Download Two-Stage Extraction Technique and Immediate Dentures: Types, Instructions, and Care and more Exams Dentistry in PDF only on Docsity!
Restorative dentistry
-Incisal guidance angle -Saggital condylar guidance angle These two angles together are known as Christensen's phenomenon - What two anatomical features determine the protrusive movement of the mandible? and what is the name for when these two angles are put together? Bone below retromolar pad Denture should cover 1/2 to 2/3 of this - What area of the mandible is resistant to bone resorption and how much of this should the denture cover? 4x faster - How much faster does the anterior mandible resorb relative to the maxilla? 3-6 months after extraction - When is alveolar resorption the fastest after extraction? Resorbs lingually- a more class 3 skeletal pattern - Which aspect of the mandible resorbs the most? And what effect does this have on the skeletal pattern? In the most superior anterior position of the glenoid fossa - How are the condyles positioned in the glenoid fossa in centric relation?
This is when the incisive angle and the cuspal angles of the teeth add up to equal the condylar guidance angle - Describe Christensen's phenomenon When a previous partial denture is used and converted to a full denture - What is a transitional denture? Both anterior and posterior teeth are extracted and an immediate denture is placed in same session - What is a one-stage extraction technique? Either: -Extract posterior teeth and allow 3 months to heal (with no immediate denture) then extract anteriors and place immediate -Extract posterior teeth and immediate denture placement and wait for healing. Then extract anterior teeth and add to the immediate denture - What is a two-stage extraction technique? -Fully flanged -Part flanged -Open face (socketed) - Name the types of immediate dentures Secondary impression stage - Which stage is missed out in construction of immediate dentures? -Patient to wear for first 24 hours to protect blood clot -To be seen again by dentist in 24 hours - What are some post-op instructions for immediate dentures?
-Average value -Semi adjustable (Acron= condylar element fixed to lowe platform; Non-acron= condylar sphere is part of upper member) -Fully adjustable - Name the types of articulators 30 degrees - What is the saggital condylar guidance angle in an average value articulator? Pantograph - What is the name of the recording of mandibular border movements? The relation of the maxilla to the hinge axis of rotation of the mandible - What does a facebow record? -Kinematic -Average axis (most commonly used) - Name the types of face bows and which is commonly used? roughly 43mm above the edge of the lateral incisors - Where does the anterior reference point of the face bow sit? -Non-toxic/irritant -Easy to use -Removes organic and inorganic debris -Not detrimental to the denture -Low cost -Bactericidal, fungicidal, viricidal -Low abrasion -
What are some ideal properties of a good denture cleaning material? Causes bleaching of the denture Can also cause fracture lines in the denture - Why should you not soak acrylic dentures in boiling water? Occlusal problem - What is the most likely problem when there is diffuse pain from a denture? -Weakened/loosened/lost clasps -Under extended -Bone resorption -Poor saliva flow (age, medication) - What can cause poor retention in a partial denture? Fabrication of a single crown when adjustments are to be made intraorally - When can a simple hinge articulator be used? Reduces the retention of dentures- will not improve May need implant retained dentures in lowers, or use of adhesive - Why is dry mouth relevant when constructing dentures? -Medication -Irradiation -Sjogren's syndrome -Undiagnosed diabetes -Dehydration -Pyschological
Remove the affected teeth in the lower, replace with wax and re-record jaw relation - What can you do in the wax try-in stage of a full denture if the upper is perfect, but the lower has a premature contact on one side? Reline= resurface the fitting side of a denture with a new material Rebase= replace ALL of the base material of a denture - What is the difference between relining and rebasing? Inlay is an intra-coronal restoration Onlay is similar but replaces one or multiple cusps - What is the difference between an inlay and an onlay? -Gold alloy -Resin-based composite -Ceramics -Zirconium oxide - What materials are inlays/onlays made from? Onlay - What would be the restoration option if 1/3rd to 1/2 of the crown structure is lost? Crown - What would be the restoration option if >2/3 of the crown structure is lost? The core must be made of composite. This is because amalgam has poor bonding properties Also, there must be sound tooth tissue around all of the margins -
When creating a core before an onlay preparation, what material must this core be made of and why? Panavia or V5 - Which resin-cements can be used to stick a composite onlay? -All metal -All ceramic -Metal-ceramic (most commonly used today) - What are the three classifications of bridge materials offered? The part of a fixed bridge which fixes onto the abutment tooth - What is a bridge retainer? The artificial tooth that replaces a missing tooth - What is a bridge pontic? An abutment tooth that lies between two pontics in the middle of a long-span bridge - What is a bridge pier?
- Resin retained bridge
- Conventional bridge -Fixed-fixed -Fixed-moveable -Cantilever -Spring-Cantilever
- Combination bridge
-Retraction paste - Name 4 forms of soft tissue management Cuts and coagulates soft tissue High frequency radio waves pass through tissue cells Heat generated causes cell destruction 3 settings= cutting; cutting + coagulation; coagulation - How does electrosurgery of soft tissue work? -Forming a gingival trough around furcation for good OH -Crown lengthening -Gingivectomy -Frenectomy -Biopsy -Controlling bleeding -Subgingival access for restorations -Exposure of ectopic tooth for traction -Tissue contouring - What are some indications for electrosurgery? -Pacemaker -metal (as causes sparks- use plastic instruments) -Poor OH (impairs healing) - When is electrosurgery contraindicated? Ferric Sulphate pH= 1.2 - What haemostatic agent is used with retraction cords on AHD and what is its pH?
Aluminium chloride- least reactive with impressions Ferric sulphate- blackening of gingivae due to cauterizing action Aluminium sulphate- offensive taste Epinephrine- increases HR - Name some haemostatic agents and their features Gingival retraction paste Made of Koalin, Aluminium Chloride, and Water - What is Expasyl and what is it made from? Intrinsic: tetracycline during pregnancy, dentinogenesis imperfecta, fluorosis, trauma Extrinsic: smoking; wine; chlorhexidine; medication - Name the 2 types of tooth discolouration, and examples of each -Compounds incorporated into pellicle and cause stain as a result of their basic colour -Chemical interactions within tooth surface causes discolouration - What are the 2 causes (processes) of extrinsic staining? Non-metallic: Adsorbed onto tooth surface deposits such as plaque or acquired pellicle (diet, tobacco) Metallic: Occupational exposure to metallic salts and medications containing metallic salts - What are the 2 origins of extrinsic staining? -Amelogenesis imperfecta -Dentinogenesis imperfecta -Fluorosis -Hypoplasia/hypomineralisation
It is dual cured= chemically and light source - Why is a light source/laser used to whiten teeth clinically when using carbamide peroxide? -Rubber dam -Remove 2mm of GP sub-gingivally (consider removing any heavily stained dentine -Place 2-3mm of GIC over the GP -Etch pulp chamber, wash, dry -Place carbamide peroxide (16% max) with cotton pledget -Seal with GIC -Leave for 2 weeks and replenish if needed - Describe the steps of the Walking technique for non-vital bleaching -Whitening tray for selected tooth constructed previously -Rubber dam -Remove 2mm of GP subgingivally (consider removal of heavily stained dentine) -Place 2-3mm GIC over GP -Patient to place carbamide peroxide into access cavity and corresponding tooth in whitening tray -Review at 2 weeks -When happy with colour, restore access cavity - Describe the steps of the Inside-outside technique for non-vital bleaching -Construction of whitening tray -Lab asked to place reservoir on teeth to be whitened -Patient instructed to place carbamide peroxide in these teeth - Describe the steps of the Selective reservoir technique for non-vital bleaching -Pregnant -Breast feeding
-Patient under 18 years (if >0.1% hydrogen peroxide) - What are some contraindications to tooth whitening? 100 micrometers (0.1mm) - how much enamel is removed with microabrasion? Abrasion (pumice) + Erosion (hydrochloric acid) - What two processes does microabrasion combine? -Fluorosis -Localised hypoplasia -Post-ortho demineralisation - When would microabrasion be useful? -Rubber dam -Place copalite varnish around necks of the teeth -Place a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and water behind teeth to protect in case of spillage -18% HCl acid and pumice into a slurry. Apply onto labial surface of tooth with a slowly rotating rubber cup -Wash for 5 seconds -This can be carried out upto 10 times per tooth -Apply fluoride drops to each tooth for 3 minutes - Describe the steps of the technique for microabrasion Tooth wear as a result of age- this is expected - What is physiological tooth wear? Palatal surface of incisors- so often unnoticed -
5-6 years - What is the median survival rate of composite build ups? -Teeth/prosthesis -Left and right TMJ -Neuromuscular system - What are the 3 determinants of occlusion? Teeth= PDL widening; mobility; wear; fremitus; pain Implant= Screw loosening; bone loss; bone fracture; implant fracture - Name the different signs of overloading of teeth and implants Maximum biting= 300-700 N Chewing force is ~1/3 of this - What is the maximum biting force of the dentition? and how much is exerted during chewing? decreases - What happens to the freeway space under stress? The position of the jaws at first tooth contact when the jaw closes in the retruded arc of closure This is the position of JAW RELATIONSHIP - What is the retruded contact position (RCP)? RCP lies 1-1.5mm distal to ICP - Where does RCP lie relative to ICP?
Angle of rotation of the non-working side condylar head from its rest position to its final point of movement towards the working side - Describe what the Bennet angle is Condyle moves anteriorly and inferiorly, following the articular eminence - How does the non-working side condyle move with lateral excursion of the jaw towards the working side? Group function - What is the ideal posterior disclusion for full dentures during lateral excursion? -Insufficient coronal structure to support a conventional restoration -Root canal treated -Single rooted - What are the indications for a post crown? A metal ring/cap that strengthens the end of the shaft Here, the dentine is prepared to be 2mm high and 2mm wide - What is a ferrule in a post crown? ACTIVE (self-threading): -Screw core build up PASSIVE (dependant on luting): -Indirect cast post and core (impression) -Direct cast post and core (acrylic resin- chairside) -Prefabricated post and core build up (titanium, ceramic, glass fibre) - Name the types of post and core systems
2 roots (m + d) 3 canals (2 in mesial) - How many roots are there in a mandibular 6? and how many canals? 2 roots (m + d), 2 canals - How many roots are there in a mandibular 7? and how many canals? To prevent collapse of the temporary filling into the pulp chamber - Why is a tapered bur used when cutting an access cavity during endo prep? DG16 probe - What is the name of the probe that is used to detect orifices in endodontic treatment? -Sodium hypochlorite (0.5-5%) -LA -Chlorhexidine (2%) -EDTA -Potassium iodide - Name some cleaning and irrigating solutions that are used during the access and shape stage of RCT Glyde Fileze Canal + Contain: 10% urea peroxide; 15% EDTA - Name some lubricating pastes (used during filing in endodontic treatment) What do they contain?
EDTA (17%) with sodium hypochlorite Causes effervescence and smear layer removal - Name a chelating agent used in RCT and what does it do? Nickel Titanium (great flexibility) - What material is a protaper hand file made of? Lengths come in 21, 25, 31mm Cutting length: ALWAYS 16mm - What are the lengths of the ISO K-files, and what is their cutting length? Convex triangular - What is the cross sectional shape of a protaper file? 150-350 rpm (quite slow) - What is the rotational speed of a rotary GT file? Stainless steel - What material are K-files made of? -Canal is dry -No pain -Resolution of infection -Absence of residual infection - Ideally before you obturate a canal, what should have happened?
