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The Digestive System: A Comprehensive Guide for Students, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Human Biology

Food enters the stomach from the esophagus. ➢ Hydrochloric Acid is produced in the stomach to digest proteins and kill off bacteria.

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2021/2022

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Esophagus
(food pipe)
Tongue
Salivary
Glands
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Small Intestine
(duodenum)
Small Intestine
(jejunum)
Small Intestine
(illium)
Appendix
Large Intestine
(ascending colon)
Large Intestine
(transverse colon)
Large Intestine
(descending colon)
Rectum
Anus
Gallbladder
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pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
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pf1b
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Download The Digestive System: A Comprehensive Guide for Students and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Human Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Esophagus

(food pipe)

Tongue

Salivary

Glands

Liver

Stomach

Pancreas

Small Intestine

(duodenum)

Small Intestine

(jejunum)

Small Intestine

(illium)

Appendix

Large Intestine

(ascending colon)

Large Intestine

(transverse colon)

Large Intestine

(descending colon)

Rectum

Anus

Gallbladder

Digestive System Diagram

Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Saliva Hydrochloric Acid Pepsin Trypsin Bile Lipase Stomach Small Intestine Enzymes from Liver and Pancreas

Large Intestine

(Transverse Colon) Descending Circulatory Colon System Kidneys

Water and Vitamins Nutrients The Digestive System Esophagus Mouth On your Digestive System Cartoon … Label these parts: Mouth Esophagus Small Intestine Large Intestine Circulatory System Kidneys

Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Saliva Hydrochloric Acid Pepsin Bile Lipase Stomach Small Intestine Enzymes from Liver and Pancreas

Large Intestine

(Transverse Colon) Descending Circulatory Colon System Kidneys

Water and Vitamins Nutrients The Digestive System Esophagus Mouth On your Digestive System Cartoon … Label these: Nutrients Water and Vitamins Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Trypsin

Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Saliva Hydrochloric Acid Pepsin Bile Lipase Stomach Small Intestine Enzymes from Liver and Pancreas

Large Intestine

(Transverse Colon) Descending Circulatory Colon System Kidneys

Water and Vitamins Nutrients The Digestive System Esophagus Mouth Trypsin On your Digestive System Cartoon … Label these: #1 (Urine/pee pee) #2 (Solid Waste/poop)

View the Video clip from

A.D.A.M.

found on the Human Biology/Links page of our

website (www.myscience8.com)

Digestion

Answer all questions on the answer sheet

Click here

View the Video clip from

A.D.A.M.

found on the Human Biology/Links page of our

website (www.myscience8.com)

Heartburn

Answer all questions on the answer sheet

Click here

View the Video clip from

A.D.A.M.

found on the Human Biology/Links page of our

website (www.myscience8.com)

Swallowing

Answer all questions on the answer sheet

Click here

View the Video clip from

A.D.A.M.

found on the Human Biology/Links page of our

website (www.myscience8.com)

Ulcers

Answer all questions on the answer sheet

Click here

The Mouth

 Food is cooled or warmed to body

temperature.

 Teeth chop and grind food and the

tongue mashes the food.

 Saliva moistens the food and begins

breaking down carbohydrates.

 The tongue moves the food to the back

of the mouth to be swallowed.

The Throat

 The Epiglottis closes off the wind pipe (trachea).

 Muscles push food into the esophagus.

The Salivary Glands  Produce saliva.

 Saliva is an enzyme

(chemical) that

begins the

breakdown of

starches.

 Food becomes moist

and “mushy” so that

it can be easily

swallowed. The food

is now called a Bolis.

Your Teeth are specialized

 An adult has 32 teeth including 4 wisdom teeth.

 The Incisors are shaped like knives for cutting and slicing.

 The Canines have points for piercing and tearing.

 The Premolars and Molars have broad, bumpy surfaces for grinding.

1 st^ Molar 2 nd^ Molar 3rd Molar (wisdom tooth) Premolars Incisors Canine Tooth Anatomy  Enamel is the hardest part of tooth. Made mostly of mineral.  Dentin is softer than enamel. Contains some living cells.  Pulp is also called the “nerve” of the cell. It is a soft tissue that contains living nerve cells. (Wisdom teeth)

The Stomach

 Food enters the stomach from the esophagus.

 Hydrochloric Acid is produced in the stomach to digest proteins and

kill off bacteria.

 Pepsin (a digestive enzyme) is produced to help digest proteins.

 Mucus is produced by glands of the stomach to protect the stomach

from its own acid.

 Sphincter muscles control both ends of the stomach to allow food to

enter and exit.

 The stomach is made of 3 strong layers of muscle which mixes and

mashes the food with digestive enzymes.

Stomach

An ulcer forms when the stomach’s protection breaks down its own

acid begin to eat through the stomach.

Stomach

Small Intestine

 The longest part of the alimentary

canal (digestive tract).

 Divided into 3 parts:

Duodenum – first segment

Jejunum – middle segment

Illeum – last segment

 Digestive enzymes from the liver

and pancreas help to break down

food further.

 Nutrients are absorbed into the

body through the villi.

Duodenum

Jejunum

Illeum

Small

Intestine

Nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine where the blood carries them to all the cells of the body. The Basic Nutrients are:

 Amino Acids

 Simple Sugars

 Fatty Acids

The inside lining of the small intestine contains Villi.

These Villi tiny are fingerlike projections through

which the nutrients are absorbed into the

bloodstream. The Villi capture nutrients as they

move through the small intestine.

Villi

Photograph of Villi magnified

(very high power)

Note; your microscope

will not show nearly the

detail as in this picture.

Blood vessels Glands secreting digestive enzymes Small Intestine

Appendix Large Intestine

(transverse colon)

Large Intestine

(ascending colon)

Large Intestine

(descending colon)

Rectum Anus

Large intestine

Large Intestine In the Large Intestine:  Indigestible parts of food move from the small intestine to the large intestine.  Water and vitamins are absorbed back in the blood to be reused.  The remaining waste passes to the RECTUM where peristalsis forces it through the ANUS and out of the body. The Large Intestine is made of 3 parts:  Ascending colon  Transverse colon  Descending colon Note: The Appendix serves no useful purpose. Perhaps it had a role in digesting rough foods many, many years ago.

Rectum