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EBIO 1210 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Biology

University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder)Biology

EBIO 1210 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS

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2024/2025

Available from 04/20/2025

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EBIO 1210 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
1) Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion are examples of what? -- Answer ✔✔ Passive
transport
2) Facilitated diffusion of water through membranes via aquaporin proteins -- Answer
✔✔ Osmosis
3) What provides the energy for facilitated downhill diffusion of the hydrophilic sugar
fructose?
A) the potential energy contained in the concentration gradient of the fructose
B) the transport protein
C) the potential chemical energy contained in C-H bonds of the sugar --
Answer ✔✔ A) No energy is required because it is going "downhill"
4) What are two examples of Active Transport? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Sodium-Potassium
Pump
2. CA2+ pump of muscles cells
5) What energizes these pumps? -- Answer ✔✔ ATP via phosphorylation
6) Phosphorylation of the sodium/potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump) energizes uphill
transport of what?
A) 1 Na+ and 1 K+ are pumped uphill
B) only Na+ is pumped uphill
C) only K+ is pumped uphill
D) 3 Na+ and 2 K+ are pumped uphill
E) 3 Na+ and 3 K+ are pumped uphill -- Answer ✔✔ D)
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Download EBIO 1210 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

EBIO 1210 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE

SOLUTIONS

  1. Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion are examples of what? -- Answer ✔✔ Passive transport
  2. Facilitated diffusion of water through membranes via aquaporin proteins -- Answer ✔✔ Osmosis
  3. What provides the energy for facilitated downhill diffusion of the hydrophilic sugar fructose? A) the potential energy contained in the concentration gradient of the fructose B) the transport protein C) the potential chemical energy contained in C-H bonds of the sugar -- Answer ✔✔ A) No energy is required because it is going "downhill"
  4. What are two examples of Active Transport? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Sodium-Potassium Pump
  1. CA2+ pump of muscles cells
  1. What energizes these pumps? -- Answer ✔✔ ATP via phosphorylation
  2. Phosphorylation of the sodium/potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump) energizes uphill transport of what? A) 1 Na+ and 1 K+ are pumped uphill B) only Na+ is pumped uphill C) only K+ is pumped uphill D) 3 Na+ and 2 K+ are pumped uphill E) 3 Na+ and 3 K+ are pumped uphill -- Answer ✔✔ D)
  1. What are the 3 types of work that require energy provided by ATP? -- Answer ✔✔
  1. Mechanical- motor molecules (muscles, vesicles)
    1. Transport- Pumps in brain, heart, and muscles
    2. Chemical- Synthesizing life's large molecules
  1. What energizes ATP? A) The phosphate groups add many bonds with tightly held electrons. B) Each phosphate group adds more negative charges that attract each other. C) Each phosphate group adds more negative charges that repel each other. -- Answer ✔✔ C)
  • Can't be A because bonds with tight electrons are very stable... not reactive or energy rich
  • When charges are the same, they repel each other (like a magnet).... pops off a phosphate group and gives it to a different molecule
  1. Predict the properties of an excellent donor of an energized P group: The donor must A) hang on tightly to the P group. B) be "eager" to get rid of the P group. C) be a molecule to which a P group can be added without the input of energy. D) A and C E) B and C -- Answer ✔✔ B) If it's going to be a good donor, it must be eager to get rid of a phosphate group.... willing to USE ENERGY to get rid of it ****Loading from low to high potential energy requires energy input
  2. Which of the following statement(s) regarding ATP is/are correct? A) ATP serves as a main energy carrier inside cells. B) In the cell, ATP drives reactions that require energy by the transfer of a phosphate group to specific reactants. C) The regeneration of ATP from ADP and phosphate is a reaction that requires energy. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C -- Answer ✔✔ E) All of them

C) An ATP-fueled Ca2+ pump is involved. D) A and C E) B and C -- Answer ✔✔ E) Re-establishing an uneven distribution requires energy. Calcium is pumped against its concentration gradient using ATP

  1. What do all biologically important large molecules have in common? -- Answer ✔✔ They are based on Carbon (C bonds with up to four partners, facilitating the formation of large molecules) They are constructed from small building blocks
  2. What are the building blocks of lipids? -- Answer ✔✔ Fatty acids
  3. Building blocks of Nucleic acids? -- Answer ✔✔ DNA & RNA (built from nucleotides)
  4. Building blocks of Proteins? -- Answer ✔✔ Amino acids
  5. Building blocks of Large Carbohydrates? -- Answer ✔✔ Polysaccharides (from the simplest sugars- monosaccharides)
  6. The 3 classes of lipids and their functions: -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Fats- store energy
  1. Phospholipids- Form biological membranes
  2. Steroids- Act as hormones/ regulate genes
  1. Building Blocks of a Fat -- Answer ✔✔ Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
  2. A saturated fatty acid is saturated with the maximal number of: -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrogen atoms and C-H bonds
  3. Predict the result(s) of removing hydrogen atoms from the fatty acid tails of a saturated fat: -- Answer ✔✔ The number of carbon-carbon (C=C) double bonds in the fat molecule increases. The fat becomes more fluid
  1. C-H bond has features that are essential for life: -- Answer ✔✔ (1) serves as an energy source (2) does not mix with water & serves as a barrier around cells to keep certain substances in or out
  2. What do all of the energy-rich substances (methane, hydrocarbon, hydrogen gas ) have in common? -- Answer ✔✔ They all contain electrons loosely held between two partner atoms *** C-H bonds provide energy... but hydrogen has no carbon, so this cannot be the answer
  3. What do the two low-energy products CO2 and H2O have in common? -- Answer ✔✔ They both contain electrons tightly held by one of the partner atoms. They both contain oxygen
  4. What kind of energy state do substances with loosely held electrons have? -- Answer ✔✔ High potential energy state = unstable, reactive
  5. What kind of energy state do substances with tightly held electrons have? -- Answer ✔✔ Low potential energy state = stable, not reactive
  6. What potential energy to Nonpolar Covalent Bonds have? -- Answer ✔✔ High chemical potential energy- reactive!
  7. What potential energy to Polar covalent bonds have? -- Answer ✔✔ Low chemical potential energy- stable!
  8. Which releases more energy... Burning a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid -- Answer ✔✔ Saturated.... only needs a nudge The C=C bond is stronger and costs more energy to break than C-H
  9. Which fat has the SECOND greatest number of C-H bonds? Each fatty acid chain has 18 carbon atoms. A) a fat containing only monounsaturated fatty acids

a) Nonpolar b) High chemical potential energy c) Low stability d) Low chemical potential energy e) Can be burned to carbon dioxide and water -- Answer ✔✔ D- Low chemical potential energy

  1. What makes a water molecule stick to other water molecules as well as to other "water-loving" molecules? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Hydrogen bond
  1. Polarity
  1. Are hydrophilic molecules polar or nonpolar? -- Answer ✔✔ Polar
  2. Are hydrophobic molecules polar or nonpolar? -- Answer ✔✔ Nonpolar
  3. Predict whether or not hydrogen bonds will form between the fatty acid tails of a fat. To build an argument, first decide which statement below is FALSE? A) The C-H bonds of fatty acids are nonpolar. B) The C-H bonds of fatty acids are polar. C) The C atoms in C-C, C=C, and C-H bonds of fatty acids have no partial electrical charge. D) The H atoms in C-H bonds have no partial electrical charge. E) The shared electrons are loosely held in the C-H bonds of fatty acids. -- Answer ✔✔ B. The C-H bonds of fatty acids are NONPOLAR. Fatty acids are not water soluble, so they cannot be polar.
  4. Now predict whether or not hydrogen bonds will form between the fatty acid tails of a fat. A) Hydrogen bonds will not form. B) Hydrogen bonds will form. -- Answer ✔✔ A... They hydrogen bonds will not form because the fatty acid does not have the partial positive & negative charges to attract one another
  5. Will nonpolar molecules dissolve in water? -- Answer ✔✔ No.... Nonpolar = Hydrophobic
  1. What are the building blocks of a phospholipid? -- Answer ✔✔ Phosphate + Glycerol + 2 fatty acid chains
  2. Phospholipids have a _______ head and a ________ tail: -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail
  3. The solubility of a substance in water is determined by what? -- Answer ✔✔ The RATIO of its POLAR groups (i.e. O-H and C=O bonds) to NONPOLAR groups (C-H bonds)
  4. Predict: Vitamin D2 is A) hydrophilic B) hydrophobic -- Answer ✔✔ B- Hydrophobic There is only one O-H bond amongst many, many C-H bonds
  5. Predict: Vitamin B5 is A) hydrophilic B) hydrophobic -- Answer ✔✔ A- Hydrophilic There is a more balanced ratio of O-H bonds with C-H bonds.... This provides enough "stickiness" for B5 and water to attract
  6. Vitamins A, E, and C? -- Answer ✔✔ A- hydrophobic E- hydrophobic C- hydrophilic
  7. What is an ionic bond? -- Answer ✔✔ Transfer of electrons (between atoms with the largest differences in electronegativity) (atoms have full charge)
  8. Are molecules with ionic bonds hydrophobic or hydrophilic? -- Answer ✔✔ Charge = Hydrophilic
  1. At ____ temperature, membrane can become too fluid (= leaky); at ____ temperature, membrane can lose fluidity and become too rigid. A) cold; hot B) cold; even colder C) hot; cold D) hot; even hotter -- Answer ✔✔ C... hot = too fluid and cold = too rigid Organisms either invest energy to maintain a constant body temperature (mammals) or invest energy to increase or decrease fluidity as needed (microbes, plants, non-regulating animals)
  2. Predict: How can the cell increase the fluidity of its membranes? A) replace phospholipids with fats B) increase the length of fatty acids in the phospholipids C) increase the number of unsaturated fatty acids D) increase the number of saturated fatty acids -- Answer ✔✔ C.... More unsaturated = More fluidity
  3. Predict which type of fatty acid should be abundant in membranes of plants and microbes in cold environments. Fatty acids that are A) solid at cold temperature. B) fluid at cold temperature. -- Answer ✔✔ B) Fluid
  4. Predict which type of fatty acid should be abundant in the membrane phospholipids of plants and microbes from hot environments: A) saturated B) monounsaturated (with one C=C) C) polyunsaturated (with more than one C=C) -- Answer ✔✔ A) Saturated
  5. Predict which type of fatty acid should offer the greatest benefit for membranes of plants and microbes in the coldest places on Earth: A) saturated B) monounsaturated (with one C=C) C) polyunsaturated (with more than one C=C) -- Answer ✔✔ C) Polyunsaturated

Temperate zone: Walnuts, canola oil Mediterranean zone: Olive oil Tropical zone: Palm oil, coconut oil, macadamia nuts

  1. Q22. Predict what should be a source of polyunsaturated fat (with more than one C=C) A) Walnuts and canola oil B) Olive oil C) Palm and coconut oil; macadamia nuts -- Answer ✔✔ A) Walnuts & canola oil in colder climates will have more polyunsaturated
  2. Role of cholesterol in animal membranes: -- Answer ✔✔ Temperature buffer
  3. How does cholesterol act as a temperature buffer? -- Answer ✔✔ • Prevents hydrophobic chains from packing too closely together: increases fluidity at low temperatures Limits lateral phospholipid movement & stabilizes membranes at high temperatures
  4. Which molecules can pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer with no help? -- Answer ✔✔ Hydrophobic/ Nonpolar
  5. The passage of hydrophilic (polar or charged) molecules through the phospholipid bilayer requires what? -- Answer ✔✔ Membrane spanning transport proteins
  6. Membrane spanning protein channels allowing (polar) water to move across (hydrophobic) lipid membranes: -- Answer ✔✔ Aquaporins
  7. What are the building blocks of a protein? -- Answer ✔✔ Amino acids
  8. Predict: To allow passage of H2O molecules, the amino acids in the aquaporin's outer middle regions in contact with the membrane's fatty acid tails have to be __________ and the amino acids lining the protein's inner channel and its top and bottom portions have to be __________. A) hydrophilic, hydrophilic
  • High to low... No ATP needed (passive transport)
  • Low to high... ATP needed (active transport)
  1. Three of the following movements across the cell membrane require a membrane- spanning protein (either a protein facilitating diffusion or an energy-driven protein pump). Which does NOT require a membrane-spanning protein? Movement of A) hydrophilic fructose along its concentration gradient. B) a steroid from high to low concentration. C) H2O from high to low concentration. D) Na+ from low to high concentration -- Answer ✔✔ B) Steroid is the only hydrophobic
  2. Predict what changes occur in the membranes of a tree growing in South Africa's inverted southern-hemisphere climate with cold temperatures in July and hot temperatures in January: A) The fatty acid composition of the membranes will not change between seasons. B) The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids will be higher in July than in January. C) The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids will be lower in July than in January. -- Answer ✔✔ B) Unsaturated = cold temps Saturated = hot temps
  3. Use the polarity of the four molecules below to predict which ones can, or cannot, pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer of a biological membrane. A) O2 or H2O can pass through the bilayer, whereas Na+ or a fatty acid cannot. B) O2 or a fatty acid can pass through the bilayer, whereas Na+ or H2O cannot. C) O2 or Na+ can pass through the bilayer, whereas a fatty acid or H2O cannot. D) H2O or a fatty acid can pass through the bilayer, whereas Na+ or O cannot. -- Answer ✔✔ B) H2O and Na+ are polar. O2 and fatty acids are nonpolar.
  4. Predict what the amino acids making up the INTERIOR of the sodium-potassium pump must be like:

A) hydrophobic B) hydrophilic C) able to interact with the fatty acid tails of the membrane D) able to interact with phospholipid head groups -- Answer ✔✔ B) Hydrophilic.... Interior that helps hydrophilic substances needs to BE hydrophilic

  1. Four of the following statements accurately describe how various living organisms keep their membranes at an appropriate fluidity to function. Which statement is FALSE? A) Mammals invest energy to regulate body temperature. B) Humans must acquire fatty acids essential for optimal membrane protein function with the diet. C) All organisms are capable of synthesizing all fatty acids they require for optimal membrane protein function. D) Cholesterol optimizes membrane fluidity of mammals. E) Plants alter the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids. -- Answer ✔✔ C... Humans need fatty acids from diet! We cannot synthesize them all.
  2. The sugar glucose is hydrophilic. What is needed to move glucose from the gut into intestinal cells after a sugar-rich meal? A) a membrane protein and ATP B) no membrane protein and no ATP C) a membrane protein, but no ATP D) no membrane protein, but ATP -- Answer ✔✔ C) It's hydrophilic so it needs a membrane. However, it is going from high to low concentration so no ATP is needed.
  3. What are genes? -- Answer ✔✔ They contain hereditary information
  4. What information do genes pass on? -- Answer ✔✔ Blueprints for making the all- important proteins
  5. Name the four levels of protein structure and their corresponding shapes: -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Primary = Amino acid sequence
  1. Proteins for secretion need to be wrapped in _______ -- Answer ✔✔ Membrane vesicles
  2. Place the components of the endomembrane system into a functional sequence: (example: insulin) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. DNA for insulin copied into mRNA and exported from nucleus
  1. Insulin synthesized by ribosomes on rough ER
  2. Insulin protein packaged into transport vesicles and transferred to near side of Golgi apparatus
  3. Transport vesicles fuse to form first flat sacks of Golgi apparatus
  4. Processed in Golgi apparatus into a mature protein
  5. Packaged into transport vesicles at opposite side of Golgi apparatus and transported to plasma membrane
  6. Exocytosis: Fusion of vesicle with the plasma (outer cell) membrane
  7. Insulin travels through the bloodstream and triggers sugar uptake by a target organ
  1. Where is DNA copied into mRNA during protein synthesis -- Answer ✔✔ Cell nucleus
  2. Where are proteins for export synthesized? -- Answer ✔✔ Bound ribosomes on the rough ER
  3. Where are proteins processed for maturity? -- Answer ✔✔ Golgi apparatus
  4. This is the fusion of transport vesicle with the plasma membrane -- Answer ✔✔ Exocytosis
  5. Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis -- Answer ✔✔ - Endocytosis: substance is being ingested
  • Exocytosis: substance is being expelled
  1. How are transport vesicles moved without going astray? -- Answer ✔✔ They go along "tracks" of cytoskeleton.... A motor protein powered by ATP moves along a microtubule track of cytoskeleton
  2. Smooth ER synthesizes: A) Steroid hormones B) Protein hormones -- Answer ✔✔ A) Steroid hormones
  3. Rough ER synthesizes: A) Steroid hormones B) Protein hormones -- Answer ✔✔ B) Protein hormones
  4. In what type of cells do you expect to find a particularly high level of rough ER? A) pancreas cells (produce insulin) B) testes (produce testosterone) C) fat cells (produce the protein hormone leptin) D) A and C E) A, B, and C -- Answer ✔✔ D) Insulin is a protein and fat cells produce a protein.... Thus rough ER
  5. Where would you expect to find a particularly high level of smooth ER? -- Answer ✔✔ Ovaries and testes (produce estrogen and testosterone, both steroid (sex hormones)
  6. Predict which hormones can pass directly through the lipid bilayer of membranes: A) Protein hormones B) Steroid hormones -- Answer ✔✔ B) Steroid hormones.... They are hydrophobic, nonpolar lipids
  7. These hormones relay message via signal transduction pathway to a gene regulatory protein. -- Answer ✔✔ Water soluble (Polar) protein hormones
  8. These hormones move into nucleus & bind directly to gene regulatory protein. -- Answer ✔✔ Lipid soluble steroid hormones
  9. Which of the following accurately complete(s) the sentence:
  1. Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by insufficient numbers of what? -- Answer ✔✔ LDL receptors.... Cholesterol then cannot be removed from the bloodstream
  2. Which statement is most accurate? A) Unsaturated fatty acids are good and saturated fatty acids are bad. B) Unsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids are good, while saturated and omega- 6 fatty acids are bad. C) The human body adjusts its fatty acid composition by synthesizing those fatty acids that are in low supply. D) All fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated, omega-3 and omega-6) have essential roles in humans. E) Fish oil is the only source of omega-3 fatty acids. -- Answer ✔✔ D) They all have essential roles