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Disadvantages of Cultural Controls - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides, Slides of Pest Management

The LNM Institute of Information TechnologyPest Management

Main topics of this course are: Biocontrol Approaches, Decision Making, Disadvantages of Cultural Controls, EBPM Status, Enforced Crop Production Rules, Hybrid Sterility, IPM Evolution Continued, Regulatory Tactics, Resistance Categories. Key points of this lecture slides are: Disadvantages of Cultural Controls, Energy Intensive, Widespread Adoption, Conflict Illustration, Agronomic Traits, Field Preparation and Planting, Cultivation and Fertility, Organic and Synthetic, Planting Method, Croppin

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/31/2013

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Disadvantages of Cultural Controls
•Some are not environmentally benign (e.g.
conventional tillage, residue burning)
•May alter crop value or gross income
(planting date, harvesting, spacing)
•Some are labor/energy intensive (pruning,
tillage)
•Widespread adoption may be low
•Many conflicts
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Download Disadvantages of Cultural Controls - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides and more Slides Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!

Disadvantages of Cultural Controls

  • Some are not environmentally benign (e.g. conventional tillage, residue burning)
  • May alter crop value or gross income (planting date, harvesting, spacing)
  • Some are labor/energy intensive (pruning, tillage)
  • Widespread adoption may be low
  • Many conflicts

Conflict Illustration

Time

Pest Density

Susceptibility Period^ Crop’s Maximum

Normal Planting DateLate Planting Date

Conflicts Occur with:

  • Agronomic Traits
  • Other Pests
  • Markets
  • Other Cropping Practices

Begin Discussion of Cultural Control Categories

Prevention/Preplanting Tactics

  • Site selection
  • Preventing pest transport (equipment, soil)
  • Use pest-free seed/transplants/rootstock

Cropping Tactics

  • Trap/Barrier Crops
    • Trap crops are destroyed with the pest
    • Barrier crops are on field perimeter
  • Intercropping – Two or more useful crops
  • Cultivar mixtures – Different cultivars may have to be planted in different fields to create a “cultivar patchwork”. Multilines will be discussed in HPR.
  • Water Management

Cropping Tactics – Crop Rotation

  • Intercropping in time
  • Especially effective against soil-based pests: Weeds, soil-borne pathogens, root- feeding insects
  • For weeds:
    • Changes weed complex
    • Not stand alone weed mgmt, instead used to facilitate weed mgmt

Sanitation

  • Residue Removal
  • Burning/Flaming
  • Pruning (Removing Part of a Plant)
    • Infected/Infested host tissue
    • Foliage that provides pest access
    • Alters canopy microclimate
  • Roguing (Removing an Entire Plant)
    • Crop hosts
    • Alternate hosts
  • Removing Other Resources (Often in Structures)
    • Harborage sites
    • Food/water sources

Biological Control

  • One of the oldest pest management tools
  • One of the most complex
  • Excludes some biologically-based tools
    • Use of pests own behavior, biology, ecology
    • Use of crop resistance
  • As a result, many definitions

Biological Control

  • Natural Control vs Biological Control
    • Natural Control is unmanaged, Biological Control is managed. Definition of “managed” can be pretty loose.
  • Natural Enemy = NE = “Biological Control Agent” & “Biocontrol Agent” - Any non-crop species that is antagonistic to the pest. Includes predators, parasites, parasitoids, pathogens, competitors. - May be managed or unmanaged.

Biocontrol Ideal

EIL

Population Density

Time

Biocontrol agent introduced Pest

Biocontrol Agent

Biocontrol usually allows some

injury and/or damage

EIL

Population Density

Time

}

Biocontrol agent population always lags behind the pest population. This allows thepest population to build up to some extent.

Pest complex characteristics

conducive to biocontrol

  • Few species in the target niche
  • Stable species composition
  • Few key pests, few direct pests
  • Ideally, minor pest species can act as alternate hosts/prey

Note the benefits of biocontrol, pp 338 - 339

Characteristics of Effective NE’s

  • Can detect pest populations at low densities
  • Rapid population growth relative to pest population
  • High pest destruction rate per capita
  • Synchronized phenology
  • Persistence at low host density
  • Persistence over cropping seasons/rotations
  • Tolerant of management actions
  • Willingly adopted by pest managers & growers

Common Trade-off Quesitons

  • Generalists vs. specialists.
  • Multiple vs. single biocontrol species