

Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
A comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts in biology and chemistry for students enrolled in biol 1110. Topics covered include the definition of biology and life, characteristics of life, evolution, taxonomy, scientific method, atomic structure, electron configuration, chemical bonding, and major nutrients. Students are encouraged to study this document to prepare for exams, quizzes, and assignments.
Typology: Exams
1 / 3
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Definition of Biology and Life cellular structures with self-replicative capability
5 Characteristics of Life
First Life forms: 4 billion years ago Characteristics: prokaryotic, anaerobic, heterotrophic, aquatic, bacteria-like
Taxonomy (Linnaeus) 8 principal taxa 6 Kingdom scheme: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria: formerly Monera or Prokaryotae, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Species: definition Binomial nomenclature: Genus species comprises the scientific name Bacteria: strains classification based on morphology (external and internal), behavior, and phylogeny
Exception to life’s characteristic Viruses
The Scientific Method Hypothesis, Theory, Law
Empirical: definition
Two types of Reasoning Induction v. Deduction
Definitions of: element, atom, molecule, compound
Subatomic particles and their characteristics: protons, neutrons, and electrons significance of valence electrons to chemical properties and reactions
Use of the Periodic Chart Atomic number, symbol, atomic weight Calculating numbers of protons, neutrons
Isotope, Radioactive isotope Definitions and examples
Electron configuration in the atom Bohr Model Shells, or energy levels, subshells, and orbitals (clouds) Subshells (s, p, d, f)
Overlap and its significance Location of first overlap: 3p to 4s
Moving to higher or lower shells and relationship to energy (ground state, “excited” state, quantum)
Octet Rule and Stability Valence: donate, accept, or sharing in the valence shell (outermost) Inert or Noble gases Atoms with 2 or more shells: can hold no more than eight electrons in its valence shell
Significance of Chemical Bonding stability achieved, formation of compounds and molecules
Characteristics of each type of bonds Ionic Metals and nonmetals: metals lose, nonmetals gain Electrolytes Acids, base, salts: most inorganics are ionic uniqueness of water: covalent bonding in a water molecule and hydrogen bonds between one water molecule and another Electronegativity Dissociation Ionization Covalent: organic cpds. sharing between nonmetals: number of electrons shared is equal, attraction for my vary (polar and nonpolar) Polarity: definition Hydrogen Significance to water’s properties Electronegativity: O, N atoms typically involved
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in Bonding and Energy Use Significance with organics in transferring energy Oxidants and reductants Gaseous oxygen (O 2 ): chief oxidizing agent (is reduced via redox)
Contrast Organic and Inorganic Compounds Organic: C with H, covalent, many atoms involved, large in size, isomers common, associated with the living Inorganic: Lacks C with H, typically ionic, few atoms, small size, isomers rare, nonliving
Six Major Nutrients to Life