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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ORGANIZATION, Exams of Military Strategy and Training

Virginia Military Institute (VMI)Military Strategy and Training

The organization of the Department of Defense, including the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Unified Combatant Commands, and Military Departments. It explains the authority and control within DOD/Branches of the Chain of Command, the authority and control of Military Departments, and the authority and control of Combatant Commanders (CCDRs). The document also answers some questions related to the topic.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 10/09/2023

DrShirleyAurora
DrShirleyAurora 🇺🇸

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
ORGANIZATION
Secretary of Defense -
Responsible to the President for creating, supporting, and employing military capabilities
• Provides authoritative direction and control over the Services
• Exercises control of, and authority over, those forces not specifically assigned to combatant
commands
• Administers authority through the military departments, the Service Chiefs, and applicable chains of
command
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff -
Principal military adviser to the President, the NSC, and the Secretary of Defense
(SecDef)
• Functions under the authority of the President and the direction and control of the
President and SecDef
• Oversees the activities of the combatant commanders (CCDRs) as directed by the
SecDef
• Transmits communications between the President or the SecDef and the CCDRs
Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) -
is the principal staff element of the Secretary of Defense in the exercise of
policy development, planning, resource management, fiscal and program evaluation
and oversight, and interface and exchange with other US Government (USG)
departments and agencies, foreign governments, and international organizations,
through formal and informal processes.
• also performs oversight and management of the defense agencies and DOD
field activities
• 17 Defense Agencies
• 11 Field Activities
Unified Combatant Commands -
Exercise combatant command (command authority) (COCOM) over assigned forces
• Responsible to the President and SecDef for the performance of assigned
missions and preparedness of their commands to perform assigned missions
• 6 Geographic Cmds
• 3 Functional Cmds
• Service Components
Military Departments -
Headed by civilian secretaries (Army, Navy, Air Force)
• Organize, train, and equip forces to operate across the range of military operations
• Provide for the administration and support of all those forces within their department,
including those assigned or attached to combatant commanders (CCDRs)
Authority and Control within DOD/Branches of the Chain of Command -
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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

ORGANIZATION

Secretary of Defense - Responsible to the President for creating, supporting, and employing military capabilities

  • Provides authoritative direction and control over the Services
  • Exercises control of, and authority over, those forces not specifically assigned to combatant commands
  • Administers authority through the military departments, the Service Chiefs, and applicable chains of command Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - Principal military adviser to the President, the NSC, and the Secretary of Defense (SecDef)
  • Functions under the authority of the President and the direction and control of the President and SecDef
  • Oversees the activities of the combatant commanders (CCDRs) as directed by the SecDef
  • Transmits communications between the President or the SecDef and the CCDRs Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) - is the principal staff element of the Secretary of Defense in the exercise of policy development, planning, resource management, fiscal and program evaluation and oversight, and interface and exchange with other US Government (USG) departments and agencies, foreign governments, and international organizations, through formal and informal processes.
  • also performs oversight and management of the defense agencies and DOD field activities
  • 17 Defense Agencies
  • 11 Field Activities Unified Combatant Commands - Exercise combatant command (command authority) (COCOM) over assigned forces
  • Responsible to the President and SecDef for the performance of assigned missions and preparedness of their commands to perform assigned missions
  • 6 Geographic Cmds
  • 3 Functional Cmds
  • Service Components Military Departments - Headed by civilian secretaries (Army, Navy, Air Force)
  • Organize, train, and equip forces to operate across the range of military operations
  • Provide for the administration and support of all those forces within their department, including those assigned or attached to combatant commanders (CCDRs) Authority and Control within DOD/Branches of the Chain of Command -

The President, through the SecDef, to CCDRs for missions and forces assigned to their commands

  • For purposes other than operational direction of forces, President, through the SecDef, to the secretaries of the military departments Authority and Control of Military Departments - Operate under the authority, direction, and control of the applicable Secretary
  • Department secretaries exercise authority through their respective Service Chiefs of Staff (Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) for the Navy) over Service forces NOT assigned to the CCDRs
  • Service chiefs perform their duties under the authority, direction and control of their respective secretaries Authority and Control of Combatant Commanders (CCDRs) - Exercise combatant command (command authority) (COCOM) of assigned forces
  • Are directly responsible to the President and SecDef for the performance of assigned missions and their commands' preparedness
  • Prescribe the chain of command within their combatant commands
  • Designate the appropriate command authority to be exercised by subordinate commanders
  • Commanders in the chain of command exercise COCOM, operational control (OPCON), tactical control (TACON) or a support command relationship as prescribed by law or designated by their military superior.
  • Unless otherwise directed, COCOM is reserved for the CCDR over designated forces. Authority and Control of the Secretaries of the Military Departments - Exercise administrative control (ADCON) through the commanders of Service component commands (SCCs) assigned to combatant commands
  • Exercise ADCON through the Service chiefs for forces not assigned to combatant commands
  • In coordination with other department secretaries and with the CCDRs, administer, support, organize, train, equip and provide forces to fulfill specific roles Who is the principal military advisor to the President, the NSC? - Chairman of the JCS Who maintains Administrative control for forces assigned to combatant commanders? - ADCON for forces assigned to combatant commanders remains with the appropriate Service secretary Army Roles per US Code Title 10 - It is the intent of Congress to provide an Army that is capable, in conjunction with the other armed forces, of—

Unified Command Plan (UCP) - The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic guidance to all unified combatant commanders

  • Establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure
  • Delineates the general geographical area of responsibility for geographic combatant commanders
  • Specifies functional responsibilities for functional combatant commanders Who approves of the UCP? - The SecDef approves the UCP after it is staffed by OSD and forwards it through the National Security Council (NSC) to the President for approval and signature. NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1947 - established the basis for integrating political, military, and intelligence functions into the national security policy process, thereby giving the president a structure for a systematized assessment of policy and strategic options.
  • mandated the creation of the National Security Council to help deal with unexpected US post WWII responsibilities, as well as establishing the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the US Air Force as an independent service. Unified Combatant Commands (how many) - The Nine Major War-fighting Commands within the Department of Defense. The Joint Chiefs of Staff - The immediate senior military staff advisors to the Secretary of Defense The DOD Operational (War-fighting) Chain of Command. - POTUS, SECDEF, Unified Combatant Command Commander (CINC) Who are the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff? - Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), the Military Service Chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau What are the Branches of the Armed Forces? - Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard The National Security Council - This is chaired by the President. Its regular attendees (both statutory and non-statutory) are the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the statutory military adviser to the Council, and the Director of National Intelligence is the intelligence adviser.

Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 - This law increased the power of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs and Combatant Commanders, removed operational command from the JCS, and created the U.S. Special Operations Command. Strategic - Of or relating to large scale or global planning and conduct of military strategy, movements, and/or operations essential to the effective conduct of war. The level of war at the National Level - NCA, CJCS, JCS, CINC. Tactical - Of or pertaining to tactics. The level of war were battles and campaigns are planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to military units. Operational - The level of war at which major campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas.