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questions with answers
Which of these substances can be defined as a drug? Select all that apply. - correct answers Ibuprofen Lisinopril Which word describes how a drug is delivered through the body? - correct answers Distribution Which term describes the proprietary name for a medication? - correct answers Trade name Place the processes in the order they occur in the body. - correct answers 1. Absorption
- Distribution
- Effect
- Excretion Using the drop-down menus, select the correct definition of each name type. - correct answers Chemical name: Name describing the molecular structure of a drug. Generic name: Name identifying a drug within a class. Brand name: Proprietary name used for marketing.
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What actions may a pharmaceutical company take to create a new drug? Select all that apply. - correct answers Create a new medication. Change the way a generic medication is absorbed. Change the way a generic medication is distributed. Combine two medications together. Match the administration routes. - correct answers Otic - Ear Ophthalmic - Eye Topical - On the skin Buccal - In the side of the mouth Subcutaneous - Underneath the skin Intravenous - In a vein
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A medication error just occurred. Prioritize the actions in order from the first to last actions the nurse must complete. - correct answers 1. Assess the client for an adverse reaction.
- Notify the healthcare provider.
- Review the facility's procedure for adverse event reporting.
- Reflect on the incident to determine future precautions needed to prevent errors. When a drug is impacted by another drug or food, it is known as a __________. - correct answers Drug interaction Label the information using the drop-down menus. - correct answers Generic name: Acetaminophen Trade name: Tylenol Strength: 160mg Route: Oral Form: Suspension Match the medication administration route to the correct location on the image. - correct answers 1. Intramuscular
- Topical
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- Intravenous
- Subcutaneous Put the pharmacokinetics in the order in which they occur within the body. - correct answers 1. Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion What is pharmacokinetics? - correct answers What happens to the drug from the time it enters the body until it leaves. Which step describes the biochemical alteration of a drug into an active or inactive metabolite? - correct answers Metabolism Match each step of how a drug moves through the body to its description. - correct answers The elimination of a drug and any of its metabolites - Excretion The movement of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream - Absorption The transport of a drug through the bloodstream to its site of action - Distribution
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For each factor listed, specify if it impacts the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of drugs in older adults. - correct answers Absorption:
- Decreased gastric pH
- Decreased blood flow to the gastrointestinal system. Distribution:
- Increased percentage of body fat
- Decreased percentage of body water Metabolism:
- Decreased hepatic blood flow
- Decreased levels of microsomal enzymes. Excretion:
- Fewer intact nephrons An older adult client is asking about age-related changes related to medication metabolism. Which is an age-related change for medication metabolism? - correct answers Decreased hepatic blood flow. Oral medication goes through the liver after being absorbed by the intestine. What is the movement through the liver known as? - correct answers First pass metabolism
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Which terms are used when discussing pharmacokinetics? Select all that apply. - correct answers Onset and duration Bioavailability Steady state A client is on vancomycin, a powerful antibiotic. The client's peaks and troughs are being monitored by intermittent serum levels of vancomycin. A __________ level is drawn to determine the lowest therapeutic dose for the client to be at. The __________ level is drawn to monitor and adjust the highest level the client should be at without the medication being toxic. The peak level should be drawn at a specific time __________ the medication is given, and the trough level should be drawn immediately __________ the next dose is given. - correct answers Trough Peak After; before Look at the image showing the onset, peak, and duration for five different types of insulin. Select the correct duration for each type based on the image. - correct answers Glargine: 20 hours Lispro: 9 hours
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Cell membrane Which mechanism does pharmacodynamics refer to? - correct answers A drug's action Pharmacodynamics is known as which type of process? - correct answers Biochemical process Naloxone is a drug that blocks the effects of an opioid by binding to the opioid receptor. What is the receptor interaction that takes place when both morphine (an opioid) and naloxone are taken? - correct answers Naloxone acts as a competitive antagonist to block the receptor. Which statement describes the interaction of antibiotics acting on the inhibition of cell wall synthesis? - correct answers This is a non-selective interaction with a bacterial cell wall. When a drug has a positive change to a faulty physiologic system, it is known as which of the following? - correct answers Therapeutic effect Match each term with the correct definition. - correct answers Keeps the receptor or enzyme from activating by blocking all agonists - Antagonist Competes with another agonist by blocking activity - Competitive antagonist
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Activates the receptor or enzyme - Agonist Binds to a receptor or enzyme to inactivate the receptor - Non-competitive antagonist Partially activates the receptor or enzyme - Partial agonist The interaction of a drug with a receptor site or enzyme is called its __________ effect. A drug can modify the effect of tissues or cells by activating a receptor, or acting as __________. A drug can deactivate a cell, or act as __________. Finally, a drug can compete with an agonist to deactivate a cell, which makes the drug __________. - correct answers Pharmacodynamic An agonist An antagonist A competitive antagonist A medication, such as folic acid, has which mechanism of action? - correct answers Non-selective interaction The example shown here describes a drug acting as __________. - correct answers An agonist The example shown here describes a drug acting as __________. - correct answers An antagonist
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Drag and drop the type of monitoring that is used in each situation. - correct answers During an office visit, it is noted the client's blood pressure has improved after starting the new blood pressure medication - Physical assessment A client's partner leaves a message saying that the client seems a lot drowsier after seeing the provider last week, and they think it might be the new medication - Family observation The client calls the office and says they get dizzy after taking their morning medications - Client reporting The nurse reports a protime of 1.9 for a client on warfarin. The provider decides to increase the dosage - Laboratory monitoring A __________ therapeutic index means that there is a small difference between a drug's active dose and its toxic dosage. A drug with a __________ therapeutic index has a higher likelihood of causing an adverse reaction. Warfarin has a __________ therapeutic index because a slight change in dose could be toxic. Amoxicillin has a __________ therapeutic index because it is rarely toxic at a higher dose. - correct answers Low Low Low High
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Which conditions can cause drug toxicity? Select all that apply. - correct answers Kidney failure Liver failure Overdose Fred (pronouns: he/him/his) says that when he does not take his morphine, he feels sweaty, gets a runny nose, and experiences nausea and vomiting. Once Fred takes the morphine, the symptoms go away. - correct answers Physical dependence Sara (pronouns: she/her/hers) says that when she does not take her tramadol, it is all she thinks about and craves. She will do anything to get her tramadol. - correct answers Psychological dependence Murray (pronouns: he/him/his) says that he takes pregabalin for his neuropathy symptoms, but it does not seem to work as well as it once did. He thinks he needs more. - correct answers Tolerance Select the correct description for each label. - correct answers 1. High therapeutic index, less likely to have an adverse reaction.
- Low therapeutic index, more likely to have an adverse reaction. Drag and drop each type of therapy to match what is being used by each client. - correct answers A client uses ear drops before entering the pool every day, so they do not get swimmer's ear - Prophylactic therapy
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"When I take ibuprofen and use warm compresses, it relieves my pain more than each one of them does alone." - Synergistic effect A client took the first dose of amoxicillin for an upper respiratory infection and quickly developed a rash and shortness of breath. What is the best description for this response? - correct answers Allergic reaction Which situation can cause a toxic level of a drug in a person's system? Select all that apply. - correct answers Renal insufficiency Higher drug dosage Drag and drop each treatment therapy to match its description. - correct answers Treatment for symptoms that are suspicious of a condition that is treatable, but no testing or limited testing has been done - Empiric therapy Treatment to prevent something that is at high risk of occurring in the future - Prophylactic therapy Used to treat ill or acute conditions; used to treat disease - Acute therapy Treatment of symptoms to allow time for the body's immune system to improve - Supportive therapy
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Treatment of a condition to prevent or slow progression - Maintenance therapy Treatment to relieve symptoms or reduce pain in cases when the condition is untreatable - Palliative therapy Replacement or addition of something the body does not produce enough of on its own
- Supplemental therapy A client experienced a sexual assault. After the sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) completed an interview and exam, the nurse suggested that the client take azidothymidine (AZT) to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What type of therapy is the nurse offering? - correct answers Prophylactic therapy A client was admitted to a detoxification center because they ran out of pain medication and started experiencing anxiety, tremors, and dizziness. What type of reaction is the client experiencing? - correct answers Physical dependence Which suggests an increased risk for a genetic disorder? Select all that apply. - correct answers Mother diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 45. Aunt diagnosed at 18 with bipolar disorder. Father with an adverse reaction to penicillin.
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Family history of a reaction to a specific drug. A friend of a client calls the office to let the nurse know they are concerned about the dosage level of phenytoin their friend is taking. It is a much higher dose than usual. The nurse notes that the client is a poor metabolizer of phenytoin based on genetic testing. What is the appropriate response? - correct answers "I will pass this information on to the appropriate person." Pharmacogenomics involves the sciences of __________ and __________. Clients with extra copies are ultra-metabolizers and tend to metabolize medication __________. Clients with __________ copies are poor metabolizers and will metabolize medication __________. - correct answers Pharmacology Genomics Faster Inactive Slower Variations in enzymes in the liver may change drug potency. If a client does not make enough of an enzyme that metabolizes a drug, how will that affect the client? - correct answers The drug will be in their system for more time. A client has a high 2d6 polymorphism and requires warfarin because of atrial fibrillation. In reviewing medications, the nurse would expect which conditions to apply? - correct answers The client requires a higher dose of warfarin.
questions with answers
A client recently started taking the antidepressant sertraline. They are experiencing severe side effects. What could be the reasons? Select all that apply. - correct answers The client is taking too high of a dose, causing an adverse reaction. The client is allergic to the medication. The client has CYP2d6 polymorphism. The client is experiencing a medication reaction with another drug. Julie (pronouns: she/her/hers) and Kim (pronouns: she/her/hers) both take acetaminophen with codeine for chronic low back pain. That drug is metabolized by the cytochrome p450 2d6 pathway. A recent genetic test showed that Julie carries two inactive copies of the CYP2d6 gene. What would the nurse expect to occur to Julie compared to Kim? - correct answers This will not help Julie's pain as much as Kim's. A client has CYP2d6 low polymorphism. Which statement suggests an understanding of this when being prescribed codeine? - correct answers "This medication doesn't work for me, it does nothing for my pain." A client is prescribed fluoxetine for depression. Which statement may indicate that this medication will not work for the client and may cause increased side effects? - correct answers "My mom had a terrible reaction to this medication."
