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Development Psychology, Summaries of Developmental Psychology

The student reviewed the article and deduced the author’s perspective on developmental stages

Typology: Summaries

2023/2024

Uploaded on 07/03/2025

shaneil-guidry
shaneil-guidry 🇺🇸

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Article Summary: Developmental Psychology Articles
Within the first selected article, Stress Processors Linking to Parent-Child Disconnection
to Disease Risk in Young Adulthood-Amplification by Genotype, authors Bae and Wickrama
present a strong argument regarding the connection between a weak family unit identified in
early childhood and the susceptibility of poor health in young adulthood. Bae and Wickrama
hypothesize that if a child does not have a supportive family unit early on in life, then that child
is prone primarily to develop physiological diseases, some of which can ultimately be life-
threatening.
The authors have conducted numerous studies to support this article's hypothesis. Parents
who present stressful living environments and show little to no affection tend to have children
who become isolated and withdrawn. Such an environment can harm how a child may interact
in school, among peers, and even in their overall cognitive behavior. “Adverse parent–child
relationships in early years and stressful life experiences in later years can be considered as two
psychologically distinct constructs, both of which contribute to young adults’ health outcomes
through different etiological processes (McCutcheon et al. 2010)”, (Bae & Wickrama, pg.2,
2017).
The hypothesis presented by the authors of the selected article is that if a child is
provided with a strong family dynamic early on in life that constructively address stressor, then
that child will have the ability to better handle confrontation, future life stressors, obtain healthy
relationships, and will have a lesser chance of suffering from various diseases that can be
brought on by stressors that are poorly handled.
Researchers Bae and Wickrama sought to prove their hypothesis by measuring the
disconnection between parent and child utilizing a relationship measurement report. Within the
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Article Summary: Developmental Psychology Articles Within the first selected article, Stress Processors Linking to Parent-Child Disconnection to Disease Risk in Young Adulthood-Amplification by Genotype , authors Bae and Wickrama present a strong argument regarding the connection between a weak family unit identified in early childhood and the susceptibility of poor health in young adulthood. Bae and Wickrama hypothesize that if a child does not have a supportive family unit early on in life, then that child is prone primarily to develop physiological diseases, some of which can ultimately be life- threatening. The authors have conducted numerous studies to support this article's hypothesis. Parents who present stressful living environments and show little to no affection tend to have children who become isolated and withdrawn. Such an environment can harm how a child may interact in school, among peers, and even in their overall cognitive behavior. “Adverse parent–child relationships in early years and stressful life experiences in later years can be considered as two psychologically distinct constructs, both of which contribute to young adults’ health outcomes through different etiological processes (McCutcheon et al. 2010)”, (Bae & Wickrama, pg.2, 2017). The hypothesis presented by the authors of the selected article is that if a child is provided with a strong family dynamic early on in life that constructively address stressor, then that child will have the ability to better handle confrontation, future life stressors, obtain healthy relationships, and will have a lesser chance of suffering from various diseases that can be brought on by stressors that are poorly handled. Researchers Bae and Wickrama sought to prove their hypothesis by measuring the disconnection between parent and child utilizing a relationship measurement report. Within the

first portion of the research, the researchers focused on the non-bonding families. A total of five questions were presented to the mothers of each child. These five questions were used to gauge the relationship between the mother and the child; scales were used for measuring. In turn, the adolescents were asked a total of six questions, also measured utilizing rankings. The overall study consisted of 20,745 adolescent participants from 134 middle and high schools. The mother was selected as the respondent from each of the adolescents. The data collected from the study showed that individuals who felt less connected to their parent(s) have a greater risk of experiencing health problems in the future. “As expected, parent–child disconnection, stressful life events, and cardio-metabolic disease risk were significantly intercorrelated in the expected directions; parent–child dis- connection was significantly correlated with stressful life events in young adulthood, which, in turn, was significantly correlated with young adults' cardiometabolic disease risk” (Bae & Wickrama, pg. 6, 2017). The conclusion reached by Bae and Wickrama indicated that their hypothesis was indeed supported. Bae and Wickrama conveyed that the data collected throughout the study enabled them to develop methods and tools that can assist with the prevention and intervention of potential health risks in young adults when taught to deal with stressors within a more connected family unit. Researchers Bae and Wickrama are under no illusion that children will not avoid health risks when entering their young adulthood; this duo of researchers is just presenting an argument that will help others see that there are ways to minimize such health risks. While the second selected article strongly aligns with Bae and Wickrama’s hypothesis and the presented data, the researchers within the selected article are less specific when discussing the effects of early-on stressors on future health issues. The researchers within the

disconnecting families and adverse sociocultural environments, this team of researchers sought to eliminate other possible factors that led to future poor health or to show that one aspect may outweigh the other. The participants in this study agreed to enter into a 10-year longitudinal study. Ages 15 to 18 years were selected, and the researchers focused on identifying those individuals within that age group from two large cities (Chicago and Los Angeles). In addition, the researchers focused on two demographics from the suburbs of the selected cities. Each participant was to complete an adversity interview early on, and psychopathology was examined in both early childhood and late adolescence. DSM-IV scales and the "Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—IV" were utilized throughout the clinical trial. The semi- structured Childhood Trauma Interview was administered to the participants from early childhood to mid-adolescence as well. This team of researchers were seeking to ensure that no stone was left uncovered. With the gathering of their data, Walitsky and the team discovered that it was hard to isolate one variable from another. Meaning the researchers concluded that more testing was needed to connect stressors/adverse to later health issues in young adults without considering substance abuse. Substance abuse could be the leading cause of poor health in young adults more so than stressors; however, the stressors may be encouraging substance abuse that later welcomes poor health. Due to not all early-on stressors ending in substance abuse, Walitsky et al. (2017) seek to see just when the road splits. Overall, the researchers in the second article continue to work to bring life to their hypothesis. Extended studies continue, and more limitations are also being identified in the process. The ultimate goal that this team of researchers aims to achieve is to provide various

groups with tools that reconnect families, the adoption of coping strategies, and the means to avoid the increase of substance abuse and future poor health. When looking at both of the studies, a reader can see various similarities, whether it be targeted demographic, research methods, and, most importantly, a common goal that could bring hope to many communities.