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Organic Chemistry
Determining Degrees of
Unsaturation
Degrees of Unsaturation from Structure
A degree of unsaturation corresponds to a
deficiency of 2H from a molecule.
Double Bond = 1 Unsaturation
Ring = 1 Unsaturation
Triple Bond = 2 Unsaturations
O
O
N
N
Degrees of Unsaturation from Structure Degrees of Unsaturation from Formula
1) Formula containing carbon and hydrogen only.
# Unsaturations = Saturated # of H – Unsaturated # of H 2
Saturated # of H: CnH2n+
Ex: C 8 H 10
Degrees of Unsaturation from Formula
2) Formula containing halogens.
- Add 1H for each halogen present # Unsaturations = Saturated # of H – Unsaturated # of H 2
Ex: C 6 H 10 Cl 2
Degrees of Unsaturation from Formula
3) Formula containing nitrogen.
- Subtract 1H for each nitrogen present # Unsaturations = Saturated # of H – Unsaturated # of H 2
Ex: C 5 H 11 N
Degrees of Unsaturation from Formula
4) Formula containing oxygen.
- Just ignore the oxygen # Unsaturations = Saturated # of H – Unsaturated # of H 2
Ex: C 10 H 18 O 2
Combined Example # Unsaturations = Saturated # of H – Unsaturated # of H 2
Ex: C 8 H 7 NOBr 2 NH^2
O
Br Br
