Download Nursing Exam Study Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Duke university school of nursing ATI Comprehensive
Predictor 202 5 – Ultimate Study Guide with Practice
Questions & Expert Answers
1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a postpartum client. Which of the following should the nurse explain as the most important reason for staff to wear identification? a) To ensure proper documentation of care b) To reduce the risk of newborn abduction c) To assist in patient satisfaction surveys d) To comply with hospital dress code Correct Answer: b) To reduce the risk of newborn abduction Rationale: Identification badges help verify staff identity and ensure the safety of newborns by preventing unauthorized personnel from accessing the infant. This measure reduces the risk of infant abduction. 2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who plans to bottle-feed her newborn. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the instructions? a) "I will feed my baby every two hours." b) "I will feed my baby six to eight times a day." c) "I will give my baby water between formula feedings." d) "I will stop feeding when my baby has finished half the bottle." Correct Answer: b) "I will feed my baby six to eight times a day." Rationale: Newborns require frequent feedings (every 3-4 hours), which typically results in 6 - 8 feedings per day. 3. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis who reports joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I will exercise my joints as much as I can when they are inflamed."
b) "I will rest my joints completely when they are inflamed." c) "I will avoid all physical activity to prevent further damage." d) "I will use heat therapy only during the flare-ups." Correct Answer: a) "I will exercise my joints as much as I can when they are inflamed." Rationale: Exercise helps maintain joint mobility and function. While rest is necessary, complete immobility can worsen stiffness and decrease flexibility.
4. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a mammogram. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? a) "Do not eat or drink anything for 8 hours before the test." b) "Refrain from using deodorant on the morning of the test." c) "Avoid wearing a bra to the appointment." d) "Take an over-the-counter pain reliever before the test to minimize discomfort." Correct Answer: b) "Refrain from using deodorant on the morning of the test." Rationale: Deodorants and powders can contain metallic substances that may appear as abnormalities on the mammogram. 5. A nurse is preparing a client’s insulin regimen. Which of the following insulins can be mixed? a) Insulin glargine and regular insulin b) Insulin aspart and insulin lispro c) Insulin aspart, regular insulin, insulin lispro d) Insulin detemir and NPH insulin Correct Answer: c) Insulin aspart, regular insulin, insulin lispro Rationale: Rapid-acting and short-acting insulins can be mixed with NPH insulin. Longacting insulins (glargine, detemir) should not be mixed with any other insulin. 6. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who is postoperative following laser surgery for open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following statements by the client
9. A nurse is collecting data from a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a) Dehydration b) Periorbital edema c) Polyuria d) Hypotension Correct Answer: b) Periorbital edema Rationale: Fluid retention due to impaired kidney function causes periorbital (eye) and facial edema. 10. A nurse is preparing to administer a liquid medication to a 6-month-old infant who is crying. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk of aspiration? a) Place the infant in a supine position b) Administer using a needleless syringe in the buccal cavity c) Mix the medication in the infant’s bottle d) Use a medicine spoon Correct Answer: b) Administer using a needleless syringe in the buccal cavity Rationale: Administering medication in the buccal cavity prevents choking and allows controlled swallowing. 11. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I will plan to have my meals at regular intervals." b) "I will drink coffee with my meals to aid digestion." c) "I will take aspirin for pain relief." d) "I will increase my intake of citrus fruits." Correct Answer: a) "I will plan to have my meals at regular intervals." Rationale: Regular meals help reduce acid irritation in the stomach lining. 12. A nurse in a long-term care facility has received a change-of-shift report about four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse attend to first?
a) A client who has COPD and dementia and was agitated during the night shift b) A client who has a pressure ulcer and needs a dressing change c) A client who has diabetes and needs insulin before breakfast d) A client receiving antibiotics for pneumonia Correct Answer: a) A client who has COPD and dementia and was agitated during the night shift Rationale: Clients with COPD and agitation are at risk for respiratory distress, requiring immediate attention.
13. A nurse is collecting data from a client who has substance use disorder and reports recently taking opioids. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of opioid intoxication? a) Dilated pupils b) Pinpoint pupils c) Tachypnea d) Hypertension Correct Answer: b) Pinpoint pupils Rationale: Opioids cause CNS depression, leading to pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and drowsiness. 1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a postpartum client. Which of the following should the nurse explain as the most important reason for staff to wear identification? a) To provide reassurance to the client b) To reduce the risk of newborn abduction c) To ensure staff accountability d) To enhance communication among staff Correct Answer: b) To reduce the risk of newborn abduction Rationale: Staff wearing proper identification ensures that only authorized personnel handle newborns, which significantly reduces the risk of abduction and enhances hospital security.
c) "I need to feed my baby only when they cry." d) "I will sterilize bottles once a week." Correct Answer: a) "I will feed my baby six to eight times a day." Rationale: Newborns require frequent feedings, even when bottle-fed, to support proper growth and development. Feeding should occur every 3-4 hours, not just when the baby cries.
3. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis who reports joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Which of the following client statements indicates understanding of the teaching? a) "I will avoid exercising when my joints are inflamed." b) "I will apply ice to my joints before exercising." c) "I will exercise my joints as much as I can when they are inflamed." d) "I should take warm showers before exercising to reduce stiffness." Correct Answer: d) "I should take warm showers before exercising to reduce stiffness." Rationale: Heat therapy, such as warm showers, helps relax stiff joints and muscles before exercise, reducing pain and improving mobility. Over-exercising inflamed joints can worsen symptoms. 4. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a mammogram. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? a) "Refrain from using deodorant on the morning of the test." b) "Eat a light breakfast before the procedure." c) "You should not wear a bra to the appointment." d) "Drink plenty of fluids before the procedure." Correct Answer: a) "Refrain from using deodorant on the morning of the test." Rationale: Deodorants, lotions, and powders can interfere with imaging results by appearing as artifacts on the mammogram. 5. A nurse is preparing a client’s insulin regimen. Which of the following insulins can be mixed? a) Insulin aspart, regular insulin, insulin lispro b) Insulin glargine and insulin detemir c) Insulin NPH and regular insulin
d) Insulin detemir and insulin lispro Correct Answer: c) Insulin NPH and regular insulin Rationale: NPH insulin (intermediate-acting) can be mixed with regular insulin (shortacting). However, long-acting insulins like glargine and detemir should not be mixed with other insulins.
6. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who is postoperative following laser surgery for open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions? a) "I will take a stool softener to prevent constipation." b) "I should bend over to pick up objects." c) "I will rub my eyes if they feel irritated." d) "I should sleep with my head flat to promote healing." Correct Answer: a) "I will take a stool softener to prevent constipation." Rationale: Straining during bowel movements increases intraocular pressure, which can be harmful after glaucoma surgery. Stool softeners help prevent constipation and reduce this risk. 7. A nurse is caring for a client who had a stroke and is having difficulty swallowing. The nurse should recommend a referral to which of the following members of the interprofessional team? a) Occupational therapist b) Physical therapist c) Speech therapist d) Respiratory therapist Correct Answer: c) Speech therapist Rationale: A speech therapist specializes in assessing and treating swallowing disorders (dysphagia), which is a common complication of stroke. 8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is 12 hours postpartum and has an episiotomy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Change the perineal pad with each void." b) "Take a sitz bath every 8 hours." c) "Avoid applying ice packs to the perineum."
Correct Answer: a) "I will plan to have my meals at regular intervals." Rationale: Eating meals at regular intervals prevents excess acid buildup, reducing irritation in the stomach lining. NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) should be avoided as they can worsen ulcers.
12. A nurse in a long-term care facility has received a change-of-shift report about four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse attend to first? a) A client who has COPD and dementia and was agitated during the night shift b) A client who has a stage 2 pressure ulcer and requires a dressing change c) A client who has diabetes mellitus and needs assistance with breakfast d) A client who is scheduled for a physical therapy session in the morning Correct Answer: a) A client who has COPD and dementia and was agitated during the night shift Rationale: The client with COPD and recent agitation could be experiencing respiratory distress or a change in mental status, requiring immediate assessment. 13. A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a substance use disorder and reports recently taking opioids. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of opioid intoxication? a) Dilated pupils b) Hypertension c) Pinpoint pupils d) Hyperactive reflexes Correct Answer: c) Pinpoint pupils Rationale: Opioid intoxication typically causes pinpoint pupils (miosis), respiratory depression, and decreased level of consciousness. 14. A nurse in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from a client who reports having diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings indicates hypokalemia? a) Hyperreflexia b) Muscle weakness c) Bradycardia d) Hypertension Correct Answer: b) Muscle weakness Rationale: Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) can cause muscle weakness, cramping, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Prolonged diarrhea can lead to potassium loss.
15. A nurse is contributing to the discharge plans for four clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients requires an interdisciplinary care conference? a) A client who has hemiparesis and lives alone b) A client who has hypertension and takes daily medication c) A client who had an appendectomy and requires wound care at home d) A client with type 2 diabetes who monitors blood glucose levels Correct Answer: a) A client who has hemiparesis and lives alone Rationale: A client with hemiparesis (partial paralysis on one side) may need assistance with mobility, home modifications, and support services, making an interdisciplinary care conference necessary. 16. A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is prescribed furosemide. Which of the following findings indicates the medication is effective? a) Increased blood pressure b) Decreased peripheral edema c) Weight gain d) Increased shortness of breath Correct Answer: b) Decreased peripheral edema Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic used to reduce fluid overload in heart failure patients, leading to decreased edema and improved breathing. 17. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I will take my iron supplement with milk to prevent stomach upset." b) "I should drink orange juice when I take my iron supplement." c) "I will take my iron supplement on an empty stomach to prevent nausea." d) "I should avoid taking vitamin C with my iron supplement." Correct Answer: b) "I should drink orange juice when I take my iron supplement." Rationale: Vitamin C (found in orange juice) enhances iron absorption, making iron therapy more effective. 18. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
d) "I should wash my nipples with soap and water before each feeding." Correct Answer: b) "I should drink extra fluids to help with milk production." Rationale: Staying hydrated supports adequate milk production. Breastfeeding should last at least 15–20 minutes per breast to ensure the baby gets hindmilk, and soap can dry out the nipples.
22. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking digoxin. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I will take my pulse before each dose and report if it is below 60 beats per minute." b) "I will take this medication with antacids to reduce stomach upset." c) "I can stop taking the medication if my symptoms improve." d) "I will increase my intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas." Correct Answer: a) "I will take my pulse before each dose and report if it is below 60 beats per minute." Rationale: Digoxin can cause bradycardia, so monitoring pulse is essential. Antacids can interfere with absorption, and stopping medication abruptly can worsen heart failure. 23. A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes mellitus and is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a) Flushed skin b) Fruity breath odor c) Diaphoresis d) Increased thirst Correct Answer: c) Diaphoresis Rationale: Symptoms of hypoglycemia include sweating (diaphoresis), confusion, tremors, and dizziness. Fruity breath is a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (hyperglycemia). 24. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new colostomy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Empty the colostomy bag when it is completely full." b) "Use an alcohol-based cleanser to clean the stoma." c) "Avoid foods that cause gas, such as beans and cabbage." d) "Change the ostomy appliance every 7–10 days."
Correct Answer: c) "Avoid foods that cause gas, such as beans and cabbage." Rationale: Gas- producing foods can cause discomfort. The ostomy pouch should be emptied when one-third to one-half full, and mild soap and water should be used to clean the stoma.
25. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a) Secure the tubing behind the client’s head. b) Set the oxygen flow rate to at least 10 L/min. c) Apply water-based lubricant to the client’s nostrils. d) Position the nasal prongs downward, facing the lips. Correct Answer: c) Apply water-based lubricant to the client’s nostrils. Rationale: Oxygen therapy can dry out mucous membranes, and water-based lubricants help prevent irritation. High flow rates require a different device, and prongs should face upward toward the nostrils. 26. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a prescription for ferrous sulfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Take the medication with milk to increase absorption." b) "Expect your stools to turn black or dark green." c) "Chew the tablets before swallowing." d) "Take the medication on an empty stomach only." Correct Answer: b) "Expect your stools to turn black or dark green." Rationale: Iron supplements can cause dark stools, which is normal. They should be taken with vitamin C (not milk) to enhance absorption and swallowed whole. 27. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has asthma and is prescribed an albuterol inhaler. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Use the inhaler once a day at bedtime." b) "Rinse your mouth after using the inhaler." c) "Hold your breath for 3 seconds after inhaling the medication." d) "Shake the inhaler after each puff." Correct Answer: b) "Rinse your mouth after using the inhaler."
31. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I will elevate my legs above my heart when resting." b) "I should wear compression stockings daily." c) "I will dangle my legs when experiencing pain." d) "I should apply warm compresses to my legs." Correct Answer: c) "I will dangle my legs when experiencing pain." Rationale: Dangling the legs improves circulation in PAD. Elevating the legs and compression stockings are recommended for venous insufficiency, not PAD. 32. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new prescription for lithium. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration." b) "Reduce salt intake while taking this medication." c) "Take ibuprofen for headaches instead of acetaminophen." d) "Expect weight loss while taking this medication." Correct Answer: a) "Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration." Rationale: Lithium can cause dehydration and toxicity, so maintaining hydration is essential. Salt intake should remain stable, and NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) can increase lithium levels. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an adolescent who has a new prescription for cefazolin. For which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the adolescent to monitor and report to the provider? - - correct ans- - Depression A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of expectant parents regarding the proper use of a car seat. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? - - correct ans- - I can place a rolled towel on each side of my newborns head until he can hold his head up A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has epistaxis. Which of them following actions should the nurse take? - - correct ans- - Apply pressure at the bridge of the child's nose
A nurse is caring for four clients. Which of the following clients statements should the nurse attend to first? - - correct ans- - My heartburn pain is going into my jaw now A nurse in a providers office is talking on the phone with the parent of a school-age child who has varicella. - - correct ans- - All vesicles have crusted over A nurse is collecting data from a client who hgb is 8.8 mg/dL. Which of the following statements should the nurse expect? - - correct ans- - I feel tired all the time A nurse is administering a cleansing enema to a client who reports mild cramping during instillation of the solution. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - - correct ans-
- Slow the rate of instillation A nurse receives report on four clients. The nurse should first collect data about the client who has which of the following? - - correct ans- - A decreased level of consciousness and vomiting A nurse is setting up a sterile field prior to performing a dressing change. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - - correct ans- - Open the outermost flap of the wrapper toward the body A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and is experiencing mania. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - - correct ans- - Frequently remind the client of the expectations for her behavior A nurse is caring for a client who has viral pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - - correct ans- - Administer Azithromycin A nurse who orienting to a medical-surgical unit is having difficulty finishing client care tasks during his shift. Which of the following suggestions should the nurse's preceptor make to help
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new colostomy. He voices a reluctance about resuming sexual relations. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? - - correct ans-
- "I'm available if you'd like to talk about your concerns." A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about transmission precautions with a client who has hepatitis C. Which of the following information should the nurse include? - - correct ans- - Avoid sharing razors with other family members. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about foot care with a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse a need for further teaching? - - correct ans- - "I will be sure to wear cotton socks." A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has bulimia nervosa. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend? - - correct ans- - Observe the client for 1 hr after meals. A nurse is assisting with the discharge planning for a client following a myocardial infarction. Which of the following is an appropriate referral for this client? - - correct ans- Respiratory therapist for breathing exercises A nurse is contributing to the discharge plan of an older adult client who had a total hip arthroplasty. The client is unable to ambulate independently and lives alone. Which of the following care settings should the nurse recommend for this client? - - correct ans- - Skilled nursing facility A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a preschool-age child who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? - - correct ans- - Corn tortillas with black beans A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who has mononucleosis. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse initiate? - - correct ans- - Droplet
A nurse is speaking to a client who called the provider's office to report chest pain and requests clarification on how to take his sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client? - - correct ans- - Wait 5 min between doses. A nurse is caring for a client and begins to suspect he is experiencing transference. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as an indicator of transference? - - correct ans- - "I feel really close to you because you remind me of my ex-boyfriend." A nurse is caring for a client who has been placed in restraints. Which of the following is appropriate? - - correct ans- - Monitor the client's skin integrity on a regular schedule. A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client needs a referral for diabetic education when the client does which of the following? - - correct ans- - States that he will treat hypoglycemic reactions with 15 g of carbohydrates A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. The client tells the nurse that he is concerned about the safety of a large sum of money in his wallet. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the nurse to take? - - correct ans- - Contact security personnel to place the money in the facility safe. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is planning care for a group of clients. Which of the following tasks is appropriate to delegate to an assistive personnel? - - correct ans- Administer a large- volume enema to a client. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has sustained a full-thickness burn and is in the emergent phase of the burn. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? - - correct ans- - Hypercalcemia A nurse is collecting data from an 18-month-old toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? - - correct ans- - The toddler can say four words.
