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LESSON 2
OVERVIEW
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you must have:
- Discussed how the ideas postulated by Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and other religious perspectives on
science, technology and society,
- Enumerated the scientists that contributed to the historical events of science.
- Analyzed how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the world like in Latin America, East Asia,
Middle East, and Africa during the prehistoric, ancient and medieval times.
In the World:
Prehistoric, Ancient,
and Medieval/Middle
Science has been shaped and reshaped over
the years. An ancient civilization going back to more
than five thousand years which evolved with an
amazing continuity, could not have been uninfluenced
by science. Different civilizations played their
important role in the development of various fields of
science. Science, which was in primitive form then,
made their lives comfortable.
There are scientific advancements and
technologies that the society are using but knowing
so little about it. It may be a product of serendipity or
scientific inquisitiveness. Inventions don't generally
happen by accident or in a random order: science
and technology progress in a very logical way, with
each new discovery leading on from the last.
ENGAGE
Let’s recall!
From the previous topic previously discussed, recall what you have learned and answer the following
questions below.
What is
Science?
What is
Technology?
What is
Society?
How Science,
Technology,
and Society
influence
each other?
New Stone Age
- The first invention of agriculture and the foundation of cities.
- The difficulties that man faced in searching food led to the invention of techniques of
agriculture which gives rise to mathematical and mechanical concepts.
- Natural flow irrigation canals.
Discovery and use of metals like copper and bronze
- Transport by cart and ship.
- Started to use signs and symbols
(cuneiform and hieroglyphics)
- Counting using stones and later on with the use
of abacus.
- Conceptions of areas and volumes of figures.
- Sun, moon, and stars are studied---astronomy
- Egyptians—sky is a flat cover.
- Babylonians--- sky as a vast four-square tent.
- Chinese astronomy started with the idea of
rotation of a wheel.
- Medicine is an upper caste profession
Iron Age
Improved tools and machines but did not make
remarkablechange in material technique.
The Greeks assembled and developed out of
the technical experience of the older empires
Intellectuals and their Revolutionary Ideas
Greek philosopher and the main source of western thought.
- His “Socratic Method”, laid the groundwork for western systems of l
logic
and philosophy.
Socrates always emphasized the importance of the mind over the relative
unimportance of the human body.
He claimed to be ignorant because he had no ideas, but wise because he
recognized his own ignorance.
The more I know, the more I do not know.
An unexamined life is not worth living SOCRATES
Was a student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle.
Founded the university in Athens
Idealist.
His work on the use of reason to develop a more fair and just society that
is focused on the quality of individuals established the foundation for
modern democracy.
Plato claimed that knowledge through senses isno more than opinion, and
that, in order to have that knowledge, we must gain it through
philosophical reasoning.
PLATO
ARISTOTLE
Focus on systematic concept of logic.
Objective was to come up with a universal process of reasoning
that would allow man to learn every conceivable thing about the
reality
Realist
The Golden Mean: Living a moral life Is the Ultimate Goal.
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
Christian Era
For most medieval scholars, who believed that God created the
universe according to geometric and harmonic principles, science-
particularly geometry and astronomy- was linked directly to the
divine.
To seek these principles, therefore, would be seek to God.
To read more, scan the QR code using your
internet browser.
- The Caveman
- Timeline of Science and Technology
- Three Ancient Thinkers
Three-Word Billboard or #Summary Thinker/Philosopher
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
ARCHIMEDES
ERATOSTHENES
ROGER BACON
Main Ideas Supporting Facts
It’s time for reflection!
“The only true wisdom is knowing you know nothing.”- Socrates
Let’s ponder!
Socratic Method is a one way to develop critical thinking. Give 3 actual examples or scenarios
that uses the Socratic method and describe briefly
