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DodginganArea
Dodgetoolisusedtolightenanareathat’澙澚澕澕澊澇澘澑澏澔澟澕澛澘澏澓澇澍澋.Theoptionsfor theDodgetoolareBrush,Range,ExposureandAirbrush
OptionsfortheSelectionTools
Addingtoaselectionoutline:Toincreasetheareaenclosedinanexistingselection outline,shift+dragwithoneofthemarqueeorlassotools Subtractingfrom aselectionoutline:Tosubtractfrom anexistingselectionoutline, pressAltwhileusingoneoftheselectiontools Intersectingoneselectionoutlinewithanother:Anotherwaytosubtractfrom an existing selection outline isto Shift+Alt+ drag around the selection with the rectangularmarquee,ellipticalmarquee,orlassotool
ResizinganImage
Youcanresizeyourimagetoanydimensionsyouwish.Select“ImageSize”from the “Image”menu.ThedefaultinPhotoshopistokeepimageresizingat“Constrain Proportions.”Thismeansthatiftheheightischanged,thewidthwillbechangedat thesameratio.Thiskeepsyourimagelooking approximatelythesame,onlyat differentsizes.Youcanchangetheimagesizeeitherbypixelsorpercentages
ColorModesSupportedbyPhotoshop
RGBcolor:Listsavaluebetween0and2 5 5foreachoftheRed,Green,Blue componentsofacolor.( 0 , 0 , 0 ),theabsenceofcolor,iscompletelyblack.( 255 , 255 , 255 ),thepresenceofallcolors,iscompletelywhite.MostPhotoshopartists workinRGB. CMYKcolor:Listsapercentageofeachofthecolors(Cyan,Magenta,Yellow,blacK). CMYKcanbestbethoughtofasthe“colorprintercartridgecolors”.Somegraphics designerschoosetoconverttheirwork(afterithasbeendoneinRGB)toCMYKso thattheyhaveabettersenseofhowit’澙澍澕澏澔澍澚澕澒澕澕澑澇澌澚澋澘澏澚澏澙澖澘澏澔澚澋澊.
Grayscale:It’澙澇澉澕澒澕澘澓澕澊澋澚澎澇澚澕澖澋澘澇澚澋澙澋澔澚澏澘澋澒澟澏澔澈澒澇澉澑澇澔澊澝澎澏澚澋.Usuallyinorder toconvertanimagetograyscale,youwillfirstneedtoflattenit. Bitmap:Onlyallowsforblackandwhitedots(pixels). Labcolor:Representscolorwith3components:(Lightness,colorvaluefrom redto green,colorvaluefrom bluetoyellow).Thisisanothernon-standardcolorchannel.
FileFormatsinPhotoshop
Photoshopsupportsmorethanadozendifferentfileformatsbydefault,sochances areyoucanopenanimagecreatedinanotherprogram byselectingtheappropriate filetypefrom theFilesoftypedrop-downlistintheOpendialogbox. Herearesomeofthecommonfileformatsyoumightuse: .BMP:TheWindowsBitmapformatcreatedbytheWindowsPaintapplet. .GIF:AcompactfileformatoftenusedforWebgraphics. .PDF:TheAdobeAcrobatfiletransferformat. .JPGorJPEG:AnotherfileformatoftenusedforWebgraphics. .PCX:An alternate to the Windows Bitmap formatthatwas originally popularizedviathePCPaintbrushprogram. PhotoCD:AformatoriginallydevelopedbyKodak. PICT:AMacintoshgraphicsformat. .TIForTIFF:Acommonformatforscannedimages
GradientTool
Gradientsareappliedbydraggingthetoolacrosstheimage.Thestartingpointis definedbywherethemouseisinitiallyclickedandtheendingpointiswherethe mouseisreleased. Gradientscanbeappliedtoaselectionortoanentirelayer. 1 .SelecttheGradienttool from thetoolbarorpresstheletterGonthe keyboard. 2 .IntheOptionbar,therearemultipledifferenttypesofgradientsyoucanapply:
Window>Layers. ThePalette
- ThebigTintheboxindicatesthatthislayercontainstext 2 .Theeyesymbolindicatesthatthelayerisvisible.Tomakelayerinvisiblejustclickon it. 3 .Thepensymbolalongwiththehighlightingshowsthatthislayerisactive,which meansthatyoucanmakechangesonlytothislayer. 4 .Thearrowinacirclesymbolleadsyoutodetailedoptionsoflayerpalette. 5 .FillsettinghasthesameeffectasOpacityforaLayer,exceptthatisleavesLayer effectsuntouched. 6 .Thepadlocksymbolatthebottom rightoftheBackgroundLayerentryindicatesthat theBackgroundLayercannotbemovedoralteredinanyway,exceptbyplacing otherlayersontopofit. FurtherUsefulPaletteItems
- Thisisthebuttonyouneedtoclicktocreatenew layerstylefrom thepopupmenu,whichincludes optionssuchasdropshadowandglow. 2 .Clickthisbuttontoaddamasktoentirelayer.You canuseittoaddeffects. 3 .Clickheretocreateanewlayerset.Layersetsare usedtoorganizeandmanageyourlayers.Theywork likefolders.Whennewlayersetiscreatedyoucan clickanddraglayerstoit. 4 .Thisbuttonisusedtocreatenewfilloradjustment layer. 5 .Thisbuttonisusedtocreatenewblanklayerinthe Layerspalette. 6 .Thisbuttondeletesactiveorselectedlayer.Youcanalsodragthelayertoittodelete it. LASSOTOOLS Thelassoandpolygonallassotoolsletyoudrawbothstraight-edgedandfreehand segmentsofaselectionborder.Withthemagneticlassotool,thebordersnapsto theedgesofdefinedareasintheimage
Tousethelassotool:
1 .Selectthelassotool ,andselectoptions. 2 .Dragtodrawafreehandselectionborder. 3 .Todrawastraight-edgedselectionborder,holddownAltandclickwhere segmentsshouldbeginandend.Youcanswitchbetweendrawingfreehand andstraight-edgedsegments.
4 .Toeraserecentlydrawnsegments,holddowntheDeletekeyuntilyou've erasedthefasteningpointsforthedesiredsegment. 5 .Toclosetheselectionborder,releasethemousewithoutholdingdownAlt.
Tousethepolygonallassotool:
1 .Selectthepolygonallassotool ,andselectoptions. 2 .Clickintheimagetosetthestartingpoint. 3 .Dooneormoreofthefollowing: Todrawastraightsegment,positionthepointerwhereyouwantthefirst straightsegmenttoend,andclick.Continueclickingtosetendpointsfor subsequentsegments. Todrawafreehandsegment,holddownAlt(Windows)orOption(Mac OS),anddrag.Whenfinished,releaseAltorOptionandthemousebutton. Toeraserecentlydrawnstraightsegments,presstheDeletekey. 4 .Closetheselectionborder: Positionthepolygonallassotoolpointeroverthestartingpoint(aclosed circleappearsnexttothepointer),andclick. Tousethemagneticlassotool:
- Selectthemagneticlassotool ,andselectoptions. 2 .Clickintheimagetosetthefirstfasteningpoint.Fasteningpointsanchorthe selectionborderinplace. 3 .Todrawafreehandsegment,movethepointeralongtheedgeyouwantto trace.(Youcanalsodragwiththemousebuttondepressed.)
- Periodically,themagneticlassotooladdsfasteningpointstotheselection border. 5 .Toeraserecentlydrawnsegmentsandfasteningpoints,presstheDeletekey untilyou'veerasedthefasteningpointsforthedesiredsegment.
- Toclosetheborder,dragbackoverthestartingpointandclick.
SettingtheForegroundorBackgroundColors
1 .TheColorPickerPalette TheColorPickerPalettecontainsseveralcolorswecanchoosefrom.Todisplaythe colorpickerpaletteonthescreen,clickoneithertheforegroundorbackground colorboxinthetoolbox.
