Download DMI 181 Cardiovascular pathology & Gastrointestinal pathology Exam and more Exams Pathology in PDF only on Docsity!
DMI 181 Cardiovascular pathology & Gastro-
intestinal pathology Exam
- anus what is letter P
- large intestine Which part of the colon is seen(entire image)
- cardiomegaly enlargement of the heart
- layers of the heart epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
- echocardiogram ultrasound of the heart
- Superior and inferior vena cava veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the systemic circuit
- Aorta The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.
- How many chambers of the heart are there
4 chambers
- 4 chambers of the heart right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit
- The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs
DMI 181 Cardiovascular pathology & Gastro-
intestinal pathology Exam
- valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
- valve between left atrium and left ventricle
tricuspid valve
bicuspid (mitral) valve
- Layers of the abdominal cavity visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, mesentery, omentum
- visceral peritoneum the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
- parietal peritoneum the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
- mesentery, a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
- omentum a fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs.
- Parts of the large intestine cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal, anus
- rectum what is letter O
- CAD coronary artery disease
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart
DMI 181 Cardiovascular pathology & Gastro-
intestinal pathology Exam
- transposition of great vessels Is an anomaly in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle instead of the left ventricle and the pulmonary trunk arises from the left ventricle instead of the right ventricle
- tetralogy of Fallot Is a combination of four defects pulmonary stenosis, ven- tricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle
- valvular diseases rheumatic fever & valvular stenosis
- rheumatic fever Most common cause of chronic valve disease and of the heart this condition most frequently attects the mutual and aortic valves and is more common in women than in men
- valvular disease Is caused by scarring of the valve cusp that eventually adhere to one another. The results become apparent in adult life because it generally takes years for the scarring to attect the valve function mitral valve stenosis inhibits blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
- Congestive heart failure Heart is unable to propel blood at a suflcient rate and volume
- Types of congested heart failure Left sided failure and right sided failure
- Left sided failure When the left ventricle of the heart cannot pump an amount of blood equal to the venous return in the right ventricle the pulmonary circulatory subsystem becomes overloaded
- Right sided failure
Not as common as the left and occurs when the right ventricle cannot pump as much blood as it receives from the right atrium
- Core pulmonale Results from lung disorder producing hypertension in the pulmonary artery and an enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart. it may be acute in the case of pulmonary embolism or chronic as a result of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Degenerative diseases Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
- Atherosclerosis Is a degenerative condition that attects the major arteries of the body often termed hardening of the arteries it is the most prevalent disease in humans
- Coronary artery disease Results from the deposition of atheroma in the artery supplying blood to the heart muscle. as plaques accu- mulate in the coronary arteries blood supply to the heart muscle is decreased
- Types of coronary artery disease ischemia and infarct
- ischemia Insuflcient oxygen in the blood
- infarct Tissue defect
- myocardial infarction Most commonly caused by an acute thrombus of the coronary artery and primarily attects the left and 12 heart
- Blood clot Thrombus
- Aneurysms A localized ballooning or outpouching of a vessel
- Two causes of free air in the ab- domen
The presence of free air in the abdominal cavity indicates perforation of the GI track
trauma or issues in the O R
- ascites accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
- congenital diseases of the ab- domen and gastrointestinal re- gion
Esophageal atresia Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis malrotation of intestines Hirschsprung disease
- Esophageal atresia Congenital failure of the esophagus to fully develop
- Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis A congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the Con- nection between the duodenum and the pylorus of the stomach is closed
- Malrotation of intestines Intestines are not in their normal position
- Hirschsprung disease absent ganglion cells in submucosal/myenteric plexus rectosigmoid
- Inflammatory diseases Gastroesophageal reflux disease peptic ulcer Gastritis Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis colonic diverticula
- Gastroesophageal reflex disease / GERD
Results from an incompetent cardiac sphincter which allows the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into
the esophagus reflux esophagitis is the primary cause of esophageal inflammation
- Peptic ulcer The erosion of the mucous membrane of the lower end of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum by acid digestion
- Gastritis Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach may lead to ulcers
- Crohn's disease Chronic inflammation bowel disease of unknown etiolo- gy attects all any parts of the intestine and spreads deep into the layers causing great pain
- Radiographic appearance of Crohn's disease
Cobblestone or stone like appearance
- Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory lesion of the inner mucus lining of the colon etiology unknown autoimmune disease UC usually attects the rectum and spreads to the sigmoid
- colonic diverticula A pouch or sat that herniates through weak areas of the muscular colon wall
- Degenerative diseases Of ab- domen and gastrointestinal re- gion
hiatal hernia Esophageal varices
- Hiatal hernia Weakness of the esophageal hiatus that allows a part of the stomach to push into the chest cavity
- esophageal varices Abnormally enlarged veins in the esophagus often due to obstructed blood flow through the portal vein which carries blood from the intestine pancreas and spleen to the liver barium swallow can diagnose
- Miller Abbott tube A tube used to tree obstructions in the small intes- tine through intubation it was developed in 1934 by William Olsen Abbott and Thomas Greer Miller the de- vices around nine inches long and has a distal balloon at the end it is made up of two tubes 1 for inflating the balloon when in the Duodenum and one for the passage of water
- P E G tube Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is an endoscopic medical procedure in which a tube is passed into the patient's stomach through the abdominal wall most com- monly to provide a means of feeding when oral intake is not adequate
