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Detail course list for pg chemistry, Exercises of Chemistry

MS University detailed course list for all students

Typology: Exercises

2019/2020

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MANONMANIAM&SUNDARANAR&UNIVERSITY&
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MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY

TIRUNELVELI

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

(Effective from the academic year 201 7 – 2018 onwards)

SEMESTER – I to IV

Course Structure and Examination

Under CBCS System

Dr. S. SELVARAJ

Chair Person

PG Board of Studies - Chemistry

Table – 4 : Common Course Structure for M.Sc. ( Chemistry) Degree programme (with effect from the academic year 2017-2018 onwards) Sem. (1) Sub. No. (2) Subject Status (3) Subject Title (4) Contact Hrs/ week (5) Credits (6) I 1 Core - 1 Organic Chemistry – I 4 4 2 Core - 2 Inorganic Chemistry – I 5 4 3 Core - 3 Physical Chemistry – I 5 4 4 Elective - 1 Advanced Topics In Chemistry – I 4 4 5 Core - 4 Practical - 1 Organic Chemistry Practical – I 4 2 6 Core - 5 Practical - 2 Inorganic Chemistry Practical – I 4 2 7 Core - 6 Practical - 3 Physical Chemistry Practical – I 4 2 Sub total 30 22 II 8 Core - 7 Organic Chemistry – II 5 4 9 Core - 8 Inorganic Chemistry – II 4 4 10 Core - 9 Physical Chemistry – II 5 4 11 Elective - 2 Advanced Topics In Chemistry – II 4 4 12 Core - 10 Practical - 1 Organic Chemistry Practical – II 4 2 13 Core - 11 Practical - 2 Inorganic Chemistry Practical – II 4 2 14 Core - 12 Practical - 3 Physical Chemistry Practical – II 4 2 Sub total 30 22

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

COURSE STRUCTURE AND EXAMINATION UNDER CBCS SYSTEM

FIRST YEAR

(2017- 2018 onwards)

FIRST SEMESTER THEORY

Components Sub.Code Contact Hrs /Week Credits Internal Marks External Marks Total Marks Passing Minimum External Total Core – 1 Organic Chemistry - I PCHM11 4 4 25 75 100 38 50 Core – 2 Inorganic Chemistry - I PCHM12 5 4 25 75 100 38 50 Core – 3 Physical Chemistry - I PCHM13 5 4 25 75 100 38 50 Elective – 1 Advanced Topics in Chemistry – I PCHE11 4 4 25 75 100 38 50 FIRST SEMESTER PRACTICAL Components Sub.Code Contact Hrs / Week Credits Internal Marks External Marks Total Marks Passing Minimum External Total Core – 4 Organic Chemistry practical – I PCHL11 4 2 50 50 100 25 50 Core – 5 Inorganic Chemistry practical-I PCHL12 4 2 50 50 100 25 50 Core – 6 Physical Chemistry practical- I PCHL13 4 2 50 50 100 25 50

SECOND SEMESTER THEORY

Components Sub.Code Contact Hrs / Week Credits Internal Marks External Marks Total Marks Passing Minimum External Total Core – 7 Organic Chemistry - II PCHM 5 4 25 75 100 38 50 Core – 8 Inorganic Chemistry – II PCHM22 (^4 4 25 75 100 38 ) Core – 9 Physical Chemistry - II PCHM 5 4 25 75 100 38 50 Elective – 2 Advanced Topics in Chemistry – II PCHE 4 4 25 75 100 38 50 SECOND SEMESTER PRACTICAL Components Sub. Code Contact Hrs / Week Credits Internal Marks External Marks Total Marks Passing Minimum External Total Core – 10 Organic Chemistry practical – II PCHL21 4 2 50 50 100 25 50 Core – 11 Inorganic Chemistry practical-II PCHL22 4 2 50 50 100 25 50 Core – 12 Physical Chemistry practical- II PCHL23 4 2 50 50 100 25 50

FOURTH SEMESTER THEORY

Components Sub.Code Cont. Hrs / Week Credits Internal Marks External Marks Total Marks Passing Minimum External Total Core – 20 Organic Chemistry - IV PCHM41 4 4 25 75 100 38 50 Core – 21 Inorganic Chemistry-IV PCHM42 4 4 25 75 100 38 50 Core – 22 Physical Chemistry-IV PCHM 4 4 25 75 100 38 50 FOURTH SEMESTER PRACTICAL Components Sub.Code Contact Hrs / Week Credits Internal Marks External Marks Total Marks Passing Minimum External Total Core – 23 Organic Chemistry practical – IV PCHL 4 2 50 50 100 25 50 Core – 24 Inorganic Chemistry practical-IV PCHL 4 2 50 50 100 25 50 Core – 25 Physical Chemistry practical- IV PCHL 4 2 50 50 100 25 50 Core- 26 Project & viva- voce PCHP 6+6* 6 0 100 100 50 50 ***** Extra hours for the project For the project, flexible credits are b/w 5- 8 & Hours per week are b/w 10-16. Total number of credits ≥ 90 : 90 Total number of Core Courses : 26 (13T+12P+1Project) Total number of Elective Courses : 02 Total number of Courses : 28 Total hours : 120

SCHEME OF EVALUATION

The evaluation for each course consists of two components that are internal and external. Theory External : Internal = 75: Practical External : Internal = 50: INTERNAL The internal component consists of following: THEORY Regarding the internal assessment, the maximum 25 marks is allocated in the following manner. Components Marks The average of the best two tests From three compulsory tests 15 Assignment 4 Seminar 6


Total 25


Note : Re internal assessment test for the student will not be allowed PRACTICAL The break-up for the internal component for the practicals will be as follows. Number of experiments = 30 Record = 10 Mid-term test and Model test average = 10


Total 50

EXTERNAL

Theory

The external evaluation will be based on the examinations to be conducted by the university at the end of each semester.

FIRST YEAR

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I

(Semester - I) Sub. Code: PCHM 11

2017 - 18/ MSU/ 46 th^ SCAA/ Affiliated coll. /PG/M.Sc.,(Chemistry)/Sem.-1/Core-1/ Objectives:

  • To understand the concept of Aromaticity, Novel ring systems, Reaction Mechanism, stereochemistry and important reagents for synthetic uses. UNIT – I: AROMATICITY AND NOVEL RING SYSTEM Aromaticity : Benzenoid and non–benzenoid compounds – generations and reactions – sextet theory – MO theory – Huckel’s rule – Annulenes and hetero annulenes – Anti and homo aromaticity – Fullerenes. Novel ring system : Nomenclature of bicyclic and tricyclic systems – structure and synthesis of Adamantane – Congressane – Alternant and non – alternant – Azulene – and sydnones. UNIT – II: ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM AND METHODS Reaction mechanism: Energy diagram of simple Organic reactions – Transition state and intermediate. Kinetic and Thermodynamic requirements of reactions – Baldwin rules for ring closure - Hammond Postulate and microscopic reversibility. Methods: Kinetic and Thermodynamic control of product formation. Kinetic methods of determination: Rate law – Primary and secondary isotope effect. Non-Kinetic methods of determination: Testing and Trapping of intermediates, isotopic labeling, Cross–over experiment and stereo chemical evidence. LFER: Hammett equation – Physical significance of σ and ρ – Applications and Limitations
  • Taft equation. UNIT – III: STEREOCHEMISTRY Concept of chirality: – Enantiotopic, diastereotopic hydrogens and prochiral centres – axial and planar chirality – stereochemistry of compounds containing two dissimilar asymmetric carbons, ansa compounds and para cyclophanes. R/S notations of Spiranes, allenes and Biphenyl ortho derivatives – E/Z notation of compounds containing one and two double bonds.

Stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis – Methods of Asymmetric synthesis including enzymatic and catalytic process – Cram’s rule and Prelog’s rule – Cram chelation model and Felkin – Ahn model. UNIT – IV: REARRANGEMENT REACTIONS Types of rearrangements: Nucleophilic, electrophilic and Free radical and protrophic reactions. Mechanism: Nature of migration – migrating aptitude and memory effects, ring enlargement and ring contraction rearrangements. Reactions: Carbon to carbon migration : Wagner – Meerwein, Pinacol – Pinacolone, Benzil – Benzilic acid, Arndt – Eistert synthesis, Demjanov and dienone-phenol rearrangements. Carbon to oxygen migration: Baeyer–Villiger, Hydro peroxide and Dakin rearrangements. Carbon to Nitrogen migration: Lossen, Neber and curtius rearrangements. Miscellaneous: Von – Richter rearrangement and Fischer - Indole synthesis. UNIT – V: REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Gilman’s reagent – LDA – DCC – 1,3 – dithane (umpolung synthesis ) – Selenium dioxide. Fetizon’s reagent – Lemieux – Von Rudloff reagent – Lemieux–Johnson reagent – Woodward and prevost hydroxylation. Merrifield resin – Vaskas catalyst – Wilkinson’s catalyst. REFERENCES

  1. P. Sykes, ‘A Guide book to mechanism in organic chemistry’, Orient Longman, 1989.
  2. S.M. Mukherji and S.P. singh, ‘ Reaction mechanism in Organic Chemistry ‘, Macmillan India Ltd, 1978.
  3. M. Mukerji, S.P. Singh, and R.P. Kapoor, “Organic chemistry”, Vol. I and II, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1985.
  4. J.March, ‘ Advanced organic chemistry’, Fourth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Newyork, 2006.
  5. I.L. Finar, ‘Organic Chemistry’, Vol I and II, ELBS, fifth Editon, 2001.
  6. F.A. Carey and R.A Sundberg, ‘ Advanced Organic Chemistry’ (part A and B) plenum publishers, 2000.
  7. E.S. Gould, ‘ Mechanism and structure in organic chemistry’ Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc., 1959
  8. S.H. Pine, ‘Organic Chemistry’ , 5th^ Edition, Mc Craw Hill International Edition,
  9. E.L. Eliel, ‘Stereochemistry of Carbon compounds, Mc Craw Hill 1999.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I

(Semester - I) Sub. Code: PCHM

2017 - 18/ MSU/46th^ SCAA/ Affiliated coll./PG/M.Sc.(Chemistry)/Sem.-1/Core-2/ Objectives:

  • To understand different type of bonds and to study different theories of bonding.
  • To understand the acid-base concept, reactions in non-aqueous medium and to study applications of redox potential in inorganic systems.
  • To study the crystal structures, defects in solid crystals, band theory of solids and super conductors.
  • To introduce nuclear chemistry and to study the applications of radio isotopes.
  • To study the extraction of lanthanides and actinides from ores and to understand their properties. Unit – I: CHEMICAL BONDING Valence Bond theory : Linear combination of A.O’s in hybridization – stereochemistry of the hybrid orbitals – Calculation of s and p characters of equivalence and non-equivalence hybrid orbitals – Draw backs of VSEPR theory – Walsh diagrams – Bent’s rule. Molecular Orbital theory: symmetry and overlap in M.O’s, – σ, π, δ M.O’s − phi(𝜙) and mu (μ) bonds (Delta and quadrupole bond formation) – M.O. diagrams of hetero nuclear diatomic molecules (CO, NO) and triatomic molecules (BeH 2 , CO 2 ). Ionic Bond : Lattice energy – Born-Lande equation, Born Haber cycle – problems involving of calculation of electron affinity and lattice energy – Kapustinskii equation. Unit – II: REDOX POTENTIAL AND NON-AQUEOUS SOLVENTS Redox potential: Applications of redox potential to inorganic reactions - factors affecting redox potential. Acid-Base: Concept of acids and bases, Hard Soft Acid Base (HSAB) concept, symbiosis in hardening or softening a centre - levelling effect - acid-base strength verses HSAB principle. Non-aqueous solvents: Classification of protic and aprotic solvents. Self ionization and leveling effect. Reactions in non-aqueous solvents - acid-base reactions, complex formation solvolysis, solvation - reactions in liquid ammonia and liquid SO 2. Use of ionic liquids in synthesis.

Unit – III: SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY Description of crystal structures : calcite, zinc blende, wurtzite, rutile, fluorite, antifluorite, CsCl, CdI 2 , K 2 NiF 4 – spinels and perovskite. Crystal defects in solids – line and plane defects

  • Point defects - Schottky and Frenkel defects – Non-stoichiometric defects – Colour centres
  • Solid electrolytes and their applications. Band theory: Bonding in metals – free electron theory – optical and electrical properties of semiconductors. Super conductivity : High temperature super conductors, properties and applications – BCS theory – Cooper electrons – Meissener effect and levitation. Unit – IV: LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDES Correlation of electronic structures, occurrence, extraction from ores and separation methods (Ion exchange and solvent extraction method) and properties of the elements – Chemistry of separation of Pu from U and fission products – Common and uncommon oxidation states – Comparison with transition elements – Lanthanide and actinide contractions – magnetic characteristics of lanthanides and actinides – Similarities between actinides and lanthanides - Use of lanthanide complexes as shift reagents. UNIT – V: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Atomic nuclei : Nuclear shell structure – nuclear reactions : types, Q-value, threshold energy, cross sections and excitation functions. Direct nuclear reactions – transmutation reactions: stripping and pick-up – high energy reactions : neutron evaporation and spallation – heavy ion reactions – photonuclear reactions. Nuclear fusion and stellar energy – nuclear fission : mass and charge distribution of fission products – fission energy – fission neutrons – theory of nuclear fission – spontaneous fission. Waste disposal and atomic power project in India. Radio isotopes : Preparation - Analytical applications - radio chromatography, neutron activation analysis, neutron absorptiometry and radiometric titrations. REFERENCES
    1. James E. Huheey, Ellen A. Keiter and Richard L. Keiter, Inorganic chemistry: principles Structure and Reactivity , 4th^ Edition, Harper College Publishers, 1993.
    2. F. Albert Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Carlos A. Marilo and Manfred Bochman, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry , Wiley Interscience Publication, 6 th Edition, 1999.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - I

Semester - I Sub.Code:PCHM

2017 - 18/ MSU/46th^ SCAA/ Affiliated coll./PG/M.Sc.(Chemistry)/Sem.-1/Core-3/ Objective : To learn the definitions of Partial molar properties and Phase rule. To understand the Principles of Thermodynamics of irreversible processes, Quantum mechanics and Statistical Thermodynamics UNIT-I Thermodynamics Concepts of Partial molar properties – Partial molar free energy, chemical potential, partial molar volume and its significance. Gibbs-Duhem equation, Gibbs-DuhemMargulus equation. Chemical Potential, Variation of Chemical Potential with temperature and Variation of Chemical Potential with pressure. Determination of partial molar volume: Graphical method, intercept method and Apparent molar volume method. Concept of Fugacity; Determination of Fugacity by graphical method and compressibility factor method, Fugacity of a liquid component in a liquid mixture, Physical significance of Fugacity. Activity and activity coefficient: Definition of activity and activity coefficient, determination of activity coefficient by EMF and solubility method. Thermodynamics of non ideal system-Excess thermodynamic function, GE, SE, HE etc. UNIT-II Phase Rule & Thermodynamics of irreversible processes : Lever rule, Derivation of Lever rule. Phase rule and compressed Phase rule, Derivation of phase rule from the concept of chemical potential. Application of Phase rule to three components system. Principle of triangular diagram: Plots for a mixture of three liquids consisting of one, two and three pairs of partially miscible liquids. Thermodynamics of irreversible processes with simple examples. Uncompensated heat and its physical significance. Entropy production- rate of entropy production, entropy production in chemical reactions. The principle of microscopic reversibility, the Onsager reciprocal relations- Validity and Verification. Thermal osmosis, Thermoelectric phenomena- Electro kinetic and thermo mechanical effects. Application of irreversible thermodynamics to biological and non-linear systems.

UNIT-III

Quantum Chemistry Inadequacy of classical mechanics, Black body radiation, Planck’s quantum theory, Photoelectric effect. Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom :Hydrogen spectra, wave particle duality – uncertainty principle. Operators- Linear, differential, Laplacian, Hermitian and Hamiltonian operators angular momentum operator. Eigen functions and Eigen values. commutation relations, related theorems, simultaneous measurement of several properties : evaluation of commutators such as [(x , Px) and (Lx, Ly)] and their significance. Commutation relations, related theorems. Time-dependent and time-independent Schrödinger wave equations – Postulates of quantum mechanics. UNIT-IV Statistical thermodynamics Concept of thermodynamics and mathematical probabilities – Micro and macro state - phase space – Maxwell – Boltzmann, Bose – Einstein statistics and Fermi – Dirac statistics – comparison and applications – modes of contribution to energy. Partition functions. Separation of partition functions. Translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic partition functions. Interpretation of partition function- relation between partition function and Thermodynamic properties: Internal energy, entropy, enthalpy, Helmholtz function, pressure, Gibbs function, residual entropy, equilibrium constant, average energies. Equipartition theorem. Statistical approach to Heat capacity of mono and diatomic gases. Heat capacity of solids- Einstein and Debye models. UNIT-V: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY Introduction and Rotational Spectroscopy Electromagnetic radiation: quantization of energy; rotational, vibrational, and electronic energy levels and transitions in molecules; regions and representation of spectra. Resolution and intensity of spectral transition: signal-to-noise ratio; width of spectral lines- collision broadening, Doppler broadening, Heisenberg uncertainty principle; intensity of spectral lines-selection rules and transition probability, transition moment integral, Einstein absorption and emission coefficients, Boltzmann distribution. Enhancing sensitivity of spectral lines: Fourier Transform (FT) and computer averaging techniques (CAT). Diatomic molecules as rigid rotors: rotational energy levels, intensity of spectral lines, select ion rules, effect of isotopic substitution. Diatomic molecules as non-rigid rotors: rotational transitions, centrifugal distortion constant; rotational spectra of linear and symmetric top polyatomic molecules.

LABORATORY COURSE

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL – I

(Semester - I) Sub. Code: PCHL

2017 - 18/ MSU/46th^ SCAA/ Affiliated coll./PG/M.Sc.(Chemistry)/Sem.-1/Core - 4/Cpr-1/ A. Separation of Organic mixture: (i) Separation of two component mixture and determination of their physical Constants. (ii) Separation and analysis of at least six two component mixture. The students are expected to determine the physical constants for both the components as well as their Derivatives. (iii) Analysis may be performed in micro (or) macro scale depending upon the Conditions of the laboratory B. For Class Work Only: (1) Separation of Caffeine from Tea / Coffee. (2) Separation of green, blue, red inks by TLC method REFERENCES:

  1. F. C. Mann and B. C. Saunders, Practical organic chemistry, Fourth edition, ELBS,
  2. A.I. Vogel, A Text book of Practical organic chemistry.
  3. A.I. Vogel, A Text book of Quantitative Organic Analysis, 1989.
  4. Raj K. Bansal, Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1990.
  5. Moore, Dalrympk and Rodig, Experimental methods in organic chemistry, 3rd edition, Saunders College publishing, The Oxford Press, 1982.
  6. Bassett et.al, A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS, 1986
  7. Roberts, Gilbert, Reidwald-Wingrove. An Introduction to Experimental Organic Chemistry, 1969.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL - I

(Semester - I) Sub. Code: PCHL

2017 - 18/ MSU/

th SCAA/ Affiliated coll./PG/M.Sc.(Chemistry)/Sem.-1/Core - 5/Cpr-2/ I. Qualitative analysis of inorganic mixtures containing two familiar and two less familiar cations: Pb, Cu, Bi, Cd, Sb, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca, Ba, Sr, W, Tl, Te, Se, Mo, Ce, Th, Zr, V, U, Ti and Li. REFERENCES

  1. G. Svehla, Vogel's qualitative inorganic analysis , 7 th Edition, Pearson Education India, 2008.
  2. V. Ramanujan, Inorganic Semi-micro Qualitative Analysis , 3rd^ Edition., National Publishing Company, Chennai, 1990.