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CYAF 382 EXAM GUIDE CORRECT
Ecological Systems Theory systems - ANSWER-Microsystem -Mesosystem -Exosystem -Macrosystem -Chronosytem Permissive /indulgent - ANSWER-high on warmth/responsiveness, low on control -Generally warm and loving, but avoid controlling children and may place few demands or limits on them. Permissive /neglectful - ANSWER-low on warmth, low on control -Few demands or little control on their children, but lack warmth and nurturing and display indifference to their children. Microsystem (1st level) - ANSWER-Your direct influences -The close others and immediate environments of the child, directly involving the child. Mesosystem (2nd level) - ANSWER-Influences of your relationships in the microsystem -Connections between immediate people/environments Exosystem (3rd level) - ANSWER-Your indirect influences -Comprised of those settings that indirectly influence the child via impact on a microsystem. Macrosystem (4th level) - ANSWER-Your sociocultural influences -Underlying ideological and cultural influences. Chronosystem (5th level) - ANSWER-Your time influences Funds of Knowledge - ANSWER-Knowledge can be gained from traditions, culture, and life experiences Parenting styles - ANSWER-Authoritative -Authoritarian -Permissive/indulgent -Permissive/neglectful Authoritative - ANSWER-High on warmth, high on control. Warm to children but set boundaries Authoritarian - ANSWER-low on warmth, high on control/demandingness
Family structures - ANSWER-single -extended -divorced -blended -kinship -transracial adoption Single family - ANSWER-Most are headed by single mothers. -Now single parenthood due to divorce or choosing to have children outside of marriage/ without a cohabiting partner. Extended family - ANSWER-Nuclear + other family member -Often multigenerational Divorced family - ANSWER-parental separation, loss of an attachment figure. Blended family - ANSWER-Adults are married/ cohabiting, with adult(s) bringing children from a previous relationship. Kinship care - ANSWER-when grandparent/other relative has temporary or permanent legal guardianship Transracial adoption - ANSWER-adoption where a child of one race or culture is placed with a family from a different race or culture Habitudes - ANSWER-unexamined attitudes/preconceptions of cultural traits, because preconceived notions may be inaccurate. Cultural deficit model - ANSWER-negative view of families from certain cultures, believing that they lack abilities, compared to dominant culture Latino/a/x/e - ANSWER-individuals who are of Central or South American descent Hispanic - ANSWER-individuals who are from Spanish speaking countries Effects of poverty - ANSWER-Children: cognitive delays, lowered math and reading scores, poor health, school absenteeism, lowered educational attainment. -Low levels of parental education are a risk factor for poverty, but poverty is a risk factor for obtaining lower levels of education. Homelessness - ANSWER-People sharing housing of other persons, living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, camping grounds, living in emergency or transitional shelters. -People living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus/train stations. -Extremely stressful situation, characterized by risk and uncertainty. Characteristics of culture - ANSWER1) Culture is learned.
-Poverty is a chronic and debilitating condition that results from multiple adverse risk factors and affects the mind, body, and soul. Chronic Illness - ANSWER-illness that lasts for more than 3 months, affects the person's normal activities, and may require ongoing medical attention. Risk - ANSWER-any condition or factor that puts a person in jeopardy of failure -Example: many transitions and changes, substance abuse, domestic and community violence, poverty, physical and mental illness Resilience - ANSWER-the ability to cope with, adapt to, and prevail over adversity Protective factors - ANSWER-conditions that negate or oppose negative outcomes Gangs - ANSWER-Gang activity has increased in rural and small cities, children in gangs range from 5-17. -Reasons why some join gangs:
- a sense of belonging: fulfill a sense of family, acceptance, and encouragement.
- safety: belief of power in numbers, and for protection from community violence.
- respect and power: respect among gang members and a sense of power among peers.
- financial gain: make money through lucrative drug trade.
- absent parents/ incarcerated parents. Family Systems Theory - ANSWERa theory that views the family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and unstated rules Family Systems Theory - ANSWER-"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" -Boundaries or limits -Bonding or buffering -Rituals or traditions -Rules and goals -Roles and Hierarchical structure -Dynamic change -Self-regulation Boundaries or limits - ANSWER-Has a balance between open and closed boundaries - establishing boundaries helps define a family as a unit -Boundaries may be behavioral and/or emotional Bonding - ANSWER-process of drawing close together and operating as a unit. Enmeshed - ANSWER-overconnected without enough buffering. Disengaged - ANSWER-buffering without much connection. (feels like emotional distance in the family). Cutoff relationships - ANSWER-no physical or emotional contact.
Rules and goals - ANSWERrules- sense of place in the world, how you define yourself (protector, nurturer) goals- stronger connection when partners share deepest personal goals with eachother Roles and Hierarchical structure - ANSWER-adults/parents in a position of power, making the important decisions and guiding the children's conduct. Dynamic change - ANSWER-morphogenesis (change) and morphostasis (stability). -Homeostasis - balance between change and stability. Family Empowerment Model - ANSWER-Children are best supported in their development when community resources and parents work together. -Community partners will work best with parents when parents are treated with respect and viewed as important resources to the child. Buffering - ANSWER-allowing for space, privacy, and healthy distance between family members.
