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CTRS Exam 2025- 2026 Questions and Correct
Answers/ CTR Certification Test 2025/ CTRS
Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist
(CTRS) Graded A+
What does the Broaden and Build Theory consist of suggests that positive emotions (such as happiness, and perhaps interest and anticipation) broaden one's awareness and encourage novel, exploratory thoughts and actions. Over time, this broadened behavioral repertoire builds useful skills and psychological resources what does psycho-analytic theory consist of Engaging in play to reduce anxiety. ie: play therapy-abused child uses doll to master situation. what does catharsis theory consist of Play to release repressed thoughts, feelings, and emotions. An outlet for aggression. what does diversion theory consist of to amuse ourselves what does compensation theory consist of to play/recreate, to fulfill needs not met
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
- sensorimotor
- preoperational
- concrete operational
- formal operational piagets theory sensorimotor stage age and description 0 - 2 yrs; coordination of senses with motor response, sensory curiosity about the world. language used for demands and cataloguing, object permanence developed piagets theory preoperational stage age and description 2 - 7 yrs; symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express full concepts. imagination and intuition are strong but complex thought still difficult. conservation developed piagets theory concrete operational stage age and description 7 - 11; concepts attached to concrete situations. time, space, and quantity are understood and can be applied but not as independent concepts piagets theory formal operational stage age and description 11+; theoretical, hypothetical and counterfactual thinking. abstract logic and reasoning, strategy and planning become possible. concepts learned in one context can be applied to another
what does stage 5 of erikson's theory consist of (age, period, crisis, positive resolution) adolescence, identity vs role confusion, unified sense of self what does stage 6 of erikson's theory consist of (age, period, crisis, positive resolution) young adulthood, intimacy vs isolation, form close personal relationships what does stage 7 of erikson's theory consist of (age, period, crisis, positive resolution) middle adulthood, generativity vs stagnation, promote wellbeing of others what does stage 8 of erikson's theory consist of (age, period, crisis, positive resolution) late adulthood, integrity vs despair, sense of satisfaction with life well lived flow theory the mental state of being completely immersed in an activity social learning theory
a theory of learning process and social behavior which proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others experiential learning theory the process of making meaning from direct experience. experiential learning is learning from experiences act-reflect-conceptualize-apply Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization; all humans are striving to achieve self- actualization but first must fulfill other essential needs what does maslow's physiological hierarchy of needs consist of breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, exrection what does maslow's safety hierarchy of needs consist of security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property what does maslow's love/belonging hierarchy of needs consist of friendship, family, sexual intimacy
how can disability be defined Inability to engage in substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determined physical or mental impairments What is confidentiality? Right to share privileged information with HC provider. Information not divulged by provider. Patients identity, condition, emotional state and financial state. Right to be free from unnecessary probes into personal affairs what is learned helplessness? the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events The phenomenon in which experience with uncontrollable events creates passive behavior toward subsequent threats to well-being what is self-efficacy Involves one's perceptions about his capabilities to attain a goal; as a person gains master in one area, self-efficacy may spread to other areas as well; to improve self-efficacy, it is better to start with simpler smaller tasks that can be more readily accomplished what is displacement
transfer of feelings to a less threatening person; When you attribute the action of behavior to another person and you use it as a defense mechanism what is milieu a person's social environment; Physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops what does activity analysis consist of Process of systematically appraising what behaviors and skills are required for participation in a given activity What will doing the activity do to an individual and does the individual possess the skills needed for the activity? Process that involved the systematic application of selected sets of constructs and variables to break down and examine a given activity what is task analysis Breaking down a complex skill into smaller, teachable units; Takes a task and breaks it down step by step into small steps, explaining each single part of the activity. ie tie a shoe/ throw a Frisbee what does leisure consist of and the 3 major aspects self-determined; can be seen as a social instrument: seen as a means to an end; to make change:
- freedom of choice
- intrinsic motivation
- sense of satisfaction
what does problem solving consist of Components include gathering information to identify and evaluate a problem, generating alternatives, choosing solutions, implementing solution strategies, and evaluating strategies' efficacy. In leisure experiences, clients need problem-solving and decision-making skills for self determination. They also need them to cope with stress caused by disabilities/health conditions what does attention span consist of/why is it important The client's attention span can influence the assessment of the other cognitive behaviors to be assessed, because attention is a fundamental skill; if the client is unable to pay attention for long enough to the assessment items or process, the TRS will be unable to complete the assessment and obtain the data needed for establishing baseline levels and planning services. Therefore, clinicians often assess attention span before testing the other cognitive behaviors. what does orientation refer to Orientation refers to whether an individual is aware of basic aspects of reality or not. The standard types of orientation assessed during mental status examinations are orientation to place, orientation to time, and orientation to person. what is safety awareness Is pt aware of dangers/can he take care of himself in public? what are the four behavioral domains cognitive, psycho/social, physical, affective
what does cognitive behavior domain consist of intellectual processes of learning or knowing learning capability; decision making; follows directions, short term memory, problem solving, concentration/attention span, attention to details. what does psycho/social behavior domain consist of psychological & social functioning; Independence, ability to form relationships, frustration tolerance, self concept, evaluate and value oneself. Engagement : 1st phase of social interaction Affect: outward expression of feeling Social appropriateness: manners, etiquette, hygiene, & dress Social anxiety: confidence, competent, appear to be anxious, tense what does physical behavior domain consist of & body parts Activity level: intensity of sensory system & body parts. what does behavioral domains involve Physical functioning in the environment Overall coordination: functioning of sensory system what does affective behavioral domain consist of facial expression, body gesture, self-esteem
involves restating the client's communications for confirmation or denial and correction; reflecting how the client seems to feel; and putting oneself in the client's place the progressive hierarchy of social behaviors ● intra-individual/solitary, e.g. daydreaming; ● extra-individual, e.g. playing Solitaire; ● aggregate interaction, i.e. parallel but not interactive participation in activities in the same environment; ● inter-individual interaction, e.g. 1:1 competition; ● unilateral interaction, i.e. a team of individuals competing against one individual; ● multilateral interaction, i.e. individuals in a group competing equally; ● intragroup interaction, e.g. two or more individuals collaborating on a project; ● intergroup interaction, i.e. two or more groups competing against each other. what does reliability refer to refers to the estimate of the consistency of measurement what does face validity refer to is how much a test intuitively seems on the face of it to measure what is says it does what does content validity refer to is whether the entire area a test intends to measure is covered by the test's content
what does predictive validity refer to is how well a test's scores can predict its scores in a later administration what is concurrent validity is how well a test's scores relate to scores on an established other test/other valid measure given at the same time. what is construct validity is how well a test measure some abstract/hypothetical concept or construct what does practicality/usability consist of can it actually be done in this facility? (think of ease of use, cost, availability, and staff knowledge and ability) what does availability refer to the accessibility and continuity of information. what does self-determination in the therapeutic recreation process focus on? making decisions on one's leisure; self-determination implies two things: an individual in in charge of their life and able to make their own decisions
which therapeutic recreation practice model is designed to help clients recover from a threat to their health and achieve optimal health through participation in prescriptive activity, recreation, and leisure? Health protection/health promotion; overall mission is for patients to have highest levels of health possible: 3 parts prescriptive activity, recreation, and leisure what is purpose of health protection with HP/HP model meeting threat to health by helping people return to equilibrium following injury or disability, and second is assisting persons with chronic illnesses and long-term disabilities to adaptively cope what is purpose of health promotion in HP/HP model help people enjoy the highest or optimal levels of health and well-being that they can achieve in various dimensions which secondary source should a CTRS use for an assessment when unable to collect background from a client who has dementia and expressive aphasia due to a recent cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- medical chart
- cognitive observation
- family reports
- family reports, secondary data sources are sources other than the participant; for example, family members and documents provided by other team members what are the most important tools in RT? observation, interviewing, functional skills
types of questions close-ended and open-ended questions what is duration recording when you are interested in how long a behavior occurs, you record the amount of time that the client displays the behavior. , endurance, length of event, percentage of time that a behavior occurs what is interval recording Indicates how frequently a behavior is displayed during a specified time interval. what is continuous recording When the therapist records both the beginning of the behavior and the end of the behavior Five primary dimensions of diversity that generate the strongest emotional response: ● Race and ethnicity ● Gender ● Physical impairments and qualities ● Sexual Orientation ● Age Secondary characteristics impact judgments about people as further interaction takes place ● Economic status ● Religion ● Military experience ● education ● Geographic location ● Marital status ● Parental status ● Type of job
Diagnosis and Interests in Long Term Care what population is BANDI-RT usually for long term care What is the FACTR-R Functional assessments of Characteristics of TR Assessment what is the FACTR-R used for Initial screening of basic functional skills to determine if a client qualifies for TR services and to identify areas the client is likely to improve from receiving services. Examines functional skills for leisure involvement in 3 areas: 1) Physical
Social/emotional 3) Cognitive what population is the FACTR-R usually used for all (intake) what is FIM functional independence measure
what is the FIM used for Contains 13 motor tasks and 5 cognitive tasks, related to ADL's, Measured on 7 levels - higher number = greater independence what is the free time boredom assessment used for Self-reporting of how someone uses/views free time what is the GAF global assessment of functioning what is the GAF used for used by mental health and social workers, Described in DSM-IV, uses 100 point scale to rate functioning in adults what population is the GAF usually for psychiatric disorders what is the glasgow coma scale used for predicts degree of recovery and severity of TBI. Method for recording the conscious state of a person- used for initial eval and continuing assessment to determine consciousness after head injury. measures
