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BASIC COMPUTER SYSTEM
OPERATIONS SKILL
Pre-requisite: NIL
Elemen t No. Element Name Hours Total Th Pr Hours 1 Basics of Computer System 6 0 30 2 Laying hands on computer system 2 2 3 Creation/customization of Files and Folders 2 2 4 Establishing Internet Connectivity and Internet Browsing 4 4 5 Email and related Services 4 4 Total 18 12 30
Ignite Mind
"Computing is not about computers anymore, it is about Living" Nicholas Negroponte
Learning Objectives
After studying this unit the students will attain competencies to: Identify, describe and connect various parts of computer system Start, work on and shut down a computer system Manage and customize files and folders Establish an internet connection and browse for information on internet Use email and related services
Introduction
Just a few years back, people used to pick up paper and pen to do all their calculations. A good knowledge of mathematics was required to solve complicated problems related to calculations and yet the process was quite time consuming. People used to fill in lot of pages in their diaries with the contact address and phone numbers of their friends, relatives and clients. A great effort used to go in searching for information from large number of
pages of different books and notebooks. Big companies used to invest a lot of amount in transportation of their experts to various work locations to solve day to day problems. People used to communicate through traditional mails
- which used to take 3 to 10 days time to reach destinations. Today, Information Technology (IT) has a great influence on all aspects of our life. Almost all work places and our lives are getting automated with the help of IT tools and its applications. IT is acquiring, processing, storing and disseminating numerical, textual, audio and video form of information with the help of electronic machine, computing instructions and network applications. Moreover, knowledge of IT is an essential component to prepare the current generation to work in these environments to equip them with various aspects of it such as understanding the concept of IT and its scope, operating a computer, using various office tools, using Internet etc. This chapter will deals with the basics of IT. Resource Requirements
Hardware
A computer system with Internet connectivity
Software
GUI Operating System Internet Browser Suggestions for Effective Teaching Encourage peer learning in Computer Lab Ensure that students follow standard procedures to logon/logoff a computer. Ensure the proper connectivity of I/O devices Encourage students to explore opportunities as IT Professionals Introduce how to integrate IT Tools with traditional practices at various work places Encourage students to follow best practices such as taking backup of files, turning off devices when not in use Educate students to keep storage media virus free Sensitize students on ethical and health related issues
memory unit acts as a temporary store of a company, where small amount of data is stored while other operations are being performed. In addition to these units, a computer system also has secondary storage device to hold or store large amount of data for later use by various applications running on it. Figure 1.1 illustrates the interconnection of these units and secondary storage device. Figure 1.1: Block diagram of a Computer System Now, you must be wondering how you can recognize these units in the form of real devices in a personal computer system. You might have seen a device having several buttons (known as keys) with alphabets and numbers, this device is known as keyboard, which acts as an input device of the computer system. You might have also seen another oval shaped device with two/three buttons in front, this device is known as mouse, which is also an input device of the computer system. Further, you can see a vertically standing/horizontally places box/case with an on/off/reset button – this cabinet/case is known as CPU cabinet, which also contains place to hold secondary storage devices such as hard disk to hold large amount of data and instructions and Compact Disc (CD)/Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)/Blue Ray drive to keep data on portable discs. One of the most common output devices is LCD/LED/Monitor, which is used as output unit to display the results coming out from a computer. The computer system may also have some more Input Unit (Data & Instructions) Output Unit (Information – Result) Central Processing Unit (CPU) Control Unit (CU) ALU MU Secondary Storage Devices Flow of Data (^) Flow of Instructions
additional devices connected with it to act as input and output devices as per the requirement of an individual work. For example, Input/ Output device Purpose Sample Requirement Mic/mike Used to take the audio input To record nursery rhymes in the system Scanner Used to accept digital input from a paper picture/image/document. To scan a picture that is to be included in an assignment Camera Used to accept image/video inputs To take pictures of students for identity cards. Barcode Reader Used to read barcode To read Barcodes present on books being issued/returned in the School library. Printer Used to print output on paper To print an assignment on paper Speaker Used for audio output To listen to Nursery Rhymes from the system The memory unit of CPU is further divided into two components, one is known as Random Access Memory (RAM) to take care of intermediate storage of data while working on a computer system and another Read Only Memory (ROM) to keep the essential instructions written and stored by the manufacturer to load operating system and take care of basic input/output operations – also referred as BIOS i.e. Basic Input Output System. In the computer, the data is stored in the form of Bits and Bytes. Bit (Binary Digit represented by 0 or 1) is the smallest storage unit, 8 Bits combined together form a single byte, which in turn represent a single character. Let us see an example, if the name “RAVI” is required to be stored in computer, it will need 4 bytes in the computer’s memory. The following table represents other higher units of computer memory. Memory unit Relationship with earlier memory unit In equivalent Bytes Kilo Byte (KB) 1 Kilo Byte = 1024 Bytes(or 2 (^10) Bytes) 1024
Figure 1.2: CPU Cabinet Back Panel Now, let us connect/check the connections between various parts of a personal computer. Try to locate all the sockets or ports, which are present behind the CPU Cabinet as shown in Figure 1.2. Some of the common sockets/ports are power socket for connecting power cable, PS2 ports for connecting Mouse & Keyboard, USB Port for connecting USB devices such as mouse, keyboard, printer, pen drive etc., VGA port for connecting Monitor/Screen. Connect Monitor with VGA cable, mouse & keyboard with PS2/USB cable and power on the CPU after connecting power cable. Your computer should display some message from the manufacturer and then it should start the Operating System (boot up with the operating system). Once the booting process is over, you will see the desktop – the first screen you see in the beginning, to allow you to chose and start the application of your choice. Some of the common ports & cables along with their pictures are described in Figure 1.3: USB Port & Cables Firewire Port & Cables Ethernet (RJ45) Port & Cables
A USB (Universal Serial Bus) port is a standard cable connection interface available on personal computers and some other electronic devices for data communication. USB ports allow stand-alone electronic devices to be connected with the help of cables to a computer (or to each other). USB ports can also supply electric power across the cable to devices without their own. Pins: 4 Standard: Industry Standard in 1990 FireWire® ports are forms of a serial port that make use of FireWire® technology to transfer data rapidly from one electronic device to another. The FireWire® port has the ability to interact with a number of different devices. A FireWire® port can provide an ideal way to connect a scanner and digital camera to a computer system as the data transfer is relatively faster than on USB and also results in excellent quality. Pins: 4,6, Standard: IEEE 1394 Ethernet Port is used to connect computers and other devices to form a computer network. It uses Ethernet cables to establish efficient and effective communication between computers and other peripheral devices such as modem, router, multimedia projector etc. Pins: 8 Pins Standard: IEEE Std 802.1 to 802. Figure 1.3: Common Ports and Cables Apart from the above, let us now try to understand a little bit about the parallel port, which is now phasing out and apparently missing in all the latest personal computers. A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers for connecting various peripherals as shown in Figure 1.4. It is also known as a printer port. The IEEE 1284 standard defines the bi- directional version of the port, which allows the transmission and reception of data bits at the same time.
- 8 - Know More! “Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers” IEEE (read I-Triple-E) is the world’s largest professional association dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity. IEEE and its members inspire a global community through IEEE's highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities.
Hard disc, Floppy Disk, CD, DVD, Blue Ray, Pen Drive and Memory Stick are some examples of storage devices. Bit (i.e. B inary Dig it ) is smallest unit of computer memory. 8 bits form a byte, which is used to represent a character 1 Kilo Byte = 1024 Bytes, 1 Mega Byte =1024 Kilo Bytes, 1 Giga Byte = 1024 Mega Bytes, 1 Tera Byte=1024, 1 Giga Byte (Note: 1024=2^10 )
Self Assessment
S.N
o. I am able to… Yes No 1 Identify Screen, CPU Cabinet, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer. 2 Distinguish between common i/o ports and connectors. 3 Classify given input and output devices.
_________________________________________ Now I can answer …
- What is Input Unit of a computer system? Ans-Input unit is the unit which helps the user to enter raw material and instruction to the computer
- What is output unit of a computer system? ANS-the output unit produces the results in the disered format for the users.
- What is the job of Control Unit inside CPU? ANS-CPU is known as the brain of the computer. It performs the operation as per the given instruction.
- What is the job of Arithmetic Logic Unit inside CPU? ANS-It performs all the mathmetical sums in the operatintg system
- Name four input devices and write the type of input that can be entered through them into a computer system.
- ANS-1st-keyboard-used to enter all written information in the operating system 2 nd^ scanner-it is used to scan the thing and give info to the computer 3 rd^ joystick – used to play games in the operating system.. 4 th^ mike-used to record the voice in the operating system.
- Name four output devices and write the type of output that can be exhibited through them. ANS- 1st^ monitor-used to display that we input in the operating system.
2 nd-speaker-to listen the voice of the operating system 3 rd-printer-used to print the pages,banners etc. 4 th^ camera used to take te photos and display it.
Figure 1.5: Desktop It is also important for you to know, which area of desktop will perform an operation on left click of a mouse button. You can click on any shortcut or buttons, to start an application or to perform the desired task. Now, just look at the figure 1.7 to view a sample menu and sub-menu display, which you will see after clicking the Start Menu. Here, you will see various options you can choose from. The common ones are: (i) Help & Support to provide documented form of basic help information to work on the computer, (ii) Search to help you searching for an applications or a file, (iii) Settings to customize various settings (Display, Hardware, Software etc.) of the computer, (iv) Documents to provide you quick links to all recent documents, which were opened/modified recently on the computer, (v) Programs to display a submenu with list of various applications available on the computer to work on. The Start menu also gives you an option to Log Off/Shut Down/Turn Off the computer. These options may vary from version Default Icons with shortcuts to default applications START Button Active application Shortcuts for various applications Time and Active Utilities Taskbar Desktop Mouse Pointer
to version and OS to OS. You can easily identify them, as you will find similar names for them. Let us now, discuss about some common applications, which come along with the operating system. Notepad is one such application, which allows you to type in the content in a text file, save it on the hard disk and print the same, if required. Figure 1.6: Start Menu and Program Menu In My Computer or Computer , you will find a list of all the Secondary Storage device(s) available on your computer. These drives are represented in the form of alphabets (from A: to Z: ). For example C: Drive normally represents the first hard disk present in your system, D: Drive may represent the second hard disk or CD/DVD Drive. A: and B: Drives normally represent Floppy Drives, last alphabets are normally used to represent Network Drives
Figure 1.8: Files and Folders
Creating a Text file using Notepad
Open Notepad by Clicking Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> Notepad OR Click Start -> Run and type in NOTEPAD and click on open Once the notepad is loaded, type the content required by you in the text file. Figure 1.9: Notepad Content Typing Saving the File: After typing in the desired content, you may like to save the content permanently on the hard disk of the computer or any other secondary storage device. To do this, you need to follow the instructions given below:
[1] Click File -> [2] Click Save -> [3] Chose the correct location -> [4] Type in the name of the file -> [5] Click Save button Printing File: Follow the following steps to print the content of the text file [1] Click File -> [2] Click Print -> [3] Select Printer -> [4] Click Print Button Figure 1.10: Saving a TEXT file in Notepad Creating a picture using Paint tool Open Paint tool by Clicking Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> Paint OR 1 2 3 4 5
Figure 1.12a: Basic Color Palette Figure 1.12b: Edit Color Palette Saving the File: After drawing picture, you can save the file permanently in hard disk or any other storages device in various file formats such as BMP (Bit Map File – this is a large picture file format, can also be used to be inserted in a document), JPG (here JPG is the short form of Joint Picture Expert Group – this small/large picture file format is most common picture file format, also used on the website or can be inserted in the documents) and GIF (Graphic Image File - this small/large picture file format is also a common picture file format, can be used on the website or can be inserted in the documents). A sample screen shot is shown in the Figure 1.14 to save the file in the desired format. To do this, you need to follow the instructions given below: [1] Click File -> [2] Click Save -> [3] Chose the correct location -> [4] Select the required picture file format [5] Type in the name of the file -> [6] Click Save button
Figure 1.13: Edit Color Palette Let us see the use of different tools, to decide which tool to be opted for a particular shape or design. You will use the pencil tool to freely draw any shape using requiring a thin tip. The Figure 1.14 illustrates some of the drawing made with the help of pencil tool. Before drawing any shape or design, you can choose the color of pencil accordingly. 3 4 5 6
