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A patient has been taking pain medication for several months. To maintain the desired effect, they must periodically increase his dose. What is this known as? A. Cumulative effect B. Tolerance C. Synergism D. Additive effect ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Tolerance A 70 year old male with a history of CHF complains of severe dyspnea. During transport his SpO2 drops to 76% and he starts to cough up pink sputum. What should you do? A. Assist his ventilations B. Increase the flow of oxygen C. Administer 40mg of Lasix IVP D. Perform a 12 lead EKG ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Assist his ventilations A 47 year old, 98 kg male has burns on 25% of his body. In the first 8 hours post-burn, what fluid treatment should he recieve? A. 9800 ml of normal saline (NS). B. 4900 ml of normal saline (NS). C. 4900 ml of lactated ringers (LR). D. 9800 ml of lactated ringers (LR). ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- C. 4900 ml of lactated ringers (LR).
What is the correct dosage of ipratropium bromide during an asthma attack? A. 0.3-0.5 mg, subcutaneously B. 250 mg, by nebulizer C. 0.5 mg, by nebulizer D. 0.25 mg, subcutaneously ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. 0. mg, by nebulizer What structure contains the respiratory center of the brain? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Pons D. Medulla ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. Medulla What is the movement of drugs in the body as they are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted called? A. Biotransformation B. Pharmacokinetics C. The mechanism of action D. Pharmacodynamics ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Pharmacokinetics Which cranial nerve is responsible for sensation in the face? A. VII B. V C. VIII D. II ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. V A known alcoholic is unresponsive and coughing up bright, red blood. Which of the following would be contraindicated? A. Dual lumen airway
D. Atrial complex. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. QRS complex. What should you do when you suspect child abuse? A. Question the parent about the events leading to the injury. B. Remove the child from the abuser's care. C. Confirm your suspicions of abuse. D. Report your suspicions to the appropriate authorities. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. Report your suspicions to the appropriate authorities. What type of pain allows an examiner to pinpoint the area of irritation? A. Somatic B. Visceral C. Referred D. Parietal ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Somatic What class of medication causes the uterus to contract? A. Antipyretics B. Oxytocics C. Antihistamines D. Steriods ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Oxytocics What is the innermost layer of the heart? A. Hypercardium B. Endocardium C. Myocardium D. Epicardium ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Endocardium
A 25 year old female is found lying in the shrubs on a college campus. Her clothing is torn and she is covered in dirt. She does not remember how she got there and cannot answer all of your questions. What should you do? A. Perform a detailed assessment B. Check her blood glucose C. Call for police assistance D. Notify her parents ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Call for police assistance A 57 year old male complains of bleeding with defecation. He claims no significant medical history, has had no recent illness, and takes no medications. What should you suspect? A. Pancreatitis B. Viral gastroenteritis C. Ulcerative colitis D. Cholecystitis ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Ulcerative colitis Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange occur? A. Alveoli B. Bronchioles C. Pharynx D. Larynx ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Alveoli What is the study of the drug receptor interaction called? A. Pharmacology B. Physiology C. Pharmacodynamics D. Pharmacokinetics ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Pharmacodynamics What are the primary ions involved in action potential synthesis and transmission?
D. Hering-Breuer reflex ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. Hering- Breuer reflex A 72 year old female woke with dyspnea. Crackles are audible to her scapulae bilaterally. She is coughing frothy pink sputum. Vital signs are BP 158/98, P 128, R 8. What should you do to improve her minute volume? A. Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingual B. Administer furosemide 1 mg/kg IV at 20 mg/min C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM D. Provide oxygen by non-rebreather mask ------CORRECT ANSWER------- --------C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM A 55 year old female was in a motor vehicle crash. She starts vomiting while you attempt to nasotracheally intubate her. What should you do? A. Remove the tube and use an ET tube. B. Auscultate breath sounds over the lungs and epigastrium. C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. D. Attempt to intubate through her other nostril. ------CORRECT ANSWER-- -------------C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. A 43 year old patient was struck in the chest and has a large bruise over her sternum. She states that her heart "feels like it is beating funny. The 3 lead ECG shows sinus tachycardia with ST elevation and frequent unifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Vital signs are BP 108/80, P 124 and irregular, R 22. What medication should you administer? A. Adenosine, 6 mg over five minutes B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes C. Lidocaine, 1.0 mg/kg over 10 minutes D. Magnesium, 1.5 mg over 5 minutes ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes
A 30 year old female is delivering a newborn. Which areas of the newborn's head should you avoid touching? A. Eyes and jaw B. Mouth and fontanelles C. Mouth and nose D. Eyes and fontanelles ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. Eyes and fontanelles What does asymmetrical chest wall movement that weakens respiratory efficiency indicate? A. Flail chest B. Pneumothorax C. Tracheal obstruction D. Air embolism ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Flail chest You have received an order for a dopamine drip. You carry 500cc bags of D5W. How much dopamine should you add to the bag to create a 1600mcg/1mL dilution? A. 800mg B. 1600mcg C. 1600mg D. 400mcg ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. 800 mg During the absolute refractory period, what happens to the cardiac cell? A. It is unable to be stimulated. B. The cell is vulnerable to partial stimulation. C. Potassium is being pumped out of the cell. D. Calcium has just rushed into the cell. ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----A. It is unable to be stimulated. A 29 year old female fell from an 18 foot roof. During your rapid trauma assessment, where are you most likely to find life-threatening injuries?
- A 23 year old male complains of neck stiffness and flu symptoms for the past few days. He also describes a high fever with a severe headache, dizziness and blurred vision. What should you suspect? A. Hemorrhagic stroke B. Migraine C. Meningitis D. Influenza ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Meningitis
- What causes an emphysema patient to have a pink appearance? A. Elevated PCO2 level B. Polycythemia C. Anemia D. Elevated PO2 level ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Polycythemia
- Which of the following is a musical, squeaking or whistling sound heard in inspiration and expiration while auscultating lung fields? A. Wheezing B. Snoring C. Stridor D. Gurgling ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Wheezing
- You are treating a 82 year old male in hypovolemic shock. In order to increase their blood pressure you should administer: A. 0.45% NaCl via IV B. isotonic fluids orally C. dextrose 5% in water via IO D. isotonic crystalloid via IV ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. isotonic crystalloid via IV
- A 35 year old man is pulseless and apneic. He was found in a lake after falling through the ice. His wife says he left the house 3 hours ago. His is cold and rigid. What should you do? A. Perform chest compressions B. Begin active rewarming techniques C. Obtain IO access and administer a warm fluid bolus D. Contact the medical examiner ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Perform chest compressions
- What does a pulsating mass in the abdomen suggest? A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Perforated ulcer C. Hernia D. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- What is the safest and most effective landing pattern for a helicopter? A. At a slight angle like that of a jet B. Nose of the helicopter pointing up with a tail wind C. Straight up and down in a vertical motion D. Nose of the helicopter pointing down with a slow descent ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. At a slight angle like that of a jet
- During inspiration, what happens to blood flow in the thoracic cavity? A. afterload increases B. blood flow increases to the right atrium C. blood flow through the vena cava is reduced D. pressure in the aorta increases ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. blood flow increases to the right atrium
D. Facilitated diffusion ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Active transport
- A 52 year old male was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact car crash. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe the patient traveled "up and over" the dashboard instead of "down and under"? A. Patellar dislocation B. Cervical spine fracture C. Ruptured diaphragm D. Flail chest ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Ruptured diaphragm
- How does the blood flow through the heart? A. Right ventricle to right atrium to lungs to left ventricle to left atrium B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle C. Left ventricle to left atrium to lungs to right ventricle to right atrium D. Left atrium to left ventricle to lungs to right atrium to right ventricle ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle
- As soon as an infant's head is delivered, what should you do? A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord. B. Rotate the shoulders to the anterolateral position. C. Examine the vulva and perineum for lacerations. D. Exert strong steady pressure on the fundus. ------CORRECT ANSWER-- -------------A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord.
- A patient has aphasia following a stroke, which lobe of the brain was affected? A. Temporal B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Frontal ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Temporal
- What does the P wave represent with an ECG? A. Ventricular depolarization B. Atrial depolarization C. Ventricular repolarization D. Atrial repolarization ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Atrial depolarization
- A lethargic 22 month old male presents with hoarseness and coughing. He has sternal retractions and his belly and chest move in opposite directions with each breath. He is breathing at a rate of 64. What should you suspect? A. Cardiopulmonary failure. B. Respiratory failure. C. Cardiopulmonary arrest. D. Respiratory distress. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Respiratory failure.
- A patient was ejected from an automobile and is apneic and pulseless. ECG reveals a regular rhythm with an R-R interval of 1.24 seconds and a QRS width of 110 milliseconds. You should consider A. transcutaneous pacing. B. atropine 0.5 mg IV. C. epinephrine 1 mg IV. D. adenosine 6 mg rapid IV. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. epinephrine 1 mg IV.
- What organ is located in the upper right quadrant? A. Kidney B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Spleen ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Liver
D. Psychological trauma ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Extra chromosome
- Where would you insert the needle to decompress the chest? A. Below the 3rd rib midclavicular line B. Below the 4th rib midclavicular line C. Above the 4th rib midclavicular line D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line
- A 67 year old male complains of bloody stool with accompanying nausea and emesis. He states symptoms began 3 days ago. Vital signs BP 100/86, P 88, R 18. What should you do? A. IV fluid bolus B. Administer a diuretic C. Administer an antiemetic D. Apply oxygen ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. IV fluid bolus
- How much time do you have to successfully intubate a patient? A. 30 seconds. B. 15 seconds. C. 60 seconds. D. 45 seconds. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. 30 seconds.
- What condition results when the alveoli collapse? A. Pneumothorax B. Pneumonia C. Effusion D. Atelectasis ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. Atelectasis
- Why should you administer IV fluid to a patient in hypovolemic shock? A. Increase the blood pressure B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion C. Increase the body's oxygen carrying capacity D. Maintain the body's homeostatic state ------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -----B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion
- What best defines shock? A. Deficiency of vascular tone due to hemorrhage. B. Inadequate cerebral blood flow. C. Hemorrhage exceeding 50% of total blood volume. D. Lack of adequate perfusion to the tissues. ------CORRECT ANSWER----- ----------D. Lack of adequate perfusion to the tissues.
- What causes priapism in a trauma patient? A. Rupture of the urinary bladder B. Total autonomic nervous system dysfunction C. Parasympathetic nervous system dominance D. Sympathetic nervous system dominance ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------C. Parasympathetic nervous system dominance
- What is the primary function of insulin? A. Increase glucose transport out of the cells and increase pancreas glycogen levels B. Increase glucose transport out of the cells and increase liver glycogen levels C. Increase glucose transport into the cells and increase liver glycogen levels D. Decrease glucose transport into the cells and decrease pancreas glycogen levels ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Increase glucose transport into the cells and increase liver glycogen levels
- What neurotransmitter found in the brain that regulates mood, anxiety, and sleep? A. Acetylcholine B. Gamma-aminobutyric acid C. Norepinephrine D. Serotonin ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. Serotonin
- A 38 year old female complains of sudden onset of shortness of breath. She has no previous history and no allergies. Her only medications are birth control pills. Her last meal was 8 hours earlier at an airport prior to her flight home. What should you suspect? A. Allergic reaction B. Pulmonary embolus C. Influenza D. Undiagnosed asthma ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Pulmonary embolus
- A 35 year old epileptic is actively seizing (full clonic movement). What medication should you consider? A. Verapamil B. Procainamide C. Lorazepam D. Calcium ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Lorazepam
- What causes Tuberculosis? A. Bacteria B. Fungus C. Antibody D. Virus ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Bacteria
- A 68 year old female with CHF took 400 mg of furosemide, and is now unresponsive. Vitals signs are BP 110/70, P 100, R 6. What should you do? A. Perform an IV fluid bolus B. Begin manual ventilations C. Administer sodium bicarbonate D. Administer nitroglycerin ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Begin manual ventilations
- Which stage of delivery begins with complete cervical dilation and ends with delivery of the baby? A. Second B. Third C. Fourth D. First - -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Second
- A 7 year old boy is found supine at the base of 15 foot high jungle gym. His teacher is unsure if he fell from the equipment. Vital signs are BP 100/90, R 0, P 42, SaO2 93%. What should you do? A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. B. Open his airway with a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. D. Start CPR. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver.
- What process involves a gas that travels from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration? A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Activated Transport D. Filtration ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Diffusion
