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Ecological Selectivity - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides, Slides of Pest Management

The LNM Institute of Information TechnologyPest Management

Main topics of this course are: Biocontrol Approaches, Decision Making, Disadvantages of Cultural Controls, EBPM Status, Enforced Crop Production Rules, Hybrid Sterility, IPM Evolution Continued, Regulatory Tactics, Resistance Categories. Key points of this lecture slides are: Ecological Selectivity, Differential Mortality Based, Pesticide, Formulation, Types of Pesticides, Biopesticides, Biorational Pesticides, Pesticide Interactions, Alteration of Efficacy, Altered Crop Tolerance

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/31/2013

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Ecological Selectivity
•Differential mortality based on pesticide
use
–Formulation (e.g. granules result in more
mortality on soil pests than on foliar NE’s)
–Placement (e.g. spot sprays, seed treatments,
wicks, in-furrow).
–Timing (e.g. pre vs. post-emergent
applications, diurnal timing for bees)
–Dosage – Reduced dosage usually used in
conjunction with one of those above
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Download Ecological Selectivity - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides and more Slides Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!

Ecological Selectivity

  • Differential mortality based on pesticide

use

  • Formulation (e.g. granules result in more mortality on soil pests than on foliar NE’s)
  • Placement (e.g. spot sprays, seed treatments, wicks, in-furrow).
  • Timing (e.g. pre vs. post-emergent applications, diurnal timing for bees)
  • Dosage – Reduced dosage usually used in conjunction with one of those above

Uses of Selectivity in IPM

  • Mammalian toxicity of decreasing

significance except in urban/structural IPM

  • Insecticides – Physiological selectivity

favored (target & non-target intermingled)

  • Herbicides – Historically favored

ecological selectivity

  • Bactericides/Fungicides – Non-selective

pesticides usually favored.

What are Reduced Risk Pesticides?

  • Any pesticide that meets any of the following criteria: - Reduce human health risk - Reduce risk to non-target organisms - Reduce environmental contamination - Enhance IPM adoption
  • All ingredients of a pesticide must meet these criteria
  • Can include traditional or biorational
  • Reduced risk pesticides have greatly reduced regulatory burdens: incentive to manufacturers & farmers

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

0.

300.

600.

900.

1200.

1500.

Tons Applied Acres Treated

Tons Applied (Thousands)

Acres Treated (Thousands)

Growth in the use of Reduced Risk

Pesticides in California: 1990 - 1998

Pesticide Interactions

Book has these three categories, mostly

discussed as antagonistic interactions.

  • Formulation Incompatibility
  • Altered Crop Tolerance
  • Alteration of Efficacy

More Thoughts on Interactions

  • Additive Effects – Most Common:
    • Different pesticides with the same formulation but targeting different pests.
  • Synergistic Effects – pesticides used in

combination are more effective than when used alone: Two types:

  • Biochemical
  • Ecological
  • Antagonistic Interactions
  • Formulation–based = “Incompatibility”
  • Biological = “Pesticide Antagonism”

Pest Replacement

  • Mostly a problem with arthropods and

weeds

  • Tends to be more reversible with arthropods
  • Note Fig. 12-

Resurgence

  • Mostly documented with insect pests
  • Mostly associated with indirect, secondary/minor

pests for several reasons.

  • Key pests are watched too closely to resurge
  • Direct pests are mainly late-season pests & there isn’t time to resurge
  • Pest must be held at least partially in check by some agent that is affected by the pesticide
  • Note Fig. 12-6 in book.