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CYAF 280 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
What do rules do to a system? - ANSWERregulate and direct them How are rules created? - ANSWERculture, social norms, environment, family Social norms - ANSWERcultural rules that change over time according to environment, time, country, and social class More - ANSWERbased on value to belief of right and wrong going against mores bring social disapproval ex. wearing clothes, not cheating, abortion gender roles - ANSWERcharacteristics, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that society expects of females and males gender stereotype - ANSWERexpectations about how people will look, act, think, and feel based on their sex gender script - ANSWERhow society says someone is supposed to act because of her or his sex sexism - ANSWERan attitude or behavior that discriminates against one sex, usually females, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex Folkway - ANSWERnorms that stem from custom or convention of daily life, mildly enforced ex. holding doors open, not asking people's weight Law - ANSWERrule or system of rules that is established by authority ex. speeding, running stop lights, public nudity Taboo - ANSWERforbidden behavior ex. incest, cheating, abortion Family Rule Paradigm - ANSWERa collection of views held by a community or a specific group all or most have to buy into it explicit rule - ANSWERbeliefs that are recognized and openly talked about implicit rule - ANSWERhidden rules that are not obvious, just the way things are Purpose of rules - ANSWERaccountability, boundaries, distance regulation, responsibility, implementation
Rule sequence - ANSWERpatterns of behavior that repeat and govern or regulate a family system cyclical and promote growth or dysfunction purpose of socialization - ANSWER-establishes our social identity -teaches us role taking -controls our behavior -transmits culture to the next generation privilege - ANSWERa special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group of people sex - ANSWERbiological characteristics that determine whether we are male or female gender identity - ANSWERone's sense of being male or female gender - ANSWERlearned attitudes and behaviors that characterize women and men gender stratification - ANSWERthe unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women sexual harrassment - ANSWERany unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual's employment and creates a hostile work environment instrumental roles - ANSWERhusbands and fathers, real men, protector and provider, breadwinner expressive roles - ANSWERwives and mothers, emotional support, nurturing, warm, comforting, kin keepers characteristics of love - ANSWERself love- focus on friendships that bolster self image, do things to increase self esteem friendship and love- enjoyment, acceptance, trust, respect, support, confiding, understanding, honesty biochemistry of love - ANSWERdopamine release, endorphins, breakups release stress hormones attachment theory - ANSWERthe idea that early attachments with parents and other caregivers can shape relationships for a person's whole life functions of love - ANSWEREnsures human survival Enhances physical and emotional health Improves the quality of life Love is fun!
infidelity - ANSWERsexual- activity outside one's marriage emotional- secrecy and telling someone else things you haven't told your partner infidelity macro reasons - ANSWERpeople live longer more travel and late nights working women are becoming more independent media/technology few legal consequences infidelity micro reasons - ANSWERit's exciting satisfaction self esteem they think they can get away with it revenge wanting to end a marriage manifest functions of dating - ANSWERmaturation, fun and recreation, companionship, love and affection, mate selection latent functions of dating - ANSWERsocialization, social status, fulfillment of ego needs, sexual experimentation and intimacy, big business dating spectrum - ANSWERtraditional dating contemporary dating (casual, hanging out, hooking up) traditional-contemporary combo (stayovers, dinner dates) dating in later life filter theory - ANSWERposits that people sift eligible mates according to specific criteria and thus reduce the pool of potential partners to a small number of candidates (propinquity, appearance, race, social class, religion, age, values) heterogamy - ANSWERdating or marrying someone with social characteristics that differ from your own social exchange theory - ANSWERpeople will begin and remain in a relationship as long as the rewards are higher than the costs trends in marriage - ANSWER-Marrying later -Nearly 90% marry at least once -Fewer marriages staying single, cohabiting, not remarrying -Legalization of same-sex marriage in some places -"Mixed" marriages increasingly common manifest reasons for marriage - ANSWERlove and companionship, children, adult identity, commitment and personal fulfillment latent reasons for marriage - ANSWERsocial legitimacy, social pressure, economic security, rebellion, practical solutions to problems
pre-wedding rituals - ANSWERengagement bridal showers and bachelor parties prenups the wedding Five Marriage Types - ANSWERconflict-habituated- fight but stay together devitalized- lose emotional connection but stay together passive-congenial- little emotional investment and few expectations vital- lives are closely intertwined, spent a lot of time together total- participate in each other's lives at all levels and little tension Gottman's Four Horsemen - ANSWERcriticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling repair attempts - ANSWERin arguments, certain types of bids that are effective in "dialing down" conflict aspects of effective communication - ANSWERcommunication goals self disclosure validation common communication problems - ANSWERnot listening not responding to the issue blaming, nagging scapegoating aggression repression denial coercion or contempt silent treatment how couples deal with conflict - ANSWERaccommodation, compromise, standoff, withdrawal authoritarian parenting - ANSWERstyle of parenting in which parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child permissive parenting - ANSWERstyle of parenting in which parent makes few, if any demands on a child's behavior authoritative parenting - ANSWERparenting style characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making how couples improve communication - ANSWERask for information don't generalize focus on the issue be specific keep it honest
maternal gatekeeping - ANSWERa mother's behavior that encourages or discourages a father's involvement in family matters uninvolved parenting - ANSWERneither warmth nor control types of discipline - ANSWERverbal punishment corporal- physical effective discipline - ANSWERremove temptations redirect attention set a good example be consistent and have simple rules explain the issue time out take away privileges types of intimate partner violence - ANSWERPhysical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse Prevalence and severity of IPV - ANSWER37% of women and 31% of men in US characteristics of abusive households - ANSWERwomen's income and education is higher cohabitation different race violent as teens parents who were abusive low income man is younger than 35 alcohol and drugs socially isolated cycle of domestic violence - ANSWERPhase 1: tension building phase. Phase 2: the acute battering incident phase. Phase 3: the calm or "honeymoon" phase. why partners stay - ANSWERlow self esteem belief abuser will change economic hardship need for child support shame or guilt blaming themselves fear types of child maltreatment - ANSWERphysical abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse Prevalence and Characteristics of Child Maltreatment - ANSWERdecreased from 1990-2012, but then began to increase
Polyvictimization - ANSWERexperiencing multiple kinds of victimization why do they elder abuse? - ANSWERliving arrangements low social support alcohol abuse impairment of the caregiver or care recipient dependence on the caregiver finances personality social exchange theory- abuse - ANSWERboth assailants and victims tolerate or engage in violent behavior because they believe the benefits outweigh the costs grooming - ANSWERThe process used by predators to gain the trust of victims and to build false relationships
- ANSWER Why do adults abuse children? - ANSWERSubstance abuse Stress Economic conditions Partner violence Divorce Learned behavior Sexual orientation Parent as they were parented Lack of parenting skills Sibling abuse - ANSWERname calling and ridicule degradation intimidation torturing or killing a pet destroying personal possessions sexual abuse elder mistreatment - ANSWERa single or repeated act, or failing to do something, by a caregiver that results in harm or a risk of harm to an older person victims of elder abuse - ANSWERwomen, white, over 76, chronic disease, dementia, socially isolated, mental illness, low incomes abusers of elders - ANSWERadult children, spouses, or other family members
