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Unit- Q.1 (a) what is JIT Compiler? Explain its different types. A Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler is a program that compiles code while a program is running. JIT compilers are used to improve the performance of applications The JIT compiler helps improve the performance of Java programs by compiling byte codes into native machine code at run time. How they work JIT compilers analyze the code and it’s parts, Then compile those parts into machine code and execute them directly. How JIT Works:
- Startup : The application starts execution with an interpreter or precompiled byte code.
- Hotspot Detection : The runtime identifies "hotspots" (frequently executed sections of code).
- Compilation : The JIT compiler compiles these hotspots into native machine code.
- Execution : The native code is executed directly, which is faster than interpretation.
- Optimization : The JIT can re-optimize code based on further profiling data.
Advantages of just-in-time compilation JIT compilers need less memory usage. JIT compilers run after a program starts. Code optimization can be done while the code is running. Any page faults can be reduced. Code that is used together will be localized on the same page. Can utilize different levels of optimization. Disadvantages of just-in-time compilation Startup time can take a more time. Heavy usage of cache memory. Examples of JIT Compiler Use:
- Java Virtual Machine
- .Net Runtime
- Python Key Features of a JIT Compiler: Dynamic Compilation Intermediate Representation (IR) Performance Benefits Integration with Interpreters Garbage Collection Support Q. (b) What is garbage collection? Explain with example.
(i) CLR: .NET CLR is a runtime environment that manages and executes the code written in any .NET programming language. CLR is the virtual machine component of the .NET framework. That language's compiler compiles the source code The main components of CLR are: Common type system Common language speciation Garbage Collector Just in Time Compiler Metadata and Assemblies
(ii) Cross Language: Cross-language support in Java refers to the ability of Java to work with other programming languages: Cross-language support The ability of a software or technology to work with multiple programming languages. This allows developers to use the best language for each task, which can improve the efficiency and performance of applications. (iii) Common Language Specification: CLS (Common Language Specification) is a part of CLR in the .NET Framework. The .NET Framework supports many programming languages such as C#, VB.NET, J#, F#, etc. It defines a set of rules and restrictions that every language must follow which runs under the .NET framework. The languages which follow these set of rules are said to be CLS Compliant. Every programming language has its own syntactical rules for writing the code which is known as a language specification.
The .NET Framework's resilient architecture allows developers to collaborate with others or work independently. Common Type System (CTS) The .NET Framework is a subset of the CTS, which defines rules for languages in the framework. ML.NET ML.NET is an open-source framework that allows developers to integrate machine-learning models into .NET applications. Q.4 Describe the architecture of .net Framework. It is a virtual machine that provide a common platform to run an application .net support different language such as C#, VB.NET, Visual Basic, etc It is also used to create a form based, console-based, mobile and web-based Application That similar to the Java language. But it is not a platform independent as the Java. So, its application runs only to the windows platform. Note: The main objective of this framework is to develop an application that can run on the windows platform. The current version of the .Net framework is 4.8.
Components of .NET Framework There are following components of .NET Framework:
- CLR (Common Language Runtime)
- CTS (Common Type System)
- BCL (Base Class Library)
- CLS (Common Language Specification)
- FCL (Framework Class Library)
- .NET Assemblies
- XML Web Services
- Window Services FCL (Framework Class Library) It provides the various system functionality in the .NET Framework, that includes classes, interfaces and data types, et Key Components of FCL
- Object type
- Implementation of data structure
- Base data types
- Garbage collection
- Security and database connectivity
- Creating common platform for window and web-based application Characteristics of .NET Framework
- CLR (Common Language Runtime)
End If
2. If...Then...Else If condition is true then Statement will be executed otherwise go on else Statement Syntax: If condition Then 'Statement to execute if condition is True Else ‘Statement to execute if condition is False End If 3. If...Then...ElseIf...Else (Ladder If) Handles multiple conditions. Syntax: If condition1 Then ' Statement to execute if condition1 is True ElseIf condition2 Then ' Statement to execute if condition2 is True Else ' Statement to execute if all conditions are False End If 4. Nested If Allows multiple layers of conditions within another If block. Syntax: vb.net Copy code If condition1 Then If condition2 Then ‘Statement to execute if both condition1 and condition2 are True Else ‘Statement to execute if condition1 is True but condition2 is False End If Else ‘Statement to execute if condition1 is False End If
5. Select Case Multiple possible values of an expression. Syntax: Select Case expression Case value ‘Statement to execute if expression equals value Case value ‘Statement to execute if expression equals value Case Else ‘Statement to execute if no case matches End Select Example: Dim x As Integer = 10 If x > 5 Then Console.WriteLine("x is greater than 5") End If if condition if-else Condition
The main difference between a function and a sub procedure in Visual Basic (VB) .NET is that a function returns a value to the calling code, while a sub procedure does not: Function Returns a value to the calling code. Functions can perform other actions before returning. For example, a function that calculates the interest on a loan would return the amount of money owed as the value. Sub procedure Performs actions but does not return a value to the calling code. Subs can be called from anywhere in the program.
Q.3 what is an array? Write a program to demonstrate dynamic array. An array stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, an array as a collection of variables of the same type. All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations.
Different Array Class:
Length, LongLength, Rank, IsReadOnly, IsFixedSize Dynamic array program: Q.4 How to create Enumeration in vb.net? Explain with an Example. An enumeration (or enum ) in VB.NET used for define Constants value. Enums are particularly useful when you need to work with a collection of related constants, making code more readable and maintainable. ‘enum’ keyword are used. How to Create an Enumeration
- Use the Enum keyword.
- Define a set of named constants inside the Enum block.
- Optionally, assign specific values to the constants (otherwise, they are automatically assigned starting from 0). Syntax: Enum EnumName Constant1 = Value Constant2 = Value ' ...
End Enum Example: Enum Price keyboard = 1000 mouse = 500 ' ... End Enum Benefits of Enums: Improved Readability Error Reduction Ease of Maintenance Q.5 What is Iteration? Explain different types of Iteration in used in Dot Net. (Looping Statement) Iteration also knows as looping statement in vb.net. If we want runs any statement more then one time by specific condition then we will using iteration statement(looping statement). this is typically achieved using loops , which automate repetitive tasks efficiently. Types of Iteration Statement (looping Statement):
- for loop
- for Each
- while loop
- do while loop
Copy code Apple Banana Cherry
- While Loop Executes a block of code as long as the condition is True. Use when the number of iterations is unknown and depends on the condition. Syntax : While condition 'Statement End While
- Do While Loop Executes the code block at least once , regardless of the condition, because the condition is evaluated after the first iteration. Syntax (VB.NET): Do ‘Statement Loop While condition
- Do Until Loop Similar to Do While, but it continues until the condition becomes True. Syntax (VB.NET): Do Until condition ' Code to execute Loop
- Nested Loops One loop inside another loop. This is useful for multidimensional data, such as matrices. Example : For i As Integer = 1 To 3 For j As Integer = 1 To 2 'Statement Next Next Comparison of Loop Types Loop Type introduction For Fixed number of iterations. For Each Traversing collections or arrays. While Conditional execution; pre-check condition. Do While Executes at least once; post-check condition. Do Until Continues until the condition is met; executes at least once. Unit- Q.1 Explain the IDE of VB.Net. An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is software. It is a software developer tool. It’s based on GUI (Graphical User interface). It is a combination of tools like a code editor , code compiler , and code debugger. IDEs are used by programmers and software developers to make their programming Easier. Integrating features like software editing, building, testing , and packaging in a simple-to-use tool, IDEs help boost developer productivity. Features of an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) Editor: Typically a text editor can help you write software code Compiler: A compiler interprets human-readable code into machine-code Debugger: A tool that graphically point out the locations of bugs or errors. Build-in Terminal: Terminal is used for interacting with the machine
