EBIO 1210 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Know where in the cell each stage takes place -- Answer โโ -Glycolysis: Cytosol
-Pyruvate oxidation: Mitochondrial matrix
-Citric acid cycle: Mitochondrial matrix
-Oxidative phosphorylation: Inner mitochondrial membrane
Understand the fate of the carbons that enter the system as one 6-carbon glucose --
Answer โโ Glucose โ pyruvates โ acetyl-CoA โ CO2
-A 6-carbon glucose molecule is split into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvates
-Pyruvate is needed in order to create acetyl CoA
-The 3-carbon pyruvate molecule made in glycolysis loses a carbon to produce a new, 2-
carbon molecule called acetyl CoA
-The carbon that is removed takes two oxygens from pyruvate with it, and exits the
body as carbon dioxide
-CO2 is the waste product that you release when you exhale
Identify the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) and understand the general flow of
electrons through each stage -- Answer โโ -Glycolysis: NADH is an output and goes
to the final stage
-Pyruvate oxidation: NADH is an output and goes to the final stage
-Citric acid cycle: NADH and FADH2 are outputs and go to the final stage
-Oxidative phosphorylation: NADH and FADH2 are inputs
Identify the final (terminal) electron acceptor of the mitochondrial electron transport
chain and understand its essential role in aerobic respiration -- Answer โโ -Oxygen
-Without oxygen, ATP levels drop quickly, and we die
Understand how the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient -- Answer โโ -
Proton pumping
-The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain
is used to synthesize ATP
