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NYS EMT-B State Exam Written | 100% Correct
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An EMS Provider responds to a call and finds an 8- yr old female with no pulse or respirations. The patient has a history of terminal brain cancer. The family states the last time she as seen alive was 5 mins prior to EMS being called. They also state patient has a DNR oder. In NYS, EMS personnel may accept which of the following DNR instruments as valid? Verbal request from family A. Written non-hospital B. DNR or MOLST form C. Written healthcare proxy D. Written living will - ✔✔Written out-of-hospital DNR OR MOLST FORM Implied Consent exists when a patient is suffering from a life-threatening injury or illness and is: a. Under police custody b. A threat to himself and others c. Under age of 18 d. Unconscious - ✔✔D. unconscious The opposite of distal is a. Superior b. Medial c. Lateral d. Proximal - ✔✔D. Proximal The chamber of the heart that is most muscular and that pumps the most blood into the aorta is the a. Right atrium b. Left ventricle c. Right ventricle
d. Left atrium - ✔✔B. LEFT VENTRICLE In correct sequence (VERTEBRAE SECTIONS) and number in each section - ✔✔cervical (7), thoracic (5), lumbar (12), sacral (5), and coccygeal (4) The purpose of the first set of vital signs is to: - ✔✔A. establish a baseline for additional evaluations PCR has how many spots for writing vital signs? - ✔✔3 spots When you take the pulse of a patient, you are really a. Counting pressure waves of blood that the heart sends through an artery b. Feeling the swelling of the vein as each wave of blood passes back to the heart c. Noting the heartbeats in the column of blood in a large vein d. Feeling the vibrations of the heart muscles as they push the blood through - ✔✔A. counting the pressure waves of blood that the heart sends through an artery In people whose skin is darkly pigmented, cyanosis is BEST seen by observing a. Mucosal membranes b. Earlobes c. Scalp d. Face - ✔✔A. mucosal membranes You are treating an alert 35-year old trauma patient. You palpate a strong radial pulse of 100. Your partner has taken the patient's blood pressure and advised you that it is 68/32. You should: a. Suspect the accuracy of the pressure reading and reevaluate it b. Accept the reading as accurate c. Ask you partner to retake BP reading again in 15 min
B. pupil size C. blood pressure D. skin color - ✔✔A. CHEST EXPANSION What is the best measure of respiration? - ✔✔skin color ventilation vs respiration - ✔✔ventilation- the simple movement of air into and out of the lungs respiration- the exchange of gases between the lungs, the blood, and the tissues of the body Unless additional suctioning time is necessary to clear the airway, an adult patient should be suctioned for NO LONGER THAN A. 5 sec B. 10 sec C. 15 sec D. 20 sec - ✔✔15 seconds During single-rescuer CPR, which of the following ventilation devices would be MOST effective for ventilating a patient A. NRB B. Pocket mask w/ oxygen C. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) D. BVM w/o oxygen - ✔✔B. Pocket mask with Oxygen because you can maintain a better seal While performing ventilations on an infant or child in respiratory arrest, you should ventilate every A. 5-6 seconds B. 3-5 seconds C. 1-2 seconds - ✔✔B. 3-5 seconds
The oropharyngeal airway will help keep the tongue away from the a. Posterior pharyngeal wall b. Nasal passage c. Epiglottis d. Posterior larynx - ✔✔a. Posterior pharyngeal wall You are called to the home of a patient who is on physician prescribed low-concentration oxygen and who is NOT in acute respiratory distress. Which type of oxygen delivery device should you use during transport? A. NRB B. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) C. BVM w/ supplemental oxygen D. Nasal cannula - ✔✔D. Nasal cannula Used specifically for someone not in respiratory distress and prescribed O2 from doctor An EMS provider is treating a patient who has a head injury resulting from a blow by a baseball bat. What other problem are likely to be present? A. Hypothermia B. Hypertensive shock due to blood loss C. Spinal injuries D. Lung collapse - ✔✔C. Spinal injuries biggest risk for someone with a massive injury is? - ✔✔Airway problem In a HEALTHY person, respiration is controlled by level A. carbon dioxide B. blood sugar C. oxygen
C. discontinue the Primary Assessment and start the Detailed Physical Examination D. continue with your Primary Assessment - ✔✔D. Continue with Primary Assessment Which of the following measures is NOT part of the Primary Assessment of an accident victim? A. assessing the pulse quality B. manual stabilization of the cervical spine C. suctioning of the airway D. taking patient history - ✔✔D. Taking patient history Any physical exam of a patient should begin with A inspection B manipulation C stabilization D palpation - ✔✔A inspection the "A" in the mnemonic AVPU stands for for - ✔✔ALERT A 65-yr old male was involve in a two motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, he complains of chest pain when breathing and tenderness of the sternum. Your INITIAL care should include: A stabilizing the sternum B positioning the patient on his side C administering high-concentration oxygen D administering the patient's prescribed nitroglycerin - ✔✔C Administering high-conc oxygen When spinal injuries are suspected, the EMS provider should FIRST A hyperextend the neck to secure the airway B determine the extent of the paralysis C apply an extrication collar
D apply manual stabilization and secure the airway - ✔✔D apply manual stabilization and secure the airway For a trauma victim w/ a respiratory rate of 40/min, shallow and irregular, who is pale and has a history of emphysema, the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment would be to: a. use of a bvm w/ supp oxygen b. administer low-conc oxygen b/c of emphysema history c. administer supp oxygen w/ a high-conc mask d. transport the patient sitting up to ease the patient's dyspnea - ✔✔A. Use of a BVM w/ supp. oxygen If the EMS provider is unable to find a patient's peripheral pulse during a Primary Assessment, next step should be to: a. turn on the AED b. palpate the carotid pulse c. open the airway and insert an OPA d. check breathing and begin CPR - ✔✔b. palpate the carotid pulse While assessing the MOI of a motor vehicle crash, an EMS provider finds that the airbag has been deployed: The EMS provider should: a. decontaminate the patient b. remove the airbag c. disconnect the battery d. lift the airbag and check underneath for damage - ✔✔d. lift the airbag and check underneath for damage If life threatening conditions are identified during the focused history and physical exam, the EMT should immediately: a. repeat the Primary Assessment b. take vital signs c. begin transportation efforts d. provide life-saving interventions - ✔✔D. provide life-saving interventions
Before assisting patient's in taking their own nitroglycerin, and EMS provider must check the: a. Expiration date b. Physicians name c. Color of tablet d. Prescription date - ✔✔A. expiration date 40 - yr old female has difficulty breathing. You determine she has an open airway nad an altered mental status. Her respirations are 8 and shallow. The MOST important step for the EMS provider to take is to a) ask family members of the patients if there's a history of COPD b) assist patient's respiratory efforts w/ high conc oxygen using a BVM c) watch patient carefully and obtain vital signs d) assess the use of accessory muscles while breathing - ✔✔b) assist patient's respiratory efforts w/ high conc oxygen using a BVM You are assessing a patient who complains of difficulty breathing and of "not getting enough air" Which of the following will quickly CONFIRM that the pt is not getting sufficient oxygen? A. pink nail beds B. smell of nail polish C. use of accessory muscles while breathing - ✔✔C. the use of accessory muscles while breathing While carrying concrete blocks at a construction site, a 58 yr old man suddenly develops chest pain and shortness of breath- appears frightened, vomits, and has cool clammy skins. thse are probably signs of a- hiatal hernia b- heat exhaustion c- fatigue d- heart attack - ✔✔D. heart attack A building contractor, under tremendous pressure to meet a job deadline, experiences diffuse pain in his chest. The pain lasts for several minutes, then disappears w/ rest. The EMS provider should suspect a- angina pectoris
b- muscular cramps c- pulmonary edema d- congestive heart failure - ✔✔A. angina pectoris What acute disorder of the Cardiovascular system is caused by sudden blockage of coronary arteries a. Angina pectoris b. Myocardial infarction c. Stroke - ✔✔B. Myocardial infarction Angina vs Heart attack - ✔✔angina: spastic constriction of the arteries Heart attack: sudden blockage of arteries You are treating a patient who is complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. You should have the patient lie: a) flat and take slow deep breaths b) in whatever position feels most comfortable c) on his/her back w/ head elevated and take fast shallow breaths d) in a coma position - ✔✔b) in whatever position feels most comfortable
- A 62-yr old male is complaining of breathing difficulty and left arm pain radiating to the right jaw. Vital signs BP 90/60, P= 120, R=24. The patient should be administed: - ✔✔A. high-conc oxygen and should be placed in a position of comfort for ease of breathing Immediately after delivering an initial shock to the patient, the EMS provider should a- give 2 ventilations b- perform compressions c- check for a pulse d- check BP - ✔✔B. perform compressions
- altered mental status
- unconsciousness
- permanent brain damage Hypoglycemia vs Hyperglycemia - ✔✔Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar, high insulin)- RAPID ONSET Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar, low insulin) Which one of the following is the medical term for a low blood sugar concentration? - ✔✔hypoglycemia Which of the following is a sign assoc. with a patient w/ a history of diabetes who has an altered mental status? a. Flushed face b. Slow pulse c. Drunken appearance d. Warm dry skin - ✔✔C. drunken appearance A 21 yr old male is found sitting in an automobile in a parking lot. He has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes. Your attempt to question him yields little info, as his responses are inappropriate for the questions. Your treatment for this patient include: a. Suctioning patients airway b. Full immobilization of patients head neck and spine c. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth d. Open airway with OPA - ✔✔C. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth
- AMS//likely hypoglycemia Sugar passess from the blood to the cells w/ the aid of a chemical susbtances known as - ✔✔insulin Which of the following are the signs of a severe allergic reaction a. Decreased BP, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing
b. Pain in chest, rapid pulse, pallor, sweating c. Decreased BP strong pulse, heavy breathing - ✔✔A. Decreased BP, Itching, Swelling, Difficulty breathing WUSH (Wheezing, urticaria, strider, hypotension) Autoinjectors should be administed in the - ✔✔d- lateral thigh, midway b/w the waist and the knee do after injection : Massage area, dispose in sharps container A child drank some unknown fluid. You arrive at the scene and note the following signs: Child's mouth and lips are burned, child is coughing and gagging. What should you do? a) administer syrup of ipecac b) administer activated charcoal and induce vomiting c) call the medical or poison control center for advice d) administer syrup of ipepac and activated charcoal - ✔✔c- call the medical or poison control center for advice
- wouldn't use ipecac bc of corrosiveness-burned lips A 28-yr old patient presents supine on the floor, unconscious, unresponsive, and with snoring respirations at a rate of 6 per minute. Bystanders report that the patient is diabetic, taken no medications, and may have ingested heroin half an hour prior to the EMS Provider's arrival. After opening the patient's airway, the EMS provider should: - ✔✔insert an airway adjunct and ventilate w/ 100% oxygen using a BVM The treatment for an unconscious patient w/ generalized hypothermia would be to: - ✔✔prevent further heat loss & transport gently why gently? VFIB can happen
a) massage the mother's uterus b) apply direct pressure to the vagina c) hold the mother's legs together in order to stop the bleeding d) pack the vagina with gauze pads - ✔✔A. massage the mother's uterus The EMS provider has clamped and cut the umbilical cord following the delivery of a baby, then notices that the end of the cord attached to the baby is bleeding. In this situation, the MOST APPROPRIATE course of action would be to: - ✔✔apply another clamp as close to the original as possible You are assisting in an emergency childbirth/ The baby's head has completely emerged and you are supporting it with one hand. At this point you should a. Gently pull on baby's head to ensure delivery b. Apply pressure to babys head to avoid explosive delivery c. Turn baby's head to one side d. Remove cord if it is wrapped around the neck - ✔✔D. remove the cord if it is wrapped around the infant's neck A 25-yr old woman is in active labor. The umbilical cord is presenting through the vagina. You would: a. Gently pull on cord b. Massage uterus c. Replace cord in vagina d. Place mom supine with hips elevated, administer O2 and transport - ✔✔D. place the mother in a supine position with hips elevated, administer oxygen, and transport During breach delivery, what should you do if the baby's head is not delivered after the body - ✔✔with a gloved hand, establish an airway for the baby How would you describe bleeding from a vein - ✔✔Dark red, flowing steadily To control a nosebleed in a patient WITHOUT suspected spinal traujma, the EMS provider should - ✔✔pinch the patient's nostrils together and sit the patient leaning forward to allow drainage
All of the following cojnditions can lead to hypoperfusion (SHOCK) except: A. dilated blood vessels/pooling blood in extremities B. loss of fluid volume C. inc fluid volume D. dec cardiac output - ✔✔increased fluid volume A localized soft tissue injury characterized by swelling and bruising a. Contusion b. Avulsion c. Laceration d. Abrasion - ✔✔contusion Contusion Avulsion: Laceration: Abrasion: Definitions - ✔✔Contusion Bruise Avulsion: flap Laceration: jagged cut Abrasion: road rash You are treating a male patient who has a penetrating chest wound and frothy bright-red blood at the mouth. About 10 minutes after sealing the chest wall, you notice the patient's breathing becoems much worse. At this point you should, a) immediately place the patient on the uninjured side b) lift one corner of the dressing c) administer positive-pressure ventilation immediately d) administer pure oxygen to aid respiration - ✔✔b) lift one corner of the dressing
anterior of right arm: 4. Which one of the following statements regarding burns is INCORRECT? a) Full thickness burns inolving the hands, face or feet are considered critical burns b) Burns occuring in patients w/ heart conditions should be considered critical c) Electrical burns usually cause insignificant damage to the underlying soft tissues d) Chemical antidotes should never be used to neutralize burns of the eyes - ✔✔C- electric burns usually cause insignificant damage to the underlying soft tissues An EMS provider is called to the scene where a victim has sustained an electrical burn. It is important for the EMS provider to: a. Immediately connect AED b. Check patient for entry and exit wounds c. Immediately pulls the patient from electrical source d. Administer oxygen to the patient via nasal cannula - ✔✔B. check the patient for entry and exit wounds What should you do first for a victim who shows signs of an injured shoulder? - ✔✔Manually stabilize the injury site When the bone ends of a joint are out place, the injury is called a - ✔✔dislocation In the emergency care of extremity injuries, a splint should be applied because a) immobilization lessens pain and prevents further damage to tissues b) if left out of alignemnt, bone ends might grow together crookedly c) splinting will permit a limited use of the broken limb d) this will promote immediate healing - ✔✔A. immobilization lessens pains and prevents further damage to tissues When the spinal cord is severed above the fifth cervical vertebrae, paralysis is likely to occur in a. All extremities
b. The upper extremities c. Lower extremities - ✔✔A. all extremities Severing of spinal cord above 5th vs below 5th vertebrae - ✔✔ABOVE 5TH = ALL paralyzed BELOW 5TH= LOWER paralysis In rescuing a diving accident victim from a swimming pool, the EMS provider's FIRST action is to: a. Lay victim on flat surface b. Stabilize entire spine before removing from water c. Take patient out of water and then stabilize pt - ✔✔b. Stabilize/immobilize entire spine before removing from water To extricate a PT from an automobile w/ a suspected cervical spine injury, which of the following mechanical aids should be employed fIRST? a) soft cervical collar b) long backboard c) extrication collar d) short backboard - ✔✔C. extrication collar The treatment for a trauma victim who has sustained a hip joint injury is to: - ✔✔apply padded board splints and a long spine backboard You are assessing a 55 yr old male who has tripped and hit his head on the sidewalk. You find a large hematoma on his forehead, normal vital signs, and no other visible injuries. He complains of tingling in both hands. You should treat this patient for: a) hypoperfusion b) hyperventilation c) angina pectoris d) cervical spine injury - ✔✔D. cervical spine injury
