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Dessertation thesis on Smart Agriculture and use of IOT in the field of farming and where there are using these to helps grow crops and the places where smart agriculture are using by people and more real data of this.
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DISSERTATION
MAYANK GOSWAMI
School of Global Affairs Ambedkar University, Delhi New Delhi- 110015 (INDIA)
DECLARATION
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES F i g u r e 3. 1 - F i e l d W o r k s M a p F i g u r e 3. 2 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 1 F i g u r e 3. 3 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 2 F i g u r e 3. 4 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 3 F i g u r e 3. 5 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 4 F i g u r e 3. 6 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 6 F i g u r e 3. 7 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 7 F i g u r e 3. 8 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 8 F i g u r e 3. 9 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 9 F i g u r e 3. 1 0 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 1 0 F i g u r e 3. 1 1 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 1 1 F i g u r e 3. 1 2 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 1 2 F i g u r e 3. 1 3 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 1 3 F i g u r e 3. 1 4 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 1 4 F i g u r e 3. 1 5 - P i e c h a r t o f Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 1 5 F i g u r e 3. 1 6 - B a r c h a r t o f 5 Q u e s t i o n n a i r e Q u e s t i o n s F i g u r e 3. 1 7 - B a r c h a r t o f a n o t h e r 5 Q u e s t i o n n a i r e Q u e s t i o n s F i g u r e 3. 1 8 - B a r c h a r t o f l a s t 5 Q u e s t i o n n a i r e Q u e s t i o n s F i g u r e 3. 1 9 - Solenoid valves of automated drip irrigation F i g u r e 3. 2 0 - S o i l m o i s t u r e s e n s o r F i g u r e 3. 2 1 - A u t o m a t e d w i r e l e s s w e a t h e r s t a t i o n s e n s o r ( A W W S ) F i g u r e 3. 2 2 - I o T p a n e l b o x t o o l o f a l l t y p e s o f s e n s o r f o r s m a r t f a r m i n g T a b l e 3. 1 - F i e l d w o r k T a b l e o f r e s p o n d e n t s / F a r m e r s
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT Agriculture is the backbone of our country and also plays an important role in the development in the economy of the country as, India is mainly bounded by an agriculture sector but in the country mainly old techniques & methods of farming are doing by farmers. In India about 70% of population depends upon farming and one third of nation’s capital comes from farming, only solution for this is smart agriculture farming & by updating the old primitive methods to technological form as to increase yielding, health & crops. But, for all these farmers need to have some knowledge regarding who do not have regarding smart techniques for farming to do smart farming, if a particular farmer have good financial condition and able to purchase smart tools for farming they should go for it without any further thinking which helps him to reduce some costs which is more in old primitive methods, as this is a type of farming system which uses IoT technology. In this Dissertation research paper, aim is an IoT based advanced solution & automations for farmers by monitoring the soil conditions as soil moisture sensor, drip automated irrigation and weather climate condition sensors connected with internet by which a notification is also sent in the form of SMS to the farmer’s phone using Wi-fi about the condition of the farming land/field for having efficient crop growth & for production as well, also controlling of all these operations of farming through any remote smart device like smartphones, laptops & computers connected to the internet and also with IoT panel box for all type of sensors and data fix & store in it. The use of IoT devices in smart farming benefits in the modernization of ICT (information communication technology) for better crop growth moisture, mineral, light and other factors can be assumed. This Dissertation research looks into a few of these attributes for data analysis with the goal of assisting users/farmers in making better agricultural decisions using IoT. The technique is made accordingly to help farmers increase their agricultural output and will allow farmers to manage their crops with new age in the agriculture farming
Change is the basis of progress and development. Through the early 2000s adoption of smart technology for farmers was slow to take off but day by day many farmers are adopting smart way techniques for agriculture to do farming, but mainly medium and large farmers who have more than (1 hectare) land to do farming as cost was a major limiting factor for farmers. The term Internet of Things was founded in 1999 by Kevin Ashton. We all expect to talk about, agriculture sector specifically where IoT is playing a demanding role. From my side, i have been seeing agriculture as modernizing for centuries, and in line to that now IoT is redefining the way agriculture is looked at in India. In the last few decades, agriculture has seen huge transformation journey that it should also be converted into technological form for farmers without need any physically work and labour required and usage of modern approaches along with super-smart gadgets like Drone system, automatic drip irrigation system and automatic tube well and many Government incentives schemes for farmers for use of technological things in the farming. Farming is now innovative, strategic, technology-driven, and efficient with the usage of smart IoT and automation for almost everything excludes seeding the crops. IoT Smart technology enables new digital agriculture. Today technology has become such a necessity to meet current challenges related to everything and in agriculture several sectors are using the latest technologies to automate their tasks. Smart agriculture, based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, is visualized to enable producers and farmers to reduce waste and improve productivity by optimizing the usage of fertilizers to boost the efficiency of plants. IoT based Smart Farming gives better control to the farmers for their livestock, growing crops by automatic drip irrigation and tube well, cutting costs, smart climate change live tracker and various resources. The world's total population touched 600 crores in year 2000 but is estimated that it will grow to 932 crore by 2050. Hence, it is necessary to increase the yield on the limited farmland which is available in many areas. IoT smart farming is a high-tech system to grow crop cleanly and sustainably as group by having heavy agriculture results as good crop yield and how there will be low cost when there is smart farming to do instead of old primitive methods. It is the application of modern Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in agriculture.
o Suitability for farmers as mainly in hot summer or having Sustainability work for them o Cost efficiency for farmers & circulate modern farm practices to improve the quality, quantity of crops o Increased agriculture productivity for crops & improved livestock management o Waste reduction o Low production risks & eco-friendly farming o Operational automation for various agricultural practices o Efficient & proper use of water resources by automatic irrigation and tube well system o Also changes the socio-economic status of farmers as by using smart techniques in the agriculture land.
▪ Automatic adjustment of farming equipment made possible by linking information through sensors and devices like computers, smartphones for crops yielding, climate weather and equipment to auto-adjust temperature, humidity, smart irrigation and tube well etc. ▪ Large farmers who have more than 2 hectare land they can take benefit of these technologies in their large farmland by which IoT equipped drone helps to receive the current state of crops and send the live pictures of farmland and also irrigation system is done from air drones to crops. ▪ From this, we can also study the farmland from the land which using IoT based Smart Farming Solutions which tell the current situation of fields and crops.
II. Farming drones - Drones can helps farmers with crop surveying, soil and land analysis, livestock tracking, and monitoring. Farmers can also use pesticides for crops accordingly and in the desired manner and quantity from flying drones and also drones can measure the individual land instead of taking extra land to cultivate land for agricultural practices illegally. III. Smart Greenhouses – There can be automatic machines sensors which adjust various parameters such as temperature, humidity, irrigation, or lighting of clouds which harms the crops and which is dangerous for crops. This can be done remotely using IoT and connected devices, which benefit without any problem for farmers and environment as well, efficient crop conducive environment. IV. Weather monitoring and climate condition - This allows easier climate predictions and weather patterns. With smartphones, mainly large farmers can smoothly monitor crops, yield, livestock, and even equipment. Live details around livestock health, feeding, and produce can also be drawn through smart analysis using big data. V. Crop management and soil monitoring- Crop rotation, management, and monitoring can be made easier with insights provided by data around crop growth, crop health, precipitation levels, humidity, and climatic conditions. Crop management devices can change the game for farmers and make their decision- making more aligned to profitability. For soil monitoring, Farmers usually use a sampling method to calculate soil fertility, moisture content, in our area there is a physically checking of soil health through their expertise by checking through the smell of soil but in many places of farming IoT plays an essential role in Farming. Sensors can be installed at a uniform distance across the length and breadth of the farmland to collect the accurate soil data, which can be further used in the dashboard or mobile application for the farm monitoring. VI. Water management - Using too much or too little irrigation may result to be hazardous to crops. Water management through automatic drip irrigation and tube well system makes suitable watering. IoT-connected sensors can help in deciding
the need based on land's moisture content, crop requirement, and climate conditions. Farmers can use this data to act accordingly then. The future of agriculture would be mostly dependant on data collection and in smart manner with various techniques and tools involved to do farming which benefit farmers not to go physically to monitor their agriculture land for farming practices and also analysis with customized smart solutions. There are endless possibilities of IoT in agriculture; however, it is very important for one to assess the needs and requirements of farmers first. Before rushing into adopting these smart farming techniques, one shall note all the hardware requirements, maintenance costs, right data analytic tools, and infrastructure whether he is small, medium or large farmers.
many rural labours came into stress that there work is go down day by day due to new emergence of new techniques of agriculture farming. Smart Tractors and other automatic heavy machinery started to enter the agriculture sector; an average size tractor can work 40 times faster with significantly less expenses than normal rural farm labour. To fulfil the continuously increasing demands, agricultural-based equipment manufacturers, like John Deere tractors, have started to provide better solutions focusing on the farmer’s requirements as John Deere company have a technology that it could track its vehicles which is use by farmers if there is problem with the vehicle without give trouble to farmers as it’s automation give perfect farming to farmers. With the advancement of technology, these company tractors are offering tractors gives IoT sensors, wireless & communication solutions for land and a cloud based software is called operations centre as to take information about position and activities of tractors during harvesting in farming land by tracking in mobile, tablets devices, for which after data collected work is done and analysed for to increase work efficiency by intelligent solutions offered at the
Smart Agriculture: IOT based smart sensors agriculture by Anand Nayyar and Er. Vikram Puri, (Nov. 2016); this research describes Internet of Things (IOT) technology has brought revolution to each and every field of common man’s life by making everything smart and intelligent. IOT refers to a network of things which make everything automatic as take a thing and put/fix them into internet and sensors. The development of Intelligent Smart Farming IOT based devices is day by day turning the face of agriculture production by not only enhancing it but also making it cost-effective and reducing wastage. The aim / objective of this paper is to propose a Novel Smart IOT based Agriculture assisting farmers in getting Live Data (Temperature, Soil Moisture) for efficient environment monitoring which will enable them to do smart farming and increase their overall yield and quality of products. Agriculture sector is regarded as the more important sector globally for ensuring food security. Talking about Indian farmers, which are right now in huge trouble and are at disadvantageous position as lack of technology available to them in terms of farm size, climate conditions, soil moisturisation etc. and also about government policies regarding this. Vaishali S, Suraj S, Vignesh G, Dhivya S and Udhayakumar S; From the starting time, agriculture has been the most important practise in human society. Traditional old primitive irrigation methods, such overhead sprinklers and flood irrigation, are inefficient for the crops as not having proper water spray to them and wastage is more of water which affects soil and crop health both and may even make people sick by causing fungus growth in the soil due to too much moisture. Due to the scarcity of water, an automated irrigation system is essential for water conservation and, as a result, agricultural profitability. Irrigation consumes around 85% of the world's total accessible water resources. This need is projected to increase in the coming years as the population grows. To meet this need, we must employ creative methods that lower the quantity of water utilised in irrigation. Sensors in the automated system monitor the availability of water to the crops and watering is done as needed through controlled irrigation. Because of its practically limitless storage and processing capabilities, as well as its fast flexibility, cloud computing is an intriguing solution to the massive amount of data generate as target is to focus on factors like as temperature and soil moisture. This is a mobile integrated and smart irrigation system based on an IoT enabled application controlled monitoring system. The main thing for which it could work is to regulate the water supply and monitor the plants using Smartphone/laptops.
Divya J., Divya M., Janani V; Agriculture is essential to India's economy and people's survival. The purpose of this research is to create an embedded-based soil monitoring and irrigation system sensors available for farmers to track & monitor live data that will reduce manual field monitoring and provide information via a mobile app. The method is intended to help farmers increase their agricultural output. A pH sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor are among the tools used to examine the soil. Based on the findings, farmers may plant the best crop for the land. The sensor data is sent to the field manager through Wi-Fi, and the crop advice is created with the help of the mobile app. When the soil temperature is high, an automatic drip irrigation watering system is used. H.G.C.R. Laksiri, H.A.C. Dharmagunawardhana, J.V. Wijayakulasooriya; Development of an effective loT-based smart irrigation system is a key demand for farmers in the field of agriculture. This research develops a low-cost, weather-based smart watering system & satellite imaginary georeferencing system. To begin, an effective drip irrigation system must be devised that can automatically regulate water flow to plants based on soil moisture levels. Then, to make this water-saving irrigation system even more efficient, an IoT-based communication feature is added, allowing a remote user to monitor soil moisture conditions and manually adjust water flow. The system also includes temperature, humidity, and rain drop sensors, which have been updated to allow remote monitoring of these parameters through the internet. In real time, these field weather variables are stored in a remote database. Finally, based on the present weather conditions, a weather prediction algorithm is employed to manage water distribution. Farmers would be able to irrigate their crops more efficiently with the proposed smart irrigation system. IFFCO Kissan which is large cooperative society for farmers and provides every efforts to farmers of India to help them as giving affordable crop products and related technologies for their farming which should be done as in smart manner. As, IFFCO company begins commercial production of Nano urea liquid which is completely safe for humans, animals, birds, and environment as well at the level which crops want for yielding in a proper manner. IFFCO firm urea is a product/chemical of the 21st^ century and need of hour to keep the environment soil, air and water safe for future generations for the preservation & securing food for all as this chemical was launched a week ago by the company in which Prime Minister of India (Narendra Modi) welcomes the project in Phulpur Uttar Pradesh for the farmers for their better cultivation and cutting costs of chemical fertilizers, as IFFCO has priced Nano urea at rupee 240 per bottle as which is 10% cheaper than the cost of big bag of solid urea. This should be given by farmers to crops either by Drone sprayer or by drip lines as mix with water as only 1 bottle needs for in 4-5 acres land by technological drone sprayer which is also provided by them. Main benefits of this new product by IFFCO firm Nano urea liquid is environmental friendly, smart fertilizer with high nutrient use efficiency and a sustainable solution for reduce pollution and lessen in global warming in the long run as it reduces the emissions of nitrous oxide and doesn't contaminate soil, air and water bodies.
1. The Dissertation research focused on smart farming done by farmers in Bijnor district (Uttar Pradesh) in which who do smart agriculture farming and who do not, as the farmers who do not use such smart techniques; why they do not use and don’t take benefit of such smart farming and also the farmers who do farming in smart manner are they or not instead of old primitive techniques/methods and also how much investment needs for purchasing such smart tools for farming and in future it will cut the costs of farming or not. Also, which type of farmers, i.e.; small, medium and large farmers are using & doing such smart farming in Bijnor (U.P). 2. The research is mainly focused on smart farmers who do smart farming in Bijnor (UP) and the age of farmers is between 30-55 years. There are total 10 farmers in which 7 are smart farmers who do smart farming and 3 are non- smart farmers in which 2 were accepted & said to be use such technology in future. 3. Offline respondents/farmers were selected using random sampling methods as this method is used because most of the farmers in Bijnor district uses & take benefit of such smart farming as around in every 20 farmers 15 are doing smart farming in Sikandari village of Bijnor District. 4. The research was a combination of survey as MCQ Questionnaire and in depth interviews in which I asked their stories how they do or do not use such smart farming techniques. As, also farmers who do not comfort in survey interview, mainly 1-2 farmers were uncomfortable to tell their stories for which they give my MCQ questionnaire responses. 5. The MCQ Questionnaire was structured mainly on both close-ended questions (quantitative survey) and open-handed questions (qualitative survey) to help analyse personal
encounters better, for which i done both open & close ended questions for farmers but after analyse and took survey in Bijnor district village & asks farmers; firstly they were least interested in telling all this, for which I delete the column of open ended questions and only asks close ended questions to help in filling my survey after which I translated all this in Hindi to them for their better understanding & for my better survey as all of them were comfortable to answers MCQ questions and also mostly all farmers told their short descriptive about my research survey on this.
6. And last, survey & interviews were done I wrote all of them in my notes and MCQ questionnaire responses were saved in my Google forms as I tick that answer what they told. As, the questionnaire consists of 4 required questions, i.e. basic details of farmers like Name, age, Gender, Size of land (in acres), and after that there are 15 MCQ questions consist for both smart & non-smart farmers which is related to areas of work related to smart farming, difficulties, which is best farming (old or new technological farming), is it helps in cutting costs of farming, devices use in them to monitor live data, organisation or government assistance who provides such smart farming, benefits, and also how Covid-19 affected or not for farmers. Research Questions:-
First of all, India’s population is about to increases day by day at a rapid rate after which, what individual person can eat if food production is less or if crop yielding is less by farmers as population is more than the food production and food farming. So, all this things can only handle by farmers and Government if traditional/old primitive methods of farming can be less and accept smart farming techniques for agriculture where wastage of many chemicals and fertilizers/pesticides for crops can be reduce if old methods of farming practices of food production farmers can be less doing and reduce the use of this methods and adopts smart techniques. As, smart farming is the system of farming and management of agriculture land
