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EBIO 1210 MIDTERM 1: LIPIDS; QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Biology

EBIO 1210 MIDTERM 1: LIPIDS; QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

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2024/2025

Available from 04/20/2025

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EBIO 1210 MIDTERM 1: LIPIDS; QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are four features of a polyunsaturated fatty acid? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. It is fluid at
room temperature.
2. It has two or more kinks.
3. It has two or more C=C bonds.
4. It has a lower energy content than a saturated fatty acid with the same number of C
atoms.
What is the relationship between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? -- Answer ✔✔
Dehydration synthesis creates polymers and hydrolysis creates monomers.
What are all life's large molecules synthesized by and broken down by? -- Answer ✔✔
Removal of a water molecule; addition of a water molecule.
How many molecules of water are needed to completely break down a polymer
consisting of five monomers? -- Answer ✔✔ Four
The polarity of water molecules results in _______ bonds between water molecules,
and make a water molecule stick to any molecules with _______ bonds or _________
regions. -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrogen; polar covalent; charged.
In a polar covalent bond, how are the electrons configured? -- Answer ✔✔ Tightly held
by one of the atoms forming the bond?
What is one example of a non-polar covalent bond? -- Answer C-H bonds
Predict with which partner an oxygen atom (O) will most likely form a non-polar
covalent bond. -- Answer ✔✔ With another oxygen (O) atom.
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EBIO 1210 MIDTERM 1: LIPIDS; QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT

ANSWERS

What are four features of a polyunsaturated fatty acid? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. It is fluid at room temperature.

  1. It has two or more kinks.
  2. It has two or more C=C bonds.
  3. It has a lower energy content than a saturated fatty acid with the same number of C atoms. What is the relationship between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? -- Answer ✔✔ Dehydration synthesis creates polymers and hydrolysis creates monomers. What are all life's large molecules synthesized by and broken down by? -- Answer ✔✔ Removal of a water molecule; addition of a water molecule. How many molecules of water are needed to completely break down a polymer consisting of five monomers? -- Answer ✔✔ Four The polarity of water molecules results in _______ bonds between water molecules, and make a water molecule stick to any molecules with _______ bonds or _________ regions. -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrogen; polar covalent; charged. In a polar covalent bond, how are the electrons configured? -- Answer ✔✔ Tightly held by one of the atoms forming the bond? What is one example of a non-polar covalent bond? -- Answer ✔✔ C-H bonds Predict with which partner an oxygen atom (O) will most likely form a non-polar covalent bond. -- Answer ✔✔ With another oxygen (O) atom.

What are four properties shared by carbon dioxide and water? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Low reactivity

  1. Polar covalent bonds
  2. Low chemical potential energy
  3. Formed when hydrocarbons are burned with oxygen Polar covalent bonds form between atoms with what degree to which they attract electrons? -- Answer ✔✔ An intermediate difference in the degree to which they attract electrons. Non-polar covalent bonds form between atoms with what degree to which they attract electrons? -- Answer ✔✔ A similar, or the same, degree to which they attract electrons. Ionic bonds form between atoms with what degree to which they attract electrons? -- Answer ✔✔ The largest difference in the degree to which they attract electrons. Fill in the blank. Na+ and Cl- in table salt are held together by __________ bonds. -- Answer ✔✔ Ionic Why is fat better suited for storage of energy than a phospholipid? -- Answer ✔✔ The fat has three fatty acid chains and therefore contains more C-H bonds. What are three reasons why a phospholipid is better suited for forming biological membranes than a fat. -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Possesses a phosphate-containing hydrophilic head group instead of a third fatty acid chain.
  4. Has both hydrophobic portions and portions containing electrical charges.
  5. Is able to form a bilayer that acts as a barrier for the diffusion of hydrophilic substances. Cholesterol is the starting material for which substances? -- Answer ✔✔ Estrogen and testosterone, steroid stress hormones, but not fats. What are the four major classes of life's large biological molecules? -- Answer ✔✔ Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides.

What results from the removal of hydrogen atoms from the fatty acid tails of saturated fats? -- Answer ✔✔ An increase in the number of C=C double bonds in the fat molecules. What are four features of C-H bonds? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Non-polar

  1. High chemical potential energy
  2. Relatively low stability
  3. Can be burned to carbon dioxide and water The burning of natural gas (methane) releases energy because? -- Answer ✔✔ Bonds with loosely held electrons are converted to bonds with tightly held electrons. Which of the following fats, each with the same total number of carbon atoms, has the highest energy content? -- Answer ✔✔ A fat composed of saturated fatty acids. How many glycerol molecules does a triglyceride contain? -- Answer ✔✔ One True of false? Judging from the structure of a fat, one should expect lots of hydrogen bonds between the fatty acid chains? -- Answer ✔✔ False True or false? Substances with a sufficient number of groups with either partial electrical charges or full electrical charges relative to the size of the molecules should dissolve in water. -- Answer ✔✔ True The molecule vitamin D2 is hydrophilic or hydrophobic? -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrophobic The molecule of Vitamin E overall is hydrophilic or hydrophobic? -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrophobic The molecule of Vitamin C is hydrophilic or hydrophobic? -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrophilic The molecule of Vitamin A is hydrophilic or hydrophobic? -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrophobic True or false? Molecules made exclusively from atoms that have an identical or similar attraction for electrons cannot be polar? -- Answer ✔✔ True

To make a new water-insoluble drug water-soluble, a chemist would need to add groups with bonds between atoms with same, similar or different attraction for electrons? -- Answer ✔✔ Different attraction for electrons.