kinds of wisdom, he is a step more wise than most people he meets, who think they know more than they do.

How do you derive a contraposition? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ obvert- convert-obvert the statement When a valid argument has a false premise, the argument is - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ unsound What occurs when one denies the conclusion when the presmises are true? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ a contradiction If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. True or false? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ True What is a definition that indicates the set of things or classes to which the term applies? (i.e. dog: german shepherd, labrador, etc.) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ extentional What is a definition that indicates the characteristics a thing must have to be the thing that it is? (i.e. dog: mammal, four-legged, etc.) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ intentional Every categorical statement has a quantity, affirmative or negative. True or false? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ False; quality Every categorical statement has a quality, universal or particular. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ False; quantity How are arguments with equivocation formatted? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ X has attribute Y. So, Y is identical with X (that is, Y is one and the same thing as X). How are arguments with amphiboly formatted? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ All men are mortal.

Socrates is a man. So, Socrates is mortal. (men in the first premise means humans, not man specifically) What is the definition that is found by literally pointing at what you are defining? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ ostensive What is the definition that is similar to a dictionary definition? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ lexical What is the definition that proposes a definition for a word independent of what the current meaning is? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ stipulative What is the definition that puts limits on a term so that the definition is not vague?

  • ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ precising What is the definition that defines a term by applying it to other concepts in order to understand the term defined? (i.e. knowledge) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ theoretical What is enumerative by subclass? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ lists the groups, not individual members Which statements are contradictories? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A and O Which statements are contraries? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A and E Which statements are subcontraries? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ I and O What is a particular statement like "some ants are insects"? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ a sublatern