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Herpes |labialis |- |correct |answer |✔Can |be |transmitted |by |direct |or |indirect |contact; |can |be |recurrent
Secondary |syphilis |- |correct |answer |✔Oval |shaped |red |rash |in |mouth; |elevated |lesion |covered |by |grayish |white |membranes
Tuberculosis |- |correct |answer |✔May |be |infected |but |no |symptoms, |if |symptomatic |could |include: |tiredness, |loss |of |weight, |deep |cough, |night |sweats; |Vaccine |available, |but |not |approved |in |US
Chicken |Pox |- |correct |answer |✔Can |be |transmitted |by |saliva, |droplet, |or |air |borne
Infectious |Mononucleosis |- |correct |answer |✔Symptoms |include |rash, |welts, |swollen |lymph |nodes, |sore |throat, |fatigue
Syphilis: |Stage |1, |Primary |Chancre |- |correct |answer |✔Pathogen: |treponema |pallidum, |transmitted |by |direct |contact |with |lesion
Tertiary |syphilis: |Stage | 3 |- |correct |answer |✔Occurs |~10 |years |after |exposure
Infectious |Parotitis |(Mumps |- |correct |answer |✔can |be |prevented |by |vaccination
Herpetic |whitlow |- |correct |answer |✔Transmitted |by |direct |or |indirect |contact |with |lesions; |incision |and |drainage |should |be |avoided
Shingles |(Herpes |Zoster) |- |correct |answer |✔unilateral |lesions; |can |be |painful |and |cause |numbness
Acute |Herpetic |Gingivostomatitis |- |correct |answer |✔Symptoms |include |fatigue, |irritability, |headache, |fever: |symptoms |mild |to |severe |in |children
Fifth |Disease |(Erythemia |Infectiosum) |- |correct |answer |✔Pathogen: |parvovirus |B19; |contagious |before |rash |develops
Cytomegalovirus |- |correct |answer |✔Not |highly |contagious, |can |be |transmitted |by |any |body |fluids, |can |cause |problems |with |motor |skills
Hepatitis |- |correct |answer |✔Symptoms |can |include: |headaches, |GI |upset, |fatigue
In | 2014 |over |11,000 |people |died |from |Ebola |disease |in |what |part |of |the |world? |- |correct |answer |✔Western |Africa
New |infectious |disease |that |have |not |been |recognized |before |are |referred |to |as: |- |correct |answer |✔emerging |diseases
Dental |plaque |is |best |defined |as: |- |correct |answer |✔a |microbial |mass
Oral |biofilm |(dental |plaque) |is: |- |correct |answer |✔a |microbial |mass |that |accumulates |in |the |absence |of |oral |hygiene
A |hepatitis |B |carrier |is: |- |correct |answer |✔HBsAg-positive
A |percutaneous |route |of |exposure |to |an |infectious |agent |means |that |exposure |occurred: |- |correct |answer |✔through |the |skin
A |vaccine |is |available |for |which |of |the |following |types |of |hepatitis? |- |correct |answer |✔Hepatitis |B |and |hepatitis |A
HIV-disease |is |not |spread: |- |correct |answer |✔by |inhalation
The |best |way |for |you |to |avoid |contracting |a |bloodborne |disease |in |the |office |is |to: |- |correct |answer |✔handle |sharps |carefully
The |vaccine |for |hepatitis |B |also |protects |against: |- |correct |answer |✔hepatitis |D
Which |of |the |following |forms |of |hepatitis |is |not |bloodborne? |- |correct |answer |✔A
A |person |infected |with |HIV |can |have |the |virus |present |in |saliva. |- |correct |answer |✔True
A |dental |hygienist |is |running |behind |schedule |and |hurriedly |removes |contaminated |instruments |from |the |ultrasonic |cleaning |unit. |A |contaminated |instrument |tip |punctures |her |finger |through |her |latex |glove. |These |instruments |had |been |used |on |her |previous |client |who |is |HIV-positive. |Immediately, |the |hygienist |removes |her |gloves |and |sees |a |small |spot |of |blood |forming |on |the |pad |of |her |middle |finger |where |the |puncture |occurred.
Which |of |the |following |pathways |of |cross-contamination |is |depicted |in |this |case? |- |correct |answer |✔Patient |to |DHCP |(dental |health |care |professional)
The |manufacturing |of |medical |devices |like |sterilizers |is |regulated |by |what |US |agency? |- |correct |answer |✔FDA
Use |of |high-volume |evacuation, |preprocedure |mouthrinsing, |and |_______________ |are |designed |to |reduce |the |spread |of |patient's |microbes |in |dental |aerosols |and |spatter. |- |correct |answer |✔the |rubber |dam
Wearing |gloves |when |treating |a |patient |prevents |which |of |the |following |modes |of |entry |of |the |patient's |microbes |into |your |body? |- |correct |answer |✔Percutaneous |through |breaks |in |the |skin
CDC's |Bloodborne |Pathogens |Standard |recommends |the |development |of |a |written |program |to |maintain |occupational |health |for |dental |workers |that |include |medical |conditions |and |work |restriction, |immunizations, |postexposure |medical |evaluations |and: |- |correct |answer |✔immunizations
What |infection |prevention |element |provides |protection |to |both |patients |and |the |dental |team? |- |correct |answer |✔The |dental |team |being |immunized |against |hepatitis
What |is |the |least |safe |procedure? |- |correct |answer |✔Hand-scrubbing |contaminated |instruments
What |office |safety |element |provides |protection |to |the |dental |team |but |not |patients? |- |correct |answer |✔The |dental |team's |understanding |of |the |Hazard |Communication |Standard
Who |should |be |involved |in |creating |a |safety |culture |in |a |dental |facility? |- |correct |answer |✔Everyone |in |the |facility
A |dental |assistant |was |an |asymptomatic |carrier |of |hepatitis |B. |What |happens |when |she |receives |the |hepatitis |B |vaccination |series? |- |correct |answer |✔The |vaccine |will |not |work |and |she'll |remain |a |carrier
How |many |shots |are |required |for |with |the |hepatitis |B |vaccine? |- |correct |answer |✔Three
A |vaccine |is |available |in |the |US |against |human |immunodeficiency |virus |disease. |- |correct |answer |✔False
A |vaccine |is |available |in |the |US |against |pneumococcal |pneumonia. |- |correct |answer |✔True
After |persons |have |received |the |hepatitis |B |vaccination |series, |they |must |be |given |a |booster |shot |every | 5 |years |to |maintain |their |immunity. |- |correct |answer |✔False
Mode |of |Spread |- |correct |answer |✔direct |contact, |indirect |contact |(fomite), |droplet |infection, |or |airborne |infection
Portal |of |Entry |- |correct |answer |✔the |way |in |which |the |agents |get |into |a |persons |body; |inhalation, |ingestion, |mucous |membranes, |or |broken |skin
Susceptible |Host |- |correct |answer |✔the |person |at |risk |due |to |many |factors |such |as |age, |poor |nutrition, |poorly |updating |immunizations, |illness, |cuts/breaks |in |skin, |etc..
Standard |Precautions |- |correct |answer |✔Precautions |that |apply |to |all |patients;
It |integrates |and |expands |the |Universal |Precautions |to |include |organisms |spread |by |blood, |and |also |body |fluids, |secretions, |excretions |except |sweat, |non-intact |skin, |and |mucous |membranes.
Hand |Hygiene |- |correct |answer |✔1. |Handwashing
- |Antiseptic |Handwash
- |Alchold |Based |Handrub
- |Surgical |antisepsis
Handwashing |- |correct |answer |✔washing |hands |with |plain |soap |and |water
Antiseptic |handwash |- |correct |answer |✔Washing |hands |with |water |and |soap |or |other |detergents |containing |an |antiseptic |agent
Alcohol-based |handrub |- |correct |answer |✔Rubbing |hands |with |an |alcohol-containing |preparation
Surgical |antisepsis |- |correct |answer |✔Handwashing |with |an |antiseptic |soap |or |an |alcohol-based |handrub |before |operations |by |surgical |personnel
Irritant |contact |dermatitis |- |correct |answer |✔Nonimmunological |irritation |of |the |skin
from |nonlatex |chemicals |in |the |gloves
Hands |become |dry, |reddened, |itchy, |or |even |cracked
Allergic |contact |dermatitis |- |correct |answer |✔Four |types |of |immunological
hypersensitivities |(allergies) |occur |(I |to |IV)
May |result |from |allergy |to |chemicals |used |in |glove |manufacturing
Stages |of |Infectious |Disease |- |correct |answer |✔1. |Incubation
Critical |Objects |- |correct |answer |✔objects |which |enter |normally |sterile |tissue |or |the |vascular |system |and |require |sterilization
Semi-critical |Objects |- |correct |answer |✔objects |that |contact |mucous |membranes
or |non-intact |skin |and |require |high-level |disinfection, |which |kills |all |but |high-levels |of |bacterial |spores
Non-critical |Objects |- |correct |answer |✔objects |that |contact |intact |skin |but |not
mucous |membranes, |and |require |low-level |disinfection
Order |of |Resistance |- |correct |answer |✔Hardest |to |easiest |to |kill:
- |Prions |(Creutzfeldt-Jakob |Disease |(CJD), |mad |cow |disease)
- |Spores |(C. |difficile)
- |Mycobacteria |(Tb)
- |Non-enveloped |viruses |(norovirus)
- |Fungi |(Candida)
- |Vegetative |bacteria |(MRSA, |VRE)
- |Enveloped |viruses |(HIV, |HBV)
FDA |- |correct |answer |✔regulates |sterilants
EPA |- |correct |answer |✔regulates |disinfectants
Cleaning |Instruments |- |correct |answer |✔Automated |vs. |Manual:
Automated- |Washer-disinfector/Instrument |washer
|Ultrasonic |cleaner
Manual- |Scrubbing |by |hand
3 |Types |of |Sterilization |- |correct |answer |✔1. |Steam |Sterilization
- |Chemical |Vapor |Sterilization
- |Dry |Heat |Sterilization
Steam |Sterilization |- |correct |answer |✔involves |heating |water |to |generate
steam |in |a |closed |chamber, |producing |a |moist |heat |that |rapidly |kills |microorganisms
examples: |Steam |under |pressure |(autoclaving)
- |Gravity |displacement
- |Pre-vacuum |
- |Steam-Statium
- |Limitations-must |incubate |for | 2 |days |to |get |results
- |Frequency-1 |time |a |week
Biological |Monitor |Spores |- |correct |answer |✔Steam |(Autoclaves) |- |Geobacillus
stearothermophilus
Dry |heat |- |B. |atrophaeus |(formerly |B.
subtilis)
Ethylene |oxide |(ETO) |- |B. |atrophaeus
Mr. |Sams |ate |at |Crabby's |Corner |Restaurant. |After |about | 3 |weeks, |he |started |to |run |a |fever, |feel |tired, |nauseated, |and |he |began |to |develop |a |yellow |tint |to |his |skin. |Doctors |traced |his |illness |back |to |the |restaurant |at |which |he |had |eaten. |Mr. |Sams |most |likely |had: |- |correct |answer |✔Hepatitis |A
The |incubation |stage |of |an |infectious |disease |occurs: |- |correct |answer |✔after |contamination |and |before |symptoms |appear
The |infectious |disease |that |has |historically |posed |the |most |serious |threat |to |DHCP |is: |- |correct |answer |✔Hep |B
Which |of |the |following |diseases |is |considered |a |chronic |infection? |- |correct |answer |✔Hepatitis |B |carrier |state
In |the |development |of |infectious |disease, |which |step |follows |the |spread |of |a |microorganism |to |a |new |person? |- |correct |answer |✔Entry |of |the |microorganism |into |the |person
What |is |the |most |significant |source |of |infectious |disease |in |the |dental |office? |- |correct |answer |✔Patient's |mouth
The |convalescent |stage |of |infectious |disease |is |characterized |by |the |appearance |of |early |symptoms. |Patients |in |the |convalescent |stage |of |disease |are |not |contagious. |- |correct |answer |✔Both |statements |are |false.
The |convalescent |stage |of |disease |is |characterized |as |the |recovery |stage. |Pathogens |are |present |and |may |be |spread |to |others |during |each |stage |of |disease, |including |the |convalescent |stage.
In |the |dental |office, |the |spread |of |infectious |disease |does |not |usually |originate |from |patients |in |which |stage |of |disease? |- |correct |answer |✔Acute
A |fomite |is |present |in |which |mode |of |disease |transmission? |- |correct |answer |✔Indirect |contact
Artificial |immunizations |inoculate |with |each |of |the |following |except |one. |Which |is |the |exception? |- |correct |answer |✔Active |toxin |of |the |microorganism
Which |immune |response |is |cell-mediated? |- |correct |answer |✔Contact |dermatitis
Infectious |disease |is |the |__________ |leading |cause |of |death |in |the |United |States. |- |correct |answer |✔third
Which |type |of |disease |evolves |and |transforms |from |a |known |infectious |disease? |- |correct |answer |✔Emerging
Which |disease |has |more |than |one |origin |of |emergence? |- |correct |answer |✔Hepatitis |B |and |C
Which |rodent-spread |viral |disease |entails |high |fever |and |internal |bleeding? |- |correct |answer |✔Korean |hemorrhagic |fever
Which |insect |vector |caused |the |emergence |of |Rift |Valley |fever? |- |correct |answer |✔Mosquitoes
Which |is |not |responsible |for |the |emergence |of |an |infectious |disease? |- |correct |answer |✔Economic |changes
Human |demographics |contribute |to |the |spread |of |which |disease? |- |correct |answer |✔Tuberculosis
Which |mode |of |transportation |is |implicated |in |the |spread |of |cholera? |- |correct |answer |✔Cargo |ship
Severe |acute |respiratory |syndrome |(SARS) |originated |in |which |country? |- |correct |answer |✔China
Which |contaminated |food |item |has |produced |the |largest |number |of |Escherichia |coli |outbreaks? |- |correct |answer |✔Ground |beef
Diphtheria |is |rarely |contracted |in |the |United |States |because |of |which |public |health |program? |- |correct |answer |✔Vaccination
Which |infectious |agent |causes |cryptosporidiosis? |- |correct |answer |✔Protozoa
Which |is |not |a |symptom |of |Ebola |hemorrhagic |fever? |- |correct |answer |✔Diarrhea
