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CSES 2040 EXAM 1, 2, 3, AND FINAL EXAM | ALL
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CSES 2040 EXAM 1
For a transpiring plant, water moves from soil to roots, then to stems, then to leaves and then evaporates to the atmosphere. Which of the following is not true about the water potentials at different soil-plant-atmosphere continuum? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------The water potential of the root is less than the water potential of the leaf A and B are subsamples of the same soil. They are treated with different solute concentrations that is expressed in millimoles/L (mM) (i.e the higher the mM, the more concentrated the solution is) and placed intact. Solute will more likely move from sample A to soil B if their concentration expressed in (mM) is: a. A = 15 mM, B = 10 mM b. A = 25 mM, B = 10 mM c. A = 40 mM, B = 30 mM d. All of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. All of the above A and B are subsamples of the same soil. They are treated with different solute concentrations that is expressed in millimoles/L (mM) (i.e the higher the mM, the more concentrated the solution is) and placed intact. For the above condition, water will more likely flow from soil sample A to B if: a. A = 15 mM, B = 10 mM b. A = 25 mM, B = 10 mM c. A = 40 mM, B = 30 mM
d. None of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. None of the above Which of the following means of estimating soil water levels gives a measure of water content? a. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) b. Neutron scattering probe c. Gravimetric d. All of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. All of the above The attraction between and soil surfaces described by which component of soil water potential? a. Gravitational b. Osmotic potential c. Pressure d. None of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. None of the above A soil particle has a radius of 0.0015 cm. The capillary rise of water in the soil will be: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- 100 At which condition is water most tightly held to soil? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Air-dry (-100,000 kPa) Which of the following does not belong to soil master horizon? a. A b. B c. C d. D ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. D
Even though plants need the 17 essential nutrients, they also take up non- essential nutrients. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------True ____________ deficiency in local soils will cause Keshan disease. ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Se The concentration of CO2 in the soil is greater than the air atmosphere. ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------true Most of the weight of a dry mineral soil is due to its ___________ component. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------mineral Two soils created at the same time in Alaska and Alabama will go through the same weathering intensity and age similarly. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------false The actions of weathering and erosion on a rock will produce: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Soil In general, chemical weathering will be dominant in humid and hot Alabama whereas physical weathering will be dominant in cold/hot and dry Gobi desert. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- -------True
An agent of physical weathering on soil parent materials will include: a. abrasion b. exfoliation c. temperature d. all of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. all of the above The reaction: 5Fe2O3+ 9H2OFe10O159H = O is an example of ________ in chemical weathering. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------hydration The four soil forming processes include: ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----addition, loss, translocation, transformation Soils deposited at the mouth of a river mainly differ as th e result of their time of arrival when all other soil forming ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------chronosequence __________ parent materials are tran sported by wind and deposited by wind as loess and sand anywhere in the world. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------
A soil profile consists of the following horizons: Oi, Oe, Oa, A, EB, BE, Bt1, Bt2 BC, CB, C. How many master horizons does this soil contain? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- 4
As discussed in this class, plant essential nutrients include _________ Macro _______ microelements, respectively. ------CORRECT ANSWER----- ----------9 and 8 Which of the following is true about soil? A. Soil is a rock B. rock is a soil C. soil an inert and biologically active D. none of the above are true ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------NONE OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE Physical and chemical weathering take place: ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------simultaneously Which of the following is not a weathering agent? A. water B. air C. redox D. none of the above are true ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------NONE OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE The five soil forming factors include: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- time, topography, parent material, climate and biota The four soil forming processes do not include: A. transformation B. translocation C. losses/gains D. none of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------NONE OF THE ABOVE
There are _____ soil orders according to US soil taxonomy ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- 12 A given soil has a nomenclature of Miami silt loam, fine loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquoll. What is the order name of this soil? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Mollisol A given soil has a nomenclature of Miami silt loam, fine loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquoll. What is the subgroup name of this soil? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Typic Argiaquoll In which soil suborder would you most likely find a soil with swelling and cracking clay? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Uderts A prime land that is most suitable for agriculture with little or no limitation has a land capability classification of: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- I The subsurface horizon color (hue) of a well drained mineral soil in Southeast US will probably be: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------red, yellow, and/or combination or red and yellow The relative proportion of sand (2.00-0.05 mm), silt (0.05-0.002 mm) and clay (<0.002 mm) particles in a soil is known as: ------CORRECT ANSWER- --------------texture
Which of the following method is used to determine soil water potential? ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------tensiometer Soil water at field capacity (-30 kPa) compared to permanent wilting percentage (-1500 kPa) will be: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------more available for plants Which of the following is true for a transpiring plant as far as water potential are concerned?
- water potential of soil is greater than the root.
- Water potential of the leaf is less than the atmospheric air.
- Water potential of the leaf is greater than the root.
- all of the above. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------water potential of soil is greater than the root. The major compartment of global water is the ocean. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------true The largest liquid freshwater is contained in ____________. ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------ground water P=ET+SS+D describes: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------water balance in watershed
In arid or semiarid areas when precipitation (P) is much less than potential evapotranspiration (PET), PET-ET =? ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --deficit Plants use 200-1000 pounds of water to produce just one pound of dry matter. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------true What percentage of the food we eat comes directly or indirectly from the soil? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------90% The difference between dirt and soil is: ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --Dirt is soil out of its place, whereas a soil is a natural body that can be studied and described intact A soil is an interface of air, water, biota, and solid particles and accordingly called: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Pedosphere Which of the following is not a true statement about relationships between a rock and soil? a. A rock is a soil b. Mineral soils are formed from rocks through the process of weathering c. Soil properties are influenced by the rocks they are made from d. Minerals in rocks will become part of soil nutrient ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a. A rock is a soil In a typical mineral soil in optimal condition for plant growth, approximately __% by volume of air and water, respectively. ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------25% and 25%
There is probably more carbon dioxide gas in soil compared to the air atmosphere because of: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Soil microbial respiration and plant root respiration The soil regolith of southeast US, FL, lower parts of AL, GA, SC and NC are dominated by: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Coastal plain Residual parent materials are best described as ___. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Materials formed by weathering of rocks and minerals in place The Nile, the longest river in the world, carries billions of parent materials from the high lands of Ethiopia and deposits them in Egyptian plains (inland) every year. These water transported and deposited parent materials are known as: a. Marine b. Dirt c. Till d. None of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. None of the above Soils formed at the mouth of the Mississippi River mainly differ according to the time of deposition. The difference in the soils that are deposited in this way assuming all other soil forming factors are almost similar is called: - ----- CORRECT ANSWER---------------chronosequence Biochemical weathering of rocks includes:
a. Hydration b. Hydrolysis c. Oxidation - reduction d. All of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. All of the above Which of the following categories of Soil Taxonomy provides the least specificity of soil properties? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------order Soils with thick horizons consisting mainly of organic matter (30% by weight) and that are formed in topographic depressions or low-lying places with plant usually belong to the order ___. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------histosols The subgroup name for Cordova, fine, mesic, Typic argiaquolls soil according to USDA soil taxonomy system is: ------CORRECT ANSWER----- ----------typic argiaquolls Investigating the soils of Alaska, you dig a soil pit material until 75 cm deep, but your shovel hits a layer that is frozen solid (permafrost). Into which soil suborder are you most likely digging? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- Histel Increased organic matter and reduced tillage can be expected to most significantly increase: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------macropores In which Great group would you most likely find soils with side surface cracks during periods of dry weather and swelling when wet? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------calciusterts
Hurricanes or tropical depressions saturate soils with water. The soil pore volume occupied by air as the percentage of the total volume of soil under this condition will be about: a. 100% b. 50% c. 25% d. None of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. None of the above Which one of the following mineral soil has the highest bulk density relatively? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------sandy soil Which of the following best characterizes the wilting coefficient of a soil? --- ---CORRECT ANSWER---------------Soil with water potential of - 1500 kPa Which list of soil orders proceeds from the least to the most highly developed and weathered soil? a. ultisols, entisols, oxisols b. entisols, ultisols, oxisols c. entisols, oxisols, ultisols d. none of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b. entisols, ultisols, oxisols Soils in which of the following order are commonly san dy in texture, quite acidic and develop primarily under coniferous trees in cool to cold climates that are common in New England States such as Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine? a. Mollisols b. Andisols c. Ultisols
d. Spodosols ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. Spodosols The subgroup name for Bama, fine-loamy, sili ceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------Typic paleudults Alabama's Black belt (prairie) soils exhibit wide surface cr acks during periods of dry weather and swelling when wet. Which of the following great group will describe them? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------calciusterts Soil color provides clues to the nature of soil components, aeration and moisture conditions. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------true Under dry conditions, sandy soils will ha ve lower bulk density than clayey soils. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --false A given soil has 10% sand, 30% silt and 5% organic matter. Its clay content will be: ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --60% Soil separates with 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mm diameters will be classified as ___, ___, ___, respectively, by USDA. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --sand, silt, clay
ground to avoid wetting the storage containers by unsaturated water flow to avoid accidental water seepage. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------false The attraction between water and soil surfaces is described by which component of soil water potential? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- matric potential Which of the following is not true with respect to the hydrologic cycle? a. Relatively speaking, more water is evaporated from ocean than land on earth's surface. b. The average residence time of water in clouds is about 10 days. c. Most of the precipitation from ocean falls onto the ocean. d. none of the above. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. none of the above. The Alabama, Florida and Georgia water wars" is mainly due to disagreement on how to control cross border narcotic trafficking. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------false _______an area of land drained by a single system of stre ams and bounded by ridges that separate it from adjust areas. ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------watershed As we discussed in this class, people who drank water from E. coli contaminated groundwater at an annual fair in Washington County in NY State got sick. Which one of the following was not a contributing factor for the contamination? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A clayey soil
For a transpiring plant, the water potentials of soil, plant root and stem can be - 50 kPa, X kPa and - 85 kPa respectively. The possible values of X will be: ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ------------- 70 The water used to produce you daily diet is ten times greater than the water you drink in a day. ------CORRECT ANSWER--
- ------------false Which of the following irrigation systems produces the most biomass per unit of water applied? a. flood irrigation b. furrow irrigation c. drip irrigation d. sprinkle irrigation ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. drip irrigation _______is a regulatory term in the U. S. Clean Water Act, describing a plan for restoring impaired waters that identifies the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive wh ile still meeting water quality standards. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------TMDL Relatively speaking, the highest amount of water is utilized for _________________. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------irrigation
