Computer Architecture and Microprocessor
UNIT-1 14 Hours
Basic Structures of Computers: Computer types; Functional Units – Input unit, Memory unit, Arithmetic and logic
unit, Output unit, Control Unit; Basic operational concepts; Bus structures; Multiprocessor and Multicomputer.
Storage Representation: Storage representation of characters; Memory locations and addresses – Byte addressability;
Memory operation.
Addressing modes: Direct, Indirect, Immediate, Relative, Indexed.
Instruction formats: Zero address, one address, One-and-half address, Two address, Three address.
Instruction types: Data transfer, Arithmetic, Branching, Logical, Rotate, Stack operations, Input / Output and Machine
control instructions.
Input/output Organization: Accessing Input/output devices; Interrupts; Direct Memory Access (DMA)-Block diagram
of DMA Controller, cycle stealing, Burst mode.
Buses – Synchronous bus, Asynchronous bus; Interface circuits – Parallel port, Serial port.
Unit – 2 14 Hours
Memory System: Basic concept; Random Access Memories – Static RAM, Asynchronous DRAMs, Synchronous
DRAMs; Read Only Memories – PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory; Cache Memory; Virtual memories;
Secondary storage – Magnetic hard disks, Optical disks.
Introduction to Microprocessor, assembly language, 8085 Microprocessor architecture, Pin diagram, introduction to 8085
instruction set, assembly language programming.
Unit – 3 14 Hours
Programming technology of 8085 with additional instructions, counters and time delays, stacks and subroutine, interfacing
peripherals (I/Os) and applications. Interrupts, keyboard interfacing.
Introduction to 8086, advantages over 8085, additional features of 8086, modified addressing schemes.
Reference Books:
1. Computer organization by Carl Hamacher, Z.Varnesic and S.Zaky 5th Edition ,Mc Graw Hill,2002.
