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Biology 1110 Review: Principles of Biology and Chemistry - Prof. Robert E. Reeder, Exams of Biology

A comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts in biology and chemistry for students enrolled in biol 1110. Topics covered include the definition of biology and life, characteristics of life, evolution, taxonomy, scientific method, atomic structure, electron configuration, chemical bonding, and major nutrients. Students are encouraged to study this document to prepare for exams, quizzes, and assignments.

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/19/2009

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BIO1110-TEST-1-REVIEW.REEDER 6/20/07
BIOL 1110 REEDER
TEST #1 REVIEW
Definition of Biology and Life
cellular structures with self-replicative capability
5 Characteristics of Life
1) Organization
Chemical level: atoms to compounds
Origins of Life: Oparin-Haldane Theory
(unique and repeated spontaneous generation)
Miller-Urey Experiment
Biological level: cells to organ systems
2) Responsiveness and awareness to environmental stimuli as well as integration and control
3) Metabolism
chemical reactions and energy processing
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
4) Reproduction
Programmed pattern in life cycle: significant to survival and species continuation
Heredity: DNA
Sexual (source of genetic variation) and asexual
5) Evolutionary Theory: Darwin and Wallace
“Descent with modifications” through time undirected
simple to the complex progression of life forms
Mutation and recombination as sources for change
Natural Selection leading to adaptation
(interaction of genetic material and environmental stimuli)
significance to reproductive capability
niches
“Survival of the Fittest”
Evidence for evolution: Paleontology, embryology, comparative anatomy, biogeography, molecular biology and
genetics, geology
First Life forms: 4 billion years ago
Characteristics: prokaryotic, anaerobic, heterotrophic, aquatic, bacteria-like
Taxonomy (Linnaeus)
8 principal taxa
6 Kingdom scheme: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria: formerly Monera or Prokaryotae, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Species: definition
Binomial nomenclature: Genus species comprises the scientific name
Bacteria: strains
classification based on morphology (external and internal), behavior, and phylogeny
Exception to life’s characteristic
Viruses
The Scientific Method
Hypothesis, Theory, Law
Empirical: definition
Two types of Reasoning
Induction v. Deduction
Definitions of:
element, atom, molecule, compound
Subatomic particles and their characteristics: protons, neutrons, and electrons
significance of valence electrons to chemical properties and reactions
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Download Biology 1110 Review: Principles of Biology and Chemistry - Prof. Robert E. Reeder and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOL 1110 REEDER

TEST #1 REVIEW

Definition of Biology and Life cellular structures with self-replicative capability

5 Characteristics of Life

  1. Organization Chemical level: atoms to compounds Origins of Life: Oparin-Haldane Theory (unique and repeated spontaneous generation) Miller-Urey Experiment Biological level: cells to organ systems
  2. Responsiveness and awareness to environmental stimuli as well as integration and control
  3. Metabolism chemical reactions and energy processing Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
  4. Reproduction Programmed pattern in life cycle: significant to survival and species continuation Heredity: DNA Sexual (source of genetic variation) and asexual
  5. Evolutionary Theory: Darwin and Wallace “Descent with modifications” through time undirected simple to the complex progression of life forms Mutation and recombination as sources for change Natural Selection leading to adaptation (interaction of genetic material and environmental stimuli) significance to reproductive capability niches “Survival of the Fittest” Evidence for evolution: Paleontology, embryology, comparative anatomy, biogeography, molecular biology and genetics, geology

First Life forms: 4 billion years ago Characteristics: prokaryotic, anaerobic, heterotrophic, aquatic, bacteria-like

Taxonomy (Linnaeus) 8 principal taxa 6 Kingdom scheme: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria: formerly Monera or Prokaryotae, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Species: definition Binomial nomenclature: Genus species comprises the scientific name Bacteria: strains classification based on morphology (external and internal), behavior, and phylogeny

Exception to life’s characteristic Viruses

The Scientific Method Hypothesis, Theory, Law

Empirical: definition

Two types of Reasoning Induction v. Deduction

Definitions of: element, atom, molecule, compound

Subatomic particles and their characteristics: protons, neutrons, and electrons significance of valence electrons to chemical properties and reactions

Use of the Periodic Chart Atomic number, symbol, atomic weight Calculating numbers of protons, neutrons

Isotope, Radioactive isotope Definitions and examples

Electron configuration in the atom Bohr Model Shells, or energy levels, subshells, and orbitals (clouds) Subshells (s, p, d, f)

Overlap and its significance Location of first overlap: 3p to 4s

Moving to higher or lower shells and relationship to energy (ground state, “excited” state, quantum)

Octet Rule and Stability Valence: donate, accept, or sharing in the valence shell (outermost) Inert or Noble gases Atoms with 2 or more shells: can hold no more than eight electrons in its valence shell

Significance of Chemical Bonding stability achieved, formation of compounds and molecules

Characteristics of each type of bonds Ionic Metals and nonmetals: metals lose, nonmetals gain Electrolytes Acids, base, salts: most inorganics are ionic uniqueness of water: covalent bonding in a water molecule and hydrogen bonds between one water molecule and another Electronegativity Dissociation Ionization Covalent: organic cpds. sharing between nonmetals: number of electrons shared is equal, attraction for my vary (polar and nonpolar) Polarity: definition Hydrogen Significance to water’s properties Electronegativity: O, N atoms typically involved

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in Bonding and Energy Use Significance with organics in transferring energy Oxidants and reductants Gaseous oxygen (O 2 ): chief oxidizing agent (is reduced via redox)

Contrast Organic and Inorganic Compounds Organic: C with H, covalent, many atoms involved, large in size, isomers common, associated with the living Inorganic: Lacks C with H, typically ionic, few atoms, small size, isomers rare, nonliving

Six Major Nutrients to Life