Advanced data structures
Trees:
A tree is a hierarchical data structure in which each node has a parent node (except for the root
node) and zero or more child nodes. There are many different types of trees, but binary trees
are among the most commonly used. In a binary tree, each node has at most two child nodes.
Here's an example of a binary tree:
In this binary tree, the root node is 4, and it has two child nodes, 2 and 5. Node 2 has two child
nodes, 1 and 3, and node 5 has two child nodes, 6 and 7. Trees are used in many applications,
such as hierarchical file systems, decision trees in machine learning, and XML parsing.
Graphs:
A graph is a collection of vertices (or nodes) and edges that connect them. Graphs are used to
represent complex systems or relationships, such as social networks, transportation networks,
and electrical circuits. Here's an example of a graph:
4
2
1 3
5
6 7
