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DNA Replication: The Semi-Conservative Way of Creating New Cells, Exams of Genetics

The process of dna replication, a crucial event in cell division where new cells receive an exact copy of the parent cell dna. The document details the steps of unwinding the dna helix, the role of enzymes in synthesizing new strands, and the growth of new dna strands. Students will gain insights into the semi-conservative nature of dna replication and the key players involved in this essential biological process.

What you will learn

  • How does DNA polymerase III add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
  • What happens when DNA polymerase III reaches the end of the lagging strand during replication?
  • What enzyme initiates the unwinding of the DNA helix during replication?

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

magicphil
magicphil 🇺🇸

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DNA Replication
Each time a new cell is made, the cell must receive an exact copy of the parent cell DNA. The new cells then receive
the instructions and information needed to function. The process of copying DNA is called replication. Replication
occurs in a unique way instead of copying a complete new strand of DNA, the process “saves” or conserves one of
the original strand. For this reason, replication is called semi-conservative. When the DNA is ready to copy, the
molecule “unzips” itself and new nucleotides are added to each side.
1. The first step in the process of DNA Replication begins with ________________ breaking the ___________
bonds between the bases and unzipping the helix.
The __________ enzyme begins to unwind the DNA at the ____________________. This is a specific site on
the DNA.
The helicase enzyme moves in both directions from the _________________, forming a ______________. At
either end is a _____________________, a Y-shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating.
2. Single stranded _________________ react with the single-stranded regions on the DNA and __________ the
unwound DNA
3. An _________________, called a ___________ constructs an RNA primer, a sequence of about _________
nucleotides, complementary to the parent DNA. (Remember base pairing)
4. ________________ is the major enzyme involved in DNA replication. The enzyme adds
___________________ to the RNA primer.
Energy is required for the bonding to take place. The nucleotides arrive as _________. The DNA bases have
a ___________ sequence. DNA bases arrive with their own __________ as they are bonded by DNA
polymerase III.
DNA polymerase III can only add a nucleotide to the ________ end of a pre-existing chain of nucleotides and
cannot initiate a nucleotide chain. Therefore the new DNA strand grows from ______ to ______.
Parent strands are ___________. Leading strand is replicated from _____ to ______ while the laggin strand
is replicated from _____ to _____
When replication occurs on the laggings strand the DNA polymerase III reaches ____________ it is replaced
by _______________. At this point the RNA is removed and replaced by _______. The enzyme _______
attached to the DNA strand to form ________________ bonds. New primers are made a a new _________
is put into place.
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DNA Replication

Each time a new cell is made, the cell must receive an exact copy of the parent cell DNA. The new cells then receive the instructions and information needed to function. The process of copying DNA is called replication. Replication occurs in a unique way – instead of copying a complete new strand of DNA, the process “saves” or conserves one of the original strand. For this reason, replication is called semi-conservative. When the DNA is ready to copy, the molecule “unzips” itself and new nucleotides are added to each side.

  1. The first step in the process of DNA Replication begins with ________________ breaking the ___________ bonds between the bases and unzipping the helix.

The __________ enzyme begins to unwind the DNA at the ____________________. This is a specific site on the DNA.

The helicase enzyme moves in both directions from the _________________, forming a ______________. At either end is a _____________________, a Y-shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating.

  1. Single stranded _________________ react with the single-stranded regions on the DNA and __________ the unwound DNA
  2. An _________________, called a ___________ constructs an RNA primer, a sequence of about _________ nucleotides, complementary to the parent DNA. (Remember base pairing)
  3. ________________ is the major enzyme involved in DNA replication. The enzyme adds ___________________ to the RNA primer.

Energy is required for the bonding to take place. The nucleotides arrive as _________. The DNA bases have a ___________ sequence. DNA bases arrive with their own __________ as they are bonded by DNA polymerase III.

DNA polymerase III can only add a nucleotide to the ________ end of a pre-existing chain of nucleotides and cannot initiate a nucleotide chain. Therefore the new DNA strand grows from ______ to ______.

Parent strands are ___________. Leading strand is replicated from _____ to ______ while the laggin strand is replicated from _____ to _____

When replication occurs on the laggings strand the DNA polymerase III reaches ____________ it is replaced by _______________. At this point the RNA is removed and replaced by _______. The enzyme _______ attached to the DNA strand to form ________________ bonds. New primers are made a a new _________ is put into place.

Note the nucleotides are shown as their 3 parts – sugar (blue), phosphate (pink) and one of the four bases (colour codes are below). Colour the DNA model on the first page, then repeat with the replication model on the second page. Notice that several nucleotides are floating around, they are waiting to pair up with their match.

The boxed section shows two new strands of DNA. Colour the old strand (including its base) red and the new strand (including its base) green.

The two sides of the DNA ladder are held together loosely by hydrogen bonds. Color the hydrogen bonds gray