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A comprehensive study guide for csulb bio 213 exam i, covering key concepts and definitions related to plant biology. It includes explanations of abiotic and biotic factors, scientific methods, data analysis techniques, and plant anatomy and physiology. The guide also features definitions of important terms like monocots, eudicots, xylem, and phloem, along with examples and illustrations.
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Abiotic - ANSWER "Non-living" aspects of the environment Biotic - ANSWER "living" components of the environment that affect other organisms Observation - ANSWER based on something you've seen, heard, or read. The act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way. Question - ANSWER question about what you have observed "How" and "what"ex. Why does the organism do that?
Prediction - ANSWER use available info. to make a prediction of what you think theanswer might be. Unlike hypotheses, predictions can be based on a great deal or very little supporting information. Diversity - ANSWER different species of plants and animals Abundance - ANSWER number of organisms Mean - ANSWER average Standard Deviation (SD) - ANSWER measure of dispersion or variability of the datapoints around the mean
standard error of mean (SEM) - ANSWER SEM of a measurement is the SD afteradjusting for sample size
Discrete data - ANSWER whole numbers usually obtained when something is counted ex. count how many seeds a plant produces Continuous data - ANSWER fractionsusually obtained when something is measured ex. measure the length of each seed DATA-Discrete - ANSWER Chi-Square test DATA-Continuous - ANSWER 2 groups of indep. samples: F-test -> T-test 2+ groups of indep. samples: Fmax test -> One-way ANOVA 2 variables: Correlation and Regression t-test - ANSWER a statistic that compares two groups to determine the difference of twomeans
F test or VAR test - ANSWER required to check if VAR of the two populations aredifferent.
p> 0.05 : EQUAL VAR t test p</= 0.05 : UNEQUAL VAR t test
node - ANSWER point where a leaf attaches to the stem area between the nodes = INTERNODE axillary bud - ANSWER where each leaf meets the stem -form new stems apical bud - ANSWER bud at the tip of each stem or branch -primary growing point of the plant and the dominant bud Taproot system - ANSWER single, large, and deep growing roots -often serving storage -can have small side roots Fibrous root system - ANSWER many small roots of similar diameter -many branches incr. surface area for transport while anchoring the plant in the ground. lignin - ANSWER strengthens cell walls; found in wood Suberin - ANSWER lipid used for waterproofing; cork PARenchyma cells - ANSWER -most abundant and least specialized cells-funct.: storage, secretion, and transport; cortex and pith in stems, cortex of roots, mesophyll of leaves, pulp of fruits and endosperm of seeds.-PARenchyma in P/S: are chloroplasts in leaves
-living cells, can divide even at maturity -thin but flexible cellulose cell walls -store and regulate ions, waste products and water COLLenchyma cells - ANSWER Plant cells with unevenly thickened primary cell wallsthat are alive at maturity and that function to support the growing stem (ie. non-woody stems, leaf petioles and growing organs) -composed of elongated cells with irregularly thickened walls SCLERenchyma cells - ANSWER -cells are dead at maturity-rigid support and at parts of plants that stopped growing in length -often secondary cell walls contain the strong and flexible protein LIGNIN (elastic unlikeCOLLenchyma)
Sclereids - ANSWER are short and irregular in shape and have thick lignified secondarywalls
Fibers - ANSWER needle-shaped with pointed tips and thick walls-abundant in vascular tissue of angiosperms
Xylem - ANSWER vascular tissue that carries water/nutrients upward from the roots toevery part of a plant
Tracheids - ANSWER Cells that, along with vessel elements, make up xylem. cells that undergo apoptosis (cell death), but since cell walls stay intact =>can transportminerals and water from roots to other plant parts