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History of Orthodontics
First evidence of dentistry-Who and where? - I Em Hetep. Ancient Egypt 4500BC. A healer in his day Name the first 3 papers written in Ancient Egypt on How to treat disease -
- Kahun
- Ebers
- Berlin First healer of a specific disease (a specialist)? - Herodatus. Ancient Egypt in 500BC First? Chinese/Japanese doctors of herbal medicine: - Hoang Ti and Ishinko Name of First form of socialized health care found in Middle East: - Code of Hammurabi First place to fabricate false teeth and make bridges w/ wire: - Etruscans and India Location of Code of Hammurabi - Sumeria and Babyloniae Earliest Image of Dentistry - Scythian King 600BC
Inlaid stones, inlaid discs, whole teeth and implantations were first found in what general area - South and Central America First person to start looking at malocclusion - Hippocrates (Greece/Rome 400BC) This person could move teeth with finger pressure and wrote about extracting teeth - Celcus (Greece/Rome Christ time) Wrote about filling teeth - Pliny First person to exclusively practice dentistry - Cascellias What did Islam use to restore carious lesions? - Sap of mastic tree and alum First hospital (Islam) - Miar, Egypt 600AD This spread the way we could spread knowledge significantly - Gutenberg printing press 1440AD Some of the first text books were written by: - Blum, Artzney, Bericht, and Ryff Country of true birth of dentistry: -
J.S. Gummell- Shift to USA-these 2 men started "Society of Surgeon Dentists" in the USA - Horace Hayden and Chapin Harris- What state was society of surgeon dentist made in: - New York 1st dental school in the world: 1st to give DDS: - Baltimore College of Dental Surgery Who founded Baltimore College of Dental Surgery? - Horace Hayden and Chapin Harris Defined the art of dental science. Came up with first dental terminology. Discussed importance of preserving deciduous teeth. Used gold caps. - Desirabode First to use expanders and whip spring???? - Desirabode first to say, "most efficient way to uncrowd teeth=extraction" - Chapin Harris Opposed Chapin and said, "To extract is not to cure, but to destroy" - Lafoulon Lafoulon didn't like the term orthodontosie (orthodontia), so he came up with the term: - Orthopedic dentaire (dentofacial orthopedics)
He came up with the terms: underbite, overbite, edge to edge, cross bite, lever, screw - C.F. Delabarre He came up with 6 categories to classify malocclusion - George Carrabelli He came up with 5 categories to classify malocclusion - C. Joseph Linderer He used clamps (stops) on bands since there was no cement and it would stop them from moving subgingivally: - Thomas W. Evans Came up with a lot of the first appliances (expander with nut) - Bonwill Father of Modern Orthodontics - Kingsley Name some things Kingsley came up with: -
- Occipital anchorage-skull cap very similar to modern high pull head gear
- Fracture splints
- First to combine screw and spring in same appliance
- Gold appliances 2 meanings of jumping the bite in old literature: -
- correcting x-bite
- correcting a class II molar relationship
Credited with the use of class II/III elastics - Baker Define reciprocal anchorage - both arches are moving to fit together Came up with 26 different subdivisions of malocclusion: Also came up with first root moving appliance: - Calvin Case Ardent champion of nonextraction-he argued with Calvin Case (who supported extraction) at a convention-heated argument - Dewey Made his own orthodontic school so he could do things his own way (in St. Louis). He later moved his school to NY and then to California. - Edward Angle Creator of the edgewise appliance - Edward Angle How did the edgewise appliance get it's name: - turned ribbon arch so now the "edge" slides into the bracket Edward extracted on his wife named:, but was never able to close the space - Anna Hopkins Angle Other things Angle did: -
Presented his own malocclusion system E arch-expansion arch Founder of American Society of Orthodontists (1st society) - Edward Angle Name some of Angle's students: - Herbert Pullen B. Holley Broadbent Allan G. Brodie Milo Hellman John Valentine Mershon Raymond Strang 2 people who opposed extraction in Angles era (I'm sure there are many more...) - Albert Ketchum Anna Hopkins Angle A statue Angles used as an example of harmony and aesthertics - Apollo Belvedere St. Louis School of Fine Arts - Edmund Wuerpel One of the first to lecture on x-rays - Albert Ketchum Created the first orthodontic society, called "Society of Orthodontists"-now called American Society of Orthodontics -
This became the official journal of the American Society of Orthodontists (note: this continued successfully even though Angles resigned) - International Journal of Orthodontia So: ASO-International Journal of Orthodontia Alumni Society of the Angle School of Ortho-American Orthodontist First editor of International Journal of Orthodontia: - Dr. Mosby (Dewey was later editor for 17 yrs) 1st true post grad ortho program with a University. Was also the first to adopt a full year. - Harvard-Forsyth Post Graduate School for Orthodontics (open for only 4 years) Longest running ortho program today: - Columbia Next 4 schools to have a post grad program: -
- Columbia than 3. Michigan 4. Iowa 5. Illinois What are some of the first things looked at from the American Society of Orthodontics? -
- Ethical Issues
- Commercialism
- Fee splitting
- Patents
- Intercept, not just treat malocclusion This man wanted to do away with patents - Dewey This man started the ABO/1st president -
Albert Ketcham ABO established on this date: - January 27, 1930 Where was the ABO established? - Stanley Hotel. Estes Park, Colorado Location of 1st meeting of ABO and the man in charge of the meeting: - Nashville, TENNESSEE! Oren Oliver 1950's ABO requirements - 15 case reports-3 sets of records Research report 1960's ABO requirements - exam or thesis in stead of research paper, but still 15 cases w/ 3 sets of records 1970's requirements - Thesis dropped (just exam now) Location of ABO in 1970's - Marriot Airport Hotel, St. Louis, MO 1990 requirement - test prior to AAO annual session 10 cases, 3 with long term retention
Northwest Society - Earl Tertzel Alternatives to gold alloys: - Chrome and Stainless Steel these 3 men lead the development of SS and Chrome: -
- Frank Casto
- Lyndon Carman
- Archie Brusse ASO started over to better incoorperate the sectional societies. They than named themselves this: - American Association of OrthodontISTS Date the AAO was formed: - April 12, 1937 This man used a guideplane for class II malocclusions (advance the mandible forward) - Oliver Came up with the twin wire appliance - Dr. Joseph Johnson Joseph Johnson (I think???) corrected class II malocclusion using this: - a coil spring to distalize a molar (similar to the Wilson arch today) this appliance was the first attempt at an aesthetic appliance - crozat appliance
Founded UNIversal TECHnique-Unitek - Dr. Spencer Atkinson Dr. Atkinson came up with this type of attachment that could accommodate different wire types (twin, edgewise, ribbon) - Universal Studied growth and development - Herbet Margolis (Boston University) First Ceph analysis - William Downs (1948) Norman Kingsley 1829-1913 - Father of Orthodontics. Concept of Occipital Anchorage. Velum Obturator. Devised a series of gold appliances. "Jumping the Bite"-inclined plane-vulcanite "Distocclusion" "Treatise on Oral Deformities as a Branch of Mechanical Surgery" Artistic-facial harmony Calvin Case - Cleft palate cases. Used a velum obturator w/o attachments and would move up and down with speech. Stressed importance of root movement Case taught at what school? -
Dewey school of Orthodontics at UMKC Milo Hellman - Pioneered hand-wrist x-rays Extensive training in anthropology John Valentine Mershon - Penn dental school Developed a removable lingual arch Finger springs to move individual teeth Refused to patent Allan Brodie - Penn dental school. Was part of the last class of Angles School. First chairman of U. of Illinois Orthod dept. Founder of the Edward H. Angle Society of Orthodontists & it's journal, The Angle Orthodontist Spencer Atkinson - Interest in working on children USC director of Orthodontics Developed the Universal appliance Founded - Oren Oliver - guide plane-repositions the mandible forward and stimulate condylar growth. Was pres. of ABO, SSO, and ADA Liked Joseph Johnson's twin wire
Joseph Johnson: - Twin wire appliance creator B. Holly Broadbent - Developed a roentgenographic cephalometer Did growth studies w/ lots of x-ray Bernhard Wolfe Weinberger - Penn. History of Orthodontics text book-where we get a lot of info. for this course Leuman Waugh - First director of Orthodontics at Colombia. President of IADR, ABO Devised a chair side dental x-ray unit P. Raymond Begg - Australia. Angles school in California. "difficult to close space on edgewise" so he made Begg appliance. made "Australian" SS wire "Stone Age Man's Dentition" William Downs - "Variations in Facial Relationships". This paper was the first cephalometric analysis Herbert Margolis - Maxillofacial triangle for diagnosis. One of first to relate mandibular incisor to mandibular plane.
top 3 awards in orthodontics - Albert Ketcham Award Jame Brophy Distinguished Service Award Louise Aa Jarabak Memorial International Teachers and REsearch Award Wilton M. Krogman - Penn. "Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine" Robert M. Ricketts - First laminagraphic studies of the condyle Growth and structural variation of the jaws, arthritis of joint, cleft palate and orthognathic surgery. Divine proportion to define facial proportions. Harold Kessling - Rubber tooth positioner and the diagnostic set up. Established TP Laboratories Jacob Salzmann - Penn. 11 books and hundreds of articls. Keenly interested in the health and welfare of children. Cecil Steiner - Instrumental in helping Angles make edgewise bracket and a ligature tying plier (Steiner plier) "Cephalometrics for You and Me"Steiner analysis Morris Stoner - Light wire edgewise concept
Designed numerous loops for his archwires B.F. Todd Dewel - guided tooth eruption and serial extraction Editor of AJO Viken Sassouni - Seven Textbooks. 3 dimensional technique for facial photographs Made one of first computerized diagnosis and tx planning systemts. Arcial cephalometric analysis George Hahn - many journal articles-Angles student Coenrad Moorees - Dentists-Harvard chair. Dental Anthropology-focused on face growth and tooth development. Samuel Pruzansky - Director of the worlds' first center for craniofacial anomalies Richard Riedel - Studied retention and long term stability Joseph Jarabak - When begg refused to come and lecture, he developed his own light wire system using edgewise. Textbook "Technique and treatment with Light-Wire Appliance"
