Electrical Measurements Notes, Study notes of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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he L bf OL {ab We meatuxeimint tb te Chattubal Measurement : Sui pupae ¥ : > pal, tds are: indBumans in mama vale @ waa * vaate. wail tn, erunsuoving:hieRionl ques @ Measurecl value tia te Valtfige, eurnunt, Peqpeney , wotue { trngy pw » Kesler» pp Ue ° | ng call LUN pose, !— Lg tus On ~ > EM ik Hupiitedl in oltsigmung o nl Oe yp | satiate 7 ald fem mints ah wae > EM wy. dim tet a > BM hulp ongineens C6 clerigre 24 Shy vase ended BOM thutaizal ayn thak mee BEE wpe is Ka, thucnalios stanolands & 2 wrati, within deitade ayy , | fporonmetins 8 * 9 he a en / satihep. 2 em Aulge 16 autiet amy ror [itsies —& Yom, Thue partes | mont, within Unetrinal moreurod value fom | ea/Atf ' Mt anid ab trae yr [ Amouom air ENeDN 5 ieee SOREN : ips ue vali P Sroportimer EM up & Monee value - 7 Designing i etumy G tre. o/p) » Uesting 4 ) 4 4 ub en quantity (uke Chasnel lis Ties, Whe ns \ : , mumerttel VOU myn. yonttities whieh, vasy wit a ) the proclss tions Minaly 55 8 > Meagunsmdnt, 5 spuchcd Die su of onlin dainuct for the paromelfie. 16 meami fl rok» uy, ds be . . hee "yg : quambitts which ar elewly vanying with CamScanner pe Ws conblond i Kjor bate sbaneathasie ® Ye netiumendé ugel mLasune the. quantitis, which ane voruyi with, time - Dynamic | we'd 4. © abit, dad. Zone j dina: me (> Malia oon: Grscore of quantity a) "ISA on 65:= Amr aco Sp te the tate wor of quantity A . Am> Measured value efquamttg At? Uae value of quantity A * Bio Wa, Abeobuts Matis yon » dos nol i i ret vale Of ancurney of oneosuntmenld. hy nuladive, sate 10% , lone 8 En. Aboohult'S: Orr = Gy! Eyes Absolule Sialic Wr * Zur hom AL +e ON- Ve. 4G Am >Az, then Wor & +e - *g) Am < Az, thn Uvur & Ve | Motu Lovrertiony dt @ the ae b/w thus value & mea- = Rusuol volue of. quality 6,2 Am- Ar LE =AmtC Ar) e Aq = Am- €o - At it Amt C £5) a . FM = Amt err Se is connection factor” pes Eel § A voltmeter hoe a Cue value =z. “Sfuality of amuoeuncimont & provided “Of 150V. An omalen imGiument with a sale Hamge of 016 Roov shows a vig of S48. What ane the values of abeoluti Wtor, 26 % fraction, of the tuevalu one nee & the full ale: dajlction. z - Ar= 160V. LAS dS . ™ sy. Inom aD — A, =A Eo. . 1G = Am Az =(t48 - 450) ¥ "perry Ar = Am GA hem) _ | =-2y. 7 Ait byAte Am Se =“ = -(-a) = av. Pale y= Se ay i Ze A = Am u = Feo = ae a ) =-0.0133 CamScanner lpia f° nd “ud Pekan a ae 2 Readution i the smableat > tron & emus poctons a cat ON 04 /oaans © = O04+A0 tivity is the abil ‘of ame + > Whe tome wo ! aece nn hry isan int i Ke | chomges /varions nw a. minbioing sugar omy 7P nN } 5 2 _ un ‘ - mats ofp 6 ee otitis sosesil ring. auantity Li) _ eee “ 1 aidinalo’ insthument gtr~ Quad Zone % Beas Vine = "oun / ragoonds © ily charg | tng tig ? ‘cl nolio of chamge im inal f Ryde hanna °° be soa cr ae tn Gage) kyu ef Response : Pop. Bi j | joe high) range © Rayoonte Une (low-high) range ® Yidebi she ramge por 2100 15 in" Yo Hanusuing fog value whine e i Are? ren @ Byam WU, . O Spurs aponte = he punt of fusponse, Ue clifined iP , nae : the wit, with Whteh: om | bad ox he nopicld “> Gh dunwl hamal/ dost ore & % phomaee Vie runaunig ayiardity iJp value where. te YP @ Ruponse. lime - a ae vie iyo. Urusei). dk te time rugyct by Una oe mo anim / byline eutle t6 Ue 5 he gp diack » Mama % Las mat EEL AT LRT PLN OPES BOVE PENT OREIIED BOSE ER POPE UU ee an bee. sence CamScanner 6) Fidelity r sideliGy of a Syelim ws ' cae a the ofp in the Somme eet OE ab or popnodluce Abode ° forn.08 the Up: eke vollige , murvunt, pana) Reguoney Fr imebicoshes whomaes vv > eluthoolynaomometin type ineliuument Sy a i Tn be : 5 QAO - , e . ‘eae: #Uyelfediyrosmemeld, thpe etiumer’ = @° Homsuning fag. > tt is useel 16 munsune quomtittrs Uke satlaly in AE Hepes 4°" Carag, cxrgint § pacer fom Bah top. chamge in the AL De ein. nett , volbinelia > dis wed 08 A ale at - snterethr. PH aS AL nt. ; yi Coe nae) imativuneemi tags pom is Kyo. anne i> Yur 4 the olifprunee pina Fouad bio the tun value of the quamty HOT eminoling ts sanging tik Hine % the value > Nowing ool eae the Fiongutl this torque wll ager indicate, by the instivn ad poli thu aie mens, te opomtites - ; > Rand. ping produces eontilling Jonas. i‘ 42 guint on the MC. sar ita =O yyy un meaw thal VT the Cnatmtamenus dfte- T= 1,1, 0M ~ ting Horan alo > thamge mT aublett my ii op auch 0 pat” aapation arr displacement of how the eonbiobling Wrgus of the M guy soil (MC), upring ts pal the dg Nuchamiand. enongy = Wore done AON appose, hy , = i xad ; Yhenefore, = final Utaoliy daflustion | ; @. shontfoling = w0&O> torques Q . ipigdl= Tt W. %> koe > Trdo= yigdM 2. At final sling portion. aT = biadM | Ty Te - ETS) TIydM ko - vay = ke 7 | T= Lyon Tip dM Ee D. -titgue | 02 Hae SHI. dnatomimiour Auplieling Re Mugs safe uethodlynamene «pation, MAAS Aiypt ineBumants 7 wnt tn, WOE fat Jy Gq. we the inateintameou- dle ow Ausoumtr (ore dtowlopee vahuns of currant annie by foul § mas, he umisliwational) - — the Mowing endl . fl ‘ te kmour that, inelinLanveows olefcting tongue, a ae the nnenoge dif est torque OVW oe garnpllt aye, (isl h.. tory) T ve > Tas et) vite. ot ute ponent oor Ne Whine, Te Un puricl Jor one pene fee 2 Imei wt - & see t— ‘ pis intin( A) i SB oie et PAS 4s) oo L “. VAL owervage oe el & _dmM 47 Tus aE fia 6 7 4s a | vimust) im,sin(F) be a 23 ): . det) ne L=7d >lae Intima) oe? F- BM. Verne) T= 11h coop Mt hou, 75a tee sin nt ssfoalas. i ; {6 iar! | 8 peat es by th produ onnnts the Mc. in na ae 3a Oh oe = IxTy Mb OX aE: CamScanner ty ° Reckcfieee “, [O%Ph ai DYo etiudy QunONs im. EDM Lnethiument, vat i of Otypte arene OAdnontaga ly disadromtiga’ ferre & 7 dah aan Retifir nil rb . > Fu wane Rachie in i PrP Larue Hlth & 43)oa las Res piston Lt impttiument — pum tf oat] He Ructifion Hype ee pl “¥@ aa li valat Rectefnrer- Rann AC MG Ge ; 4+Vvb uF oats ON a, eee ue Afr, Qiode & O8 fe a fli ie ites only uw DC - ma A comm milan Ree i apap Lonmumieation- ;— ar . “ERE? e Porte 5 he vas ee nJ& howe low pug, fg, we 8 ONG gn, dw volire of of. flowsiong ton Ty re pe ae wnt cs Wei, ay = fat Pk vaio . See HB Oy | een at Ae ~, allt ae vols. X Sonne fo0lonr RMS value. ; = ™m Ship, vale Tm > collate , Im> . * ti Jim = — oe ig nina are! Raat Rust oremuication. eigrale- (he Tey = ee is signa) L, it haa, looovigg an T( Reet Rt Ry) ae we ia | : ostium ta Vi . . = he al), Wore, sucipior Yans= | a . g i er cape HWRe Sa Wi <9 Tu(az) = 0-48 Io(de) Qocl- | 8a = 0.45 Sar bmailivity , = 5 Sac = 0. 458 Aut Wome. Reobipier - - —__ a Lt oe) an, in equpvalint te nme abi Ve & a " of Yi iv. Viens * A subMhongs 4c ic. } (z Nat. fn : WO erls OM Crdud( rem). y JN “Woe = 0.45 B4. | } Run serreaer nevessactieti cata Testa ROO OT LEAT este W au 6) CamScanner sti apt, WT” Me mat Bie | A hovaing om phate Thy 1), 008 (40'-B +A) ryobiuts of “B0° gaa aljpoumee OF sis Z Ta, rab, 08 (40-p +A) Ao Fin Hn A ne rbot cos (10-p+ A) | B= Pm, ser( ot -p) a x . | value of 200 ona Wits: 6 A ue | am, & dm, ore he peat duction at He ‘ | £B Py ib lw Bi4 oe Pr &h, duu, Td, Td, ave m | @ ej-- ob aiporame: deren | ae Oe: “th tai tut HL BT NO Nao, the waly oui SF FL fhe fiw Computt, | L- Be £m ia . Ty = lay- Te | cabana | Tie kd ded sinGpesslA) | “t= eho pes od dy +] / Deflct tongs be inductions | 1% : : i | \ ‘ tiyoe inetiumont | (t0+p+A) ci Ty = Ta - Ta 4 bug enbtnoutlion, & Oe ov | beh ange by ya ib = Kxo,4, 4 sin p cos “ a, U2. Ty, , 15 e08(40'+ Atp) 7 dorintetgh evues Wilh > Ta, = ky Dy 008 (40'+ A+) « nese the Ldadk (cusvunt coil) CamScanner ie cagentoer tsa) He Ty EL toe > (ower) woltage (Potimtat covl) g hoa Yd) Ae Ta,- Ys = ar egctane(o6f) cap > Ree Kuwuneoil = Khe, Ie Cod + K bee Ish ? SS Mic > Polbrtint wih eee K (dylet beaten) 8h Nee Ly gies tioo trae . | Snom polentiil. coil, ' Dp b> angle bf V8.1. Founler dx ce ans Thee: dak us tonsidare Moun ool, rom eusount coll Td, = tate (Sa), duxl ai Z 1, 00s pa “lye Tey OCT. _ € a & Pep Tee EL My, = Jatt mua( M ) ORE os ; Near on oqyet(Ky cotta Pees Me Tare (kite) 62 oa ut Ben CamScanner PLE} 25 fomp dha jornev Md o : I ‘4 eA Mensurament, Roslamee | | dou ratsstonee > Liss thar 11° yea 3 rh Pein > A a | dligh- waietoaets a ship RY B. T Wii bus bar et 7 | a 6 ) OD la 7 (le aie | Sp byrbneay | > de aoits 4 & imworning, mje, & Ame HUMelornere * edb its , thr bus bon > S$ inthe Hamdard ame ane 180° pul of PMA ° vaxinble resistance: tae fe F Ro unknowr mie OIL ue amelie , | df tam. 40te angst ot acre, a Gb | Hac tre late bg. cop ‘ 4 ane > E> tp. drop anise a & : | it x ) ; hie Metin? Ne pd b/vo p&. ® : nay galvamamel is shacing mull on, So thee &, no potintiol eae bw pom& b & ol. pee He ae ce Cp aye, | Ht’ 2y,s he te | Aor bag Bog. oo ee ee Bad 7 Eby. A tea NN biaons bs ee ee 6) CamScanner ‘" Bs by Dus 16 ehamae initia. R, onal y1p-tak ——O thow will be am unbakancocl J,- Is ont Je= 14: cond, whith, causes am umf &o © ye £ ae moro the branch bb P+ Res dit us consider b> Us the vey - Op f po fe. aioe the gplnionwmeli PHO, RHS b> Ey-Fd- > e(ats) = R(P+8). > the vl obop boltisun a ka p> = lag = Ty Pe 75" > ec ie. Nhe wy - dbtop buttoun 0 § PAPI RD rd eat a = Ix (R+AR) cafe) Fees § os of babaaned : Yu vp aligoumer Bf0 0 Ps Eng = Eo= Ea - Fab > b= Ag (YA) Fg Pp. sansittuitg = HMoange mel tay . yes e[ Aeek t , \ are 0 RFARES P45 ancl cif es (air ghee Fubpe Vb oa wmall = ee aitey BA Rts Sumit 1s! [ae a si eae al aR 0 BARES “RFS | Wed mer Ou |. , p,= & (Re sa) (R+s)- R (Rt ARTS) nee BR, “ | (Re aRts)( RS) 4 st RéRtsor—K— sef| Lie: tthe ctaas nusistimer PR ig > E26 Rt ARES) RES) | sheng AR. cifurtion | the DF ccrtenenids 7 by * £ (60R) p= bSAR ’ [Rranes) R+S) (i Re arr s)( (hs pee ICS} CamScanner Cryuatiing © BO we gu, ek Shah s+(Let)h Rt (L~lg) > RK +f $+ lyk St(L-4)M R+(L-Cg) (aang 2 Bi) Ryn tee(l- Ma). s+ tout mie “ “S+(L- tye a RE (Lb) 7 tS+Ln- Ue St YBit RELNMSH St (Loty)R pt (Ur ba)e 7 tee RO SHU)" (ae +4 > i f tap ai > RE (Lehn = e+(L-l) a cE ty Me = $+ A- opr <-e4 Lot A 2 RF “R= f 4 a)r bah = aa fae } oo, £=1(P+8) - kta mn of pial - d = ££ 6 slike wire Fama * Cant 1 7 ag U8 > lang of ef ae K? pastes pir unit bge / fad bye f. HE Kibvin’ ale, be fe 780" Hg gr of wheottlone Ou: ? Nedijeatie of ™ ae oh ait ; Eng = T[Res+ (pta)Xr Qos oe we Pra tK 7 A. oalditional. pb of 0 ame ts b= aT] a (Pr yan Ti, Conti. pg 7] es CR Lo CamScanner Camda = “1 plea | # Measunument of hy h fusiaette = ) bey te > Yo measure the pesistumnee of vntulat, Fama = IPR + pa i“ O) — matbrints. Methods ye pied : on methoot, ( mension Syuatiin ©) @ , meget © Qik _ceplulion. ance intially , - mnt of Murfare volume Meme Uw. Fakes Eamd 4 a P b+q)xn Vig. hr, une freee FEEL 7g oe is ph Ye ‘tua +8 P+yte pryth Conduntor 7 R+o+ (P+9)K f whe |F R+s+ au Cit 8 at nie Pe+e+ (PON (ero - RP. slat Pe aor a mt ig ma Loble foble va Or, k=¥ RI Pt8 | stare pt 1 AS. g- G+a)n_ > Volume put ub cobouloticl - ue (ptath) {6 cotati. Ths yey "7 1 pe ge ae P48 4 |% ag ia ef 8 ae ae, = . firs Te ae [+f g- Nn R WZ lumgttL paar | [+]- pryth ra d,——1 See v7 : ~ Ves bi a Hh ss te Pour Unlsioole - KS Uakiong We Munk ee Let _ 4pE ps fear ft) $s nee 7\P = We va Fug ge ee Peas ‘pe , te Ap ts we (preg — .prorn pene ey >[a= res 2 Noah lt 5am [F r | Ry (Singore neat”) = Me Pt Ady, YY =? i = Nala, v, ie Kem 3