Crop Improvement in Cherry, Cheat Sheet of Gardening and Horticulture

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Crop improvement

in cherry

Submitted to:- Dr.Kiran Submitted by:- Vanshika TH-2022-51-BIV

Introduction

• (^) Botanical name : Prunus avium
• (^) Order : Rosales
• (^) Family : Rosaceae
• (^) Chromosome no. : 2n=
• (^) Origin : Europe
• (^) Fruit type : Drupe

Related species

• Cherry is divided into two groups : Prunus avium --- sweet cherry Prunus cerasus---sour cherry
• (^) Other related species are:-
• (^) Prunus gondouinii- Duke cherry (tetraploid)
• (^) Prunus pumila- Sand or dwarf cherry. It produced purple black flowers of ornamental value. Fruits are sour and astringent in taste. Prunus duracina Prunus juliana Prunus nigricans Prunus varia

Distribution

• (^) Turkey is the largest producer of cherries followed by United States. The total world production of cherries recorded for the year 2016–2017 was 2.2 million metric tonnes.
• (^) In India, cherry mainly grows in North-Western states of Indian like Jammu and Kashmir (J&K),Himachal Pradesh (HP) and Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills.
• (^) Some 10–12 species of cherries are grown throughout the world. The most commonly grown cultivars of cherries are wild or sweet cherry, tart or sour cherry and dukes (crosses of sweet and sour cherries).
• (^) In addition to these, the common cherry cultivars of economical importance are Bigarreau Napoleon and Black heart

OBJECTIVES OF CROP IMPROVEMENT

• (^) i. Development of variety having compact growth habit and late flowering tendency.
• (^) Development of variety having precocity in bearing with high yield.
• (^) Development of variety having large fruit, firm flesh with good shipping quality.
• (^) iv. Development of variety with resistance to fruit cracking and Pseudomonas

Objective of Scion Improvement in

Cherry Should Be

• (^) a. Development of cultivars having precocity in bearing, large and constant yield resistance to rain-induced cracking, resistance to diseases especially bacterial canker induced by Pseudomonas mors pv. prunorum and P. syringae and insects, winter hardiness. moderate to compact growth.
• (^) b. Development of varieties with better fruit size, attractive in appearance, firmnes Navour, self-fertility, extended harvest season and adaptability to mechanical harvest
• (^) c. Molecular assisted breeding for genetic fingerprinting, estimation of genetic diversiy and mapping and in order to improve breeding efficiency.
• (^) d. To select or bred self compatible and cross compatible cultivars.
• (^) e. To bred and select large-fruited, late-ripening cherry selections.
• (^) 1. To raise interspecific progenies of sweet cherry at tetraploid level.

Breeding problem in Cherry

• (^) Cherry is self incompatible.

INHERITANCE PATTERN

• (^) The inheritance pattern of some traits associated with fruit quality and productivity (taste, texture, size, shape, flesh and external color, firmness, shelf life, yield, bloom date and harvest date, among others) have shown a quantitative pattern of heritability have been reported for sweet cherry for flowering date (h ^ 2 = 0.67 - 0.94) ripening date ( h ^ 2 = 0.44-0.99) and fruit size (h ^ 2 = 0.5 - 0.68) and medium to low values for ( h ^ 2 = 035), acidity (h ^ 2 = 0.19 - 0.31) (h ^ 2 = 0.17 - 0.36) sweetness (h ^ 2 = 0.19) and flavor (h ^ 2 = 0.06 - 0.16) et al., 2007; Dirlewanger et al., 2012).

• (^) Van
• (^) A very useful an open pollinated seedling of Eupress Engenie and self- fertile. It was introduced from the Summerland Research Station, Canada in 1944. Trees are vigorous, upright and much hardy than any other sweet cherry cultivars. It starts fruiting at very young stage, productive, heavy bearer and blooming is mid season. The fruit is large, with a bright red skin, not too thick. Flesh is firm, not very juicy and pale red in colour. Fruit stalk is very small, difficult to pick and cracking is less than Bing.

Selection

• (^) CITH Cherry-
• (^) The variety has been developed through clonal selection from old variety ‘Double (Bigarreau Napoleon)’. It is a regular bearing; precocious variety is Yield is higher in comparison to Double. It is suitable for cultivation under Kashmir valley and other Himalayan Regions.

Hybridization

• (^) Sandra Rose It is a cross between 2C-61-18 x Sunburst and developed in Australi. Fruits are large, resembling Van with rounded shape; bright, shiny dark red skin; dark red flesh, moderately firm, sweet, with good flavor; good tolerance to rain carking. Trees are self-fertile.
• (^) Santina It is cross between Stella x Summit. Fruits are moderately large, oval with a medium-long, black skin; firm flesh, moderately sweet; moderate tolerance to rain-splitting; early-ripening, H"8 days before Van. Trees are self-fertile and moderately productive.

• (^) Sunburst It is reported to be outstanding for fruit size, high yield, and self- fertility. Sunburst is cross between Van x Stella made by KO Lapins in 1965 at the Summerland Research Station Canada. The fruit is large a little heart shaped. Sweetheart It is cross between Van x Newstar. Fruits are moderately large, round, red skin and Bles very firm, moderately sweet with Fruits are large, round, re do rain-splicing may be susceptible to sun scald, late-ripening, H"19-22 days after Van. Trees are self- fertile: precocious and very productive.

Mutation

• (^) Redlac It is productive dark red cherry originated as a budsport of Rainier in LeGrande, Oregon.Fruits large, with long stems; dark red skin and light red flesh, very good sweetness midseason ripening, similar to or slightly after Van. Compact Stella The cultivar is a radiation-induced mutant of Stella. The tree is semi dwarf and is half of the parent cultivar. It is precocious, heavy bearer and self- compatible. The fruit is medium to large, heart shaped to oval, black and flesh is medium firm. Fruit cracking is moderate and is a universal pollinizer.