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LESSON 4 Modern
Times
OVERVIEW
The booming world population during the nineteenth century onwards demanded that more goods be produced at a faster rate. People needed efficient means of transportation to trade more goods and cover the larger distance. Machines That require animals to operate must thus be upgraded. Faster and easier means to communicate and compute should be developed to establish connections between and among nations. All these needs resulted in the development of industries. However, due to massive industrialization, the modern times again faced more complicated problems. Food processing and medicine posed some of the bigger challenges since health was of great concern. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the lesson, students must have:
- Identified the different inventions that increased the level of comfortability of people during the modern times.
- Elucidated how inventions of science and technology helped the production, communication, transportation and among others.
- Appreciate the important contributions of these invention as precursor of the present technologies. ENGAGE LET’S MATCH IT! Given the pictures on the column A, match the corresponding invention/inventor/proponents/process to the column B. Draw a line from column A to Column B.
Column A Column B
Cities As people moved from the farm to work in the factories, cities grew larger and larger. Some cities were created just for factories and their workers, such as Lowell, Massachusetts. Directions: Complete the chart with details from the text that show cause and effect relationships. CUASE (Why?) EFFECT (What Happened?) EXPLAIN
PASTEURIZATION
As the people were able to develop better means production to meet the needs of the population, food preservation and safety became an issue. The challenge to keep manufactured food from deteriorating was greater for dairy products, especially for milk, since they usually spoiled faster. These goods needed to be consumed almost immediately after production or they would cause illness like diphtheria, food poisoning, and Typhoid fever. Since transporting these products would also take time, it would be impossible to trade them. Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist, found a way to solve the problem. He invented pasteurization, the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. Through this process, milk could be stored and consumed for a longer period. It also prevented illnesses caused by harmful bacteria (Macalester College, 2010). Other contributions of Pasteur to science, technology, and medicine included his works on molecular asymmetry, fermentation, and vaccination.
Alexander Graham Bell and his invention, Telephone.
CALCULATOR
Although an earlier version of the calculator had already been developed, circumstances in the modern times required a faster way to compute more complicated equations. Computing devices must also be easy to carry since they would be utilized on a day-to-day basis. The creation of modern calculators did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in the development of more complex processing machines like the computer.
LIGHT BULB, STORAGE BATTERY, PONOGRAPH, AND MOTION
PICTURES
Selling sandwiches and candy on a railroad train was the first job of THOMAS ALVA EDISON (1847-1931), the last and the greatest of inspired tinkerers who was thankful that he was deaf, claiming that his deafness enabled him to concentrate. He saw in electricity its great potential for service to mankind. Among his outstanding inventions serving humanity
are the electric light bulb, the storage battery, the phonograph, and the motion picture equipment.
RADIO
The radio waves discovered by Hertz were adapted by the Italian physicist and inventor GUGLIELMO MARCONI (1874 -1937) in 1896 when he created a new mass communication device, the system of radiotelegraphy. During 1896 and 1897, Marconi developed the wireless telegraphy apparatus which he patented in 1900 for the "Improvements in Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy," thus enabling several stations to operate on different wavelengths without interference. In recognition of his sensational contribution to worldwide communications, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in
- His later works led to the development of the shortwave wireless which became the basis of almost all modern longdistance radio. EXTEND
LET’S THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX!
As an activity, research for more scientist/inventors during the industrial revolution that made a groundbreaking discoveries/invention for the benefit of the unity. Supply your answers within the box and answer for what is being ask to do so.
- What historical antecedents gave rise to the inventions you mentioned in the first question?
- How did the development in science and technology shaped human history?
