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In 1986, Marilyn Kozak examined thousands of human genes to determine the consensus sequence surrounding the initiation of translation site.
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A consensus sequence is determined by aligning many nucleotide (or protein) sequences that share a common function, then determining the most commonly expressed nucleotide (or amino acid) at each position. Often conserved sequences reflect a common function or binding domain. In this exercise you will identify important nucleotides in the region for the initiation of translation. Below is a table that lists the nucleotide sequence surrounding the AUG start codon (highlighted) for ten human genes. For each column, tally the frequency of each nucleotide (A, G, C and U) in the table below.
Because there are four nucleotides that are possible at each position in the sequence, if the distribution of these nucleotides is totally random, you would expect the frequency of each nucleotide to be ¼,.or 25%. This is a small sample, so we don’t expect a perfect match to this distribution. Look for any position at which one of the nucleotides is present very frequently