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Elementary Education Multiple Subjects Science (5005) Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive overview of key concepts in elementary science, covering topics such as the scientific method, genetics, the metric system, data analysis, geology, plate tectonics, meteorology, the hydrologic cycle, the ocean, the atmosphere, clouds, the solar system, and the moon. It presents definitions, explanations, and examples, making it a valuable resource for students and educators.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/12/2024

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Elementary Education Multiple Subjects
Science (5005) questions and answers
Scientific method - 1. pose a problem or question
2. formulate a hypothesis or educated guess
3. conduct experiments or tests that will provide a basis to solve the problem or
answer the question
4. observe test results
5. draw conclusions
scientific fact - objective and verifiable conclusion
scientific theory - greater body of accepted knowledge, principles, or relationships
that might explain a scientific fact
scientific law - explanation of events that always lead to the same outcome
model - representation of an idea that can be used to explain events or applied to
new situations to predict outcomes or determine results
anton von leuwenhoek 1723 - used magnifying glass. first to observe single celled
organizms
gregor johan mendel 1884 - father of genetics
-observed occurence of inhereted traits in pea plants
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Science (5005) questions and answers

Scientific method - 1. pose a problem or question

  1. formulate a hypothesis or educated guess
  2. conduct experiments or tests that will provide a basis to solve the problem or answer the question
  3. observe test results
  4. draw conclusions scientific fact - objective and verifiable conclusion scientific theory - greater body of accepted knowledge, principles, or relationships that might explain a scientific fact scientific law - explanation of events that always lead to the same outcome model - representation of an idea that can be used to explain events or applied to new situations to predict outcomes or determine results anton von leuwenhoek 1723 - used magnifying glass. first to observe single celled organizms gregor johan mendel 1884 - father of genetics -observed occurence of inhereted traits in pea plants

Science (5005) questions and answers

barbara mclintock - created first genetic map of maize and was abke to demonstrate basic genetic principles such as how recombination is an exchange of chromosomal information james watson and francis crick - co-discoverers of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which has a double helix shape metric system - kilo=1, hecto= deka= -base unit (gram, meter, liter) deci=1/ centi=1/ milli=1/ mean - sum of list of numbers divided by number of numbers median - middle number in list of numbers sorted from least to greatest. if list is even numbers, median is smaller of two in middle standard deviation - this measures the variability of the data set and determines the amount of confidence one can have in the conclusions mode - value that occurs most frequently in the data set

Science (5005) questions and answers

-detrital, biogenic, and chemical igneous rock - formed from magma -intrusive, plutonic, hypabyssal, extrusice or volcanic -magna that solidifies at depth is intrusive, cools slowly and has course grain -magma that solidifies at/near the surface is extrusive, cools quickly and has fine grain -hypabyssal rock is formed at medium depths metamorphic rock - -that which has been changed with heat and high pressure -deformation, compaction, destruction of the characteristics of the original rock, bending, folding, formation of new minerals through chemical reactions, changes in size/shape of mineral grain -foliated-compressed along one axis -unfoliated-compressed equally from all sides, or lacking specific minerals diameter of earth - 12715 km in diametee depth of center of earth - 6378 km molten outer core - depth of 5150 to 2890 km consists of two layers top is lithospehere (combined with crust) rocky and relatively rigid -bottom asthenosphere or weak sphere resembling thick liquid

Science (5005) questions and answers

theory of plate tectonics - lithospehere composed of plates -move with the viscous upper mantle -9-15 major plates and as many as 40 minor plates -transform boundary-sliding plates -divergent- seperating plates transform boundary (plate tectonics) - two plates sliding past one another along fault line -ex. san andreas fault line where North American and Pacific plates slide past each other divergent boundary (plate tectonics) - two plates spreading apart and forming a new crust convergent boundary (plate tectonics) - the process of subduction causes one plate to go under another volcano - can occur at any plate boundary -divergent (can cause a ridge) -convergent (subduction creates magma which rises to surface to form volcanos) -can also form over hot spots in the middle of a plate lattitude - measurement of distance to equator -determines how much solar radiation a particular area receives (hottest at equator causing deserts and tropical rainforest, lowest at poles causing tundra)

Science (5005) questions and answers

-weather is condition of atmosphere at any given time weather - condition of atmosphere at any given time. both changing events such as clouds, storms, and temperatures as well as more extreme events such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and blizzards hydrologic cycle - water cycle: movement on, abovem and in earth -precipitation -canopy interception -snowmelt -runoff -infiltration -subsurface flow -evaporation -sublimation -advection -condensation -transpiration infiltration (hydrologic cycle) - occurs when water flows from the surface into the ground subsurface flow (hydrologic cycle) - water that flows underground

Science (5005) questions and answers

sublimation (hydrologic cycle) - when water in solid state (ice) changes to water vapor without going through a liquid state advection (hydrologic cycle) - movement of water through atmosphere transpiration (hydrologic cycle) - when water is released from plants into air ocean - salty body of water that encompasses 70.8% surface of earth spanning 361254000 square km, has mass of 1.4x1024grams, greatest depth at marina trench is 10,924 meters below sea level atmosphere - contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon traces of water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gasses becomes thinner farther from earth's surface (difficult to breath about 3km above sea level) -troposphere (lowest) where weather occurs -stratosphere -mesosphere (coldest, where meteors tend to ablate) -thermosphere (where international space station orbits) -exosphere- outermost layer exceeds 10,000km and mainly consists of hydrogen and helium cirrus clouds - high clouds occur between 5000 and 13000 meters above earths surface cloud thin wispy mares tails

Science (5005) questions and answers

nimbostratus - dark gray clouds with uneven bases that indicate rain or snow low clouds from earth surface to 2000meters sun - -center of solar system 70% hydrogen 28% helium and 2% other metals -one of 1billion stars in milky way galaxy -sun is more than 99.8% of total mass of solar system -core temp 15.6 million k solar system - -Mercury-closest ro sun and smallest (88 day orbit) -Venus- 2nd to sun. 225 day orbit -Earth- 3rd to sun 365 day orbit -Mars-4th planet from sum -Jupiter- 5th planet from sun. largest. planetary ring. 63 moons and red spot which is anticyclonic storm -Saturn-6th planet from sun. 2nd largest. system of rings 61 moons -Uranus-7th planet from sun. coldest atmosphere. ring system. 13 moons -Neptune-8th planet from sun. 3rd largest mass. 12 moons. strongest winds of any planet astronomical unit - 1 AU is 149598000km or distance from earth to sun waxing (moon) - 2 weeks when moon goes from new moon to full moon

Science (5005) questions and answers

waning (moon) - 2 weeks when moon goes from full moon to new moon new moon - moon is not illuminated. rises and sets with sun cresent moon - tiny sliver is lit first quarter moon - half the moon is lit ans the phase of moon is due south of meridian gibbous - more than half moon is lit (like football) right side moon? - moon is lit full moon - moon is illuminated. rises at sunset and sets at sunrise eukaryotic cells - -have nucleus -membrane bound organelles that perform various functions -DNA mostly in chromosomes in nucleus -divide by mitosis and are diploid -animal and plant cells prokaryotic cells - - no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles -DNA not in nucleus but in nucleoid in cytoplasm

Science (5005) questions and answers

miosis - cell division (daughter cells have different genetic coding than parent cell) -only happens in specialized reproductive cells called gametes -basically does mitosis twice to create 4 daughter cells (instead of 2) with different sets of chromosomes genotype - al possible genes (including recessive phenotype - physical manifestation of genes allele - aka trait. is the variation of the gene: determines the manifestation of the gene gradualism (evolution) - idea that evolution proceeds gradually with no sudden developments of a new species or features from one generation to the next punctuated equilibrium - idea in evolutionary biology that evolution proceeds in long periods of no change (stasis) followed by relatively brief periods (hundreds of thousands of years) of rapid change grouping in 5 kingdom classification - Kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, species 5 kingdoms - -monera -protista -fungi

Science (5005) questions and answers

-plantae -animalia