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NYS EMT-B WRITTEN REVIEW | 100% Correct
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An EMS Provider responds to a call and finds an 8- yr old female with no pulse or respirations. The patient has a history of terminal brain cancer. The family states the last time she as seen alive was 5 mins prior to EMS being called. They also state patient has a DNR oder. In NYS, EMS personnel may accept which of the following DNR instruments as valid? - ✔✔Written out-of-hospital DNR Implied Consent exists when a patient is suffering from a life-threatening injury or illness and is: - ✔✔unconscious The opposite of distal is - ✔✔Proximal The chamber of the heart that is most muscular and that pumps the most blood into the aorta is the - ✔✔LEFT VENTRICLE In correct sequence (VERTEBRAE SECTIONS) - ✔✔cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal **The purpose of the first set of vital signs is to: - ✔✔establish a baseline for additional evaluations When you take the pulse of a patient, you are really - ✔✔counting the pressure waves of blood that the heart sends through an artery In people whose skin is darkly pigmeneted, cyanosis is BEST seen by observing - ✔✔under the tongue You are treating an alert 35-year old trauma patient. You palpate a strong radial pulse of 100. Your partner has taken the patient's blood pressure and advised you that it is 68/32. You should: - ✔✔a- suspect the accuracy of the pressure reading and reevaluate it yourself
**A correct statement about diastolic blood pressure is that it is the pressure - ✔✔a-exists when the heart's left ventricle is refilling (OR heart Which of the following is an example of a symptom?
- Cyanosis
- Chest pain
- Dilated pupils
- Low BP - ✔✔CHEST PAIN For a patient with a suspected lumbar spinal injury, the BEST device for moving the patient as a single unit over uneven terrain is the:
- wheeled stretcher
- long spine board
- flexible stretcher
- short spine board - ✔✔*fleixble stretcher? Which of the following is the best indicator of the quality of ventilations
- chest expansion
- pupil size
- blood pressure
- skin color - ✔✔CHEST EXPANSION Unless additional suctioning time is necessary to clear the airway, an adult patient should be suctioned for NO LONGER THAN - ✔✔15 seconds **During single-rescuer CPR, which of the following ventilation devices would be MOST effective for ventilating a patient
- NRB
- Pocket mask w/ oxygen
could be oxygen if talking ab process of repsiration In conducting the Primary Assessment of a conscious patient, the EMS provider must attend to the patient's emergency needs in the order of: - ✔✔Respiration, Pulse, Bleeding A patient with acute respiratory distress requiring oxygen therapy is LEAST likely to exhibit:
- a slow pulse rate
- anxiety
- nasal flaring
- intercostal muscle retractions - ✔✔a slow pulse rate After you have determined that the scene is safe, the FIRST step in caring for a patient is to:
- check for a carotid pulse
- open the airway
- determine unresponsiveness
- check for breathing - ✔✔Determine unresponsiveness (GEN IMP, LOC, CC) **During the Prim. Assessment, you are assessing a conscious trauma patient complaining loudly of pain in the leg, you should:
- begin to obtain the history
- assess the leg immediately
- discontinue the Primary Assessment and start the Detailed Physical Examination
- continue with your Primary Assessment - ✔✔Continue with Primary Assessment Which of the following measures is NOT part of the Primary Assessment of an accident victim?
- assessing the pulse quality
- manual stabilization of the cervical spine
- suctioning of the airway
- taking patient history - ✔✔Taking patient history Any physical exam of a patient should begin with
- inspection
- manipulation
- stabilization
- palpation - ✔✔inspection the "A" in the mnemonic AVPU stands for for - ✔✔ALERT A 65-yr old male wa involve in a two motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, he complains of chest pain when breathing and tenderness of the sternum. Your INITIAL care should include:
- stabilizing the sternum
- positioning the patient on his side
- administering high-concentration oxygen
- administering the patient's prescribed nitroglycerin - ✔✔Administering high-conc oxygen *When spinal injuries are suspected, the EMS provider should FIRST a hyperextend the neck to secure the airway b determine the extent of the paralysis c apply an extrication collar d apply manual stabilization and secure the airway - ✔✔apply manual stabilization and secure the airway **For a trauma victim w/ a respiratory rate of 40/min, shallow and irregular, who is pale and has a history of emphysema, the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment would be to: a. use of a bvm w/ supp oxygen b. administer low-conc oxygen b/c of emphysema history c. administer supp oxygen w/ a high-conc mask d. transport the patient sitting up to ease the patient's dyspnea - ✔✔Use of a BVM w/ supp. oxygen
When a patient is stable, EMS provider should repeat the ongoing assessment every - ✔✔15 minutes *In performing an ongoing assessment on a 10-yr old pedestrian struck by a MV, the EMS provider's first step is to, a) recheck vital signs b) repeat the prim assessment c) check the intervnetions d) repeat a rapid assessment - ✔✔recheck the patient's vital signs The pre-hospital care report PCR is considered to be a) part of patient's hospital chart b) matter of public record c) inadmissible in a court of law d) research document only - ✔✔part of patient's hospital chart Before assisting patient's in taking their own nitroglycerin, and EMS provier must check the: - ✔✔expiration date 40 - yr old female has difficulty breathing. You determine she has an open airway nad an altered mental status. Her respirations are 8 and shallow. The MOST important step for the EMS provider to take is to a) ask family members of the patients if there's a history of COPD b) assist patient's respiratory efforts w/ high conc oxygen using a BVM c) watch patient carefully and obtain vital signs d) assess the use of accessory muscles whiel breathing - ✔✔b- assist the patients........... You are assessing a patient who complains of difficulty breathing and of "not getting enough air" WHich of the following will quickly CONFIRM that the pt is not getting sufficient oxygen? - ✔✔the use of accessory muscles while breathing
While carrying concrete blocks at a construction site, a 58 yr old man suddenly develops chest pain and shortness of breath- appears frightened, vomits, and has cool clammy skins. thse are probably signs of a- hiatal hernia b- heat exhaustion c- fatigue d- heart attack - ✔✔heart attack A building contractor, under tremendous pressure to meet a job deadline, experiences diffuse pain in his chest. The pain lasts for several minutes, then disappears w/ rest. The EMS provider should suspect a- angina pectoris b- muscular cramps c- pulmonary edema d- congestive heart failure - ✔✔angina pectoris What acute disorder of the Cardiovascular system is casued by sudden blockage of coronary arteries - ✔✔Myocardial infarction *You are treating a patient who is complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. You should have the patient lie: a) flat and take slow deep breaths b) in whatever position feels most comfortable c) on his/her back w/ head elevated and take fast shallow breaths d) in a coma position - ✔✔in whatever position feels most comfortable
- obstructed airway- sitting up
- A 62-yr old male is complaining of breathing difficulty and left arm pain radiating to the right jaw. Vital signs BP 90/60, P= 120, R=24. The patient should be administed: - ✔✔high-conc oxygen and should be placed in a position of comfort for ease of breathing Immediately after delivering an initial shock to the patient, the EMS provider should a- give 2 ventilations
- seizures RESULTS
- starvation of brain cells
- altered mental status
- unconsciousness
- permanent brain damage Which one of the following is the medical term for a low blood sugar concentration? - ✔✔hypoglycemia Which of the following is a sign assoc. with a patient w/ a history of diabetes who has an altered mental status? - ✔✔drunken appearance A 21 yr old male is found sitting in an automobile in a parking lot. He has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes. Your attempt to question him yields little info, as his responses are inappropriate for the questions. Your treatment for this patient include: - ✔✔Administration of a glucose solution by mouth
- AMS//likely hypoglycemia Sugar passess from the blood to the cells w/ the aid of a chemical susbtances known as - ✔✔insulin Which of the following are the signs of a severe allergic reaction - ✔✔Decreased BP, Itching, Swelling, Difficulty breathing WUSH (Wheezing, urticaria, strider, hypotension) Autoinjectors should be administed in the - ✔✔d- latera lthigh, midway b/w the waist and the knee A child drank some unknown fluid. You arrive at the scene and note the following signs: Child's mouth and lips are burned, child is coughing and gagging. What should you do?
a) administer syrup of ipecac b) administer activated charcoal and induce vomiting c) call the medical or poison control center for advice d) administer syrup of ipepac and activated charcoal - ✔✔c- call the medical or poison control center for advice
- wouldn't use ipecac bc of corrosiveness-burned lips A 28-yr old patient presents supine on the floor, unconscious, unresponsive, and with snoring respirations at a rate of 6 per minute. Bystanders report that the patient is diabetic, taken no medications, and may have ingested heroin half an hour prior to the EMS Provider's arrival. After opening the patient's airway, the EMS provider should: - ✔✔insert an airway adjunct and ventilate w/ 100% oxygen using a BVM The treatment for an unconscious patient w/ generalized hypothermia would be to: - ✔✔prevent further heat loss & transport gently A severe heat emergency is characterized by - ✔✔hot, dry skin sever eheat emergency
- heat stroke- hot, dry For a patient who has been bitten on the arm by a rattlesnake, which of the following actions should be taken while the patient is being transported to the hospital? - ✔✔place the site of the bite below the level of the patient's heart The appropriate action to take when you MUST apply restraints to an emotionally disturbed patient who is a danger to himself and others is to remove the straps - ✔✔when directed by a physician at the hospital Which of the following statements regarding the basic anatomy of the developing fetus is correct? - ✔✔the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the placenta
- loss of fluid volume
- inc fluid volume
- dec cardiac output - ✔✔increased fluid volume A localized soft tissue injury characterized by swelling and bruising - ✔✔contusion **You are treating a male patient who has a penetrating chest wound and frothy bright-red blood at the mouth. About 10 minutes after sealing the chest wall, you notice the patient's breathing becoems much worse. At this point you should, a) immediately place the patient on the uninjured side b) life one corner of the dressing c) administer positive-pressure ventilation immediately d) administer pure oxygen to aid respiration - ✔✔administer positive pressure ventilation immediately Which of the followingb est describes an evisceration - ✔✔bowel loops protruding through the abdomen A patient was pulled from a house fire and has burns involving arms, chest and back. You should FIRST - ✔✔assess for airway and respiratory distrsss An adult has suffered partial thickness burns over the chest, abdomen, back, buttocks, and right arm. According to rule of 9's, what percentage of body surface has been burned? - ✔✔45% Chest- 9, Ab- 9, back- 9, buttocks-9 , right arm- 9 Which one of the following statements regarding burns is INCORRECT? a) Full thickness burns inolving the hands, face or feet are considered critical burns b) Burns occuring in patients w/ heart conditions should be considered critical c) Electrical burns usually cause insignificant damage to the underlying soft tissues d) Chemical antidotes should never be used to neutralize burns of the eyes - ✔✔C- electric burns usually cause insignificant damage to the underlying soft tissues
An EMS provider is called to the scene where a victim has sustained an electrical burn. It is important for the EMS provider to: - ✔✔check the patient for entry and exit wounds What should you do first for a victim who shows signs of an injured shoulder? - ✔✔Manually stabilize the injury site When the bone ends of a joint are out place, the injury is called a - ✔✔dislocation In the emergency care of extremity injuries, a splint should be applied because a) immobilization lessesn pain and prevents further dmg to tissues b) if left out of alignemnt, bone ends might grow together crookedly c) splinting will permit a limited use of the broken limb d) this will promote immediate healing - ✔✔immobiliation lessesn pains and prevents further damage to tissuesS?? When the spinal cord is severed above the fifth cervical vertebrae, paralysis is likely to occur in - ✔✔all extremities In rescuing a diving accident victim from a swimming pool, the EMS provider's FIRST action is to: - ✔✔immobilize the victim's entire spine before removing him/her from the water To extricate a PT from an automobile w/ a suspected cervical spine injury, which of the following mechanical aids should be employed fIRST? a) soft cervical collar b) long backboard c) extrication collar d) short backboard - ✔✔extrication collar The treatment for a trauma victim who has sustained a hip joint injury is to: - ✔✔apply padded board splints nad a long spine backboard
Which of the following is a condition commonly found in children and is characterized by fever, diarrhea, vomiting and sunken eyes? - ✔✔DEHYDRATION Which of the following is an effective method of quickly assessing the circulatory status of a pediatric trauma victim? - ✔✔Squeezing patient's finger to check capilary refill THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF SEIZURES IN CHILDREN IS - ✔✔FEVER (febrile seizure- contracts illness/infection, fever results) Because of the relatively large size of the head, spinal immobilization for infants and children should include padding of the a) hips b) head c) neck d) shoudlers - ✔✔neck If you suspect that a patient is a victim of child abuse, you should - ✔✔notify your local child protective agency and complete teh DSS form When treating an injured child suspected of being a victim of child abuse, your PRIMARY responsibiltiy is to - ✔✔assess and provide appropriate care The operator of an emergency vehicle must remember that NYS Vehicle and Traffic law grants all of the following privileges to emergency vehicles during an emergency EXCEPT: - ✔✔absolute right-of-way
- OR driving wrong way on one way street Upon arrival at a MVA, an EMS provider should immediately assess the scene for safety, determine the # of patients and the mechanism of injury, and - ✔✔take body substance isolation precautions Which of the following is/are the MOST IMPT personal safety items while ventilating a patient - ✔✔Goggles or safety glasses
In triage, which of the following injuryes would be considered to have the HIGHEST priorities - ✔✔burns, major multiple fractures, spinal injury, compensated shock A single EMS provider finds a non breathing and pulseless victim of a mva lying face down in the road, and suspects the victim has a spinal injury. The EMS provider should - ✔✔turn the victim's body as a unit and begin CPR If slight gastric distention occurs in a victim as a result of positive-pressure ventilation, the FIRST action the rescuer should take is to: - ✔✔ensure proper tidal volume for visible chest rise When it is necessary to perform CPR while transporting a patient on a stretcher, the EMS provider should
- ✔✔move the stretcher slowly so that effective CPR can continue The ratio of compressions to ventilations for one-rescuever CPR on an adult without an advanced airway is: - ✔✔30 compression to 2 ventilations To perform external cardiac compressions on a 4-yr old child, you should use the - ✔✔heel of one hand When performing CPR on an infant, the MINIMUM rate of chest compressions is at least - ✔✔120 per min The preferred method of chest compressions on an infant by two healthcare providers is the - ✔✔two thumb, encircling hands technique When performing adult two-rescuever CPR, when should the rescuer palpate the carotid artery to check for the return of a spontaneous pulse? - ✔✔After 2 cycles of CPR When should ventilations be deliverd during 2 rescuer infant CPR with an advanced airway in place? - ✔✔Any time during the compressions cycle
The management of airway obstruction in the conscious infant includes: - ✔✔back blows & chest thrusts In caring for a non-breathing pt with a stoma or tacheotomy tube; the EMS provider must - ✔✔Ventilate through the neck opening Keeping the heel of the hand lightly in contact w/ the chest during the relaxation phase of chest compression is important b/c - ✔✔Correct hand position can be maintained Which of the following statements regarding nasopharyngeal airways is true - ✔✔NPA's should be coated w/ water-soluble lubricant prior to insertion The use of a NPA is NOT indicated for a patient who - ✔✔has cerebrospinal fluid leaking through the nose and/or ears You have inserted an OPA into the mouth of an unconscious vicitm who reacts by having a gag reflex. You should - ✔✔remove the airway When using a NRB w/ an oxygen reservoir- the EMS provider should adjust the liter flow to - ✔✔15 l/min IN mouth-to-mask ventilation, the stomach is likely ot be distended if too great a force is used to inflate the lungs. Lung ventilation may become more diffiuclt b/c stomach inflation - ✔✔pushes up on the diaphragm and increases the likelihood of vomiting The oyxge concentration delivered by a NRB w/ a flow rate of 12-15 l/min is approx. - ✔✔90% Bleeding due to laceration in the neck may threaten the patient's life because - ✔✔air may enter the blood vessel, making the patient prone to air embolism *Compressing a pressure point on an extremity will aid in controlling bleeding - ✔✔proximal to the point used
Appropriate care for a patient w/ suspected internal bleeding should include - ✔✔splinting all suspected fractures without delaying transport Which of the following groups of signs & symptoms indicates that a patient is in hypoperfusion (shock) - ✔✔rapid weak pulse, perspiration, pallor, shallow breathing A characteristics of arterial bleeding is that it - ✔✔flows from the wound in distinct spurts A localized soft tissue injury characterized by swelling & bruising is called a/an - ✔✔contusion Which of the following factors is common to all forms of hypoperfusion (shock)? - ✔✔Sympathetic nerve response What is the recommended procedure for the transportation of a severed limb to the hospital? - ✔✔WRAP the limb in sterile gauze wrap severed part in moistened sterile dressing SEAL severed part in a water-tight container PLACE CONTAINER ON ICE A closed bone or joint injury is BEST defined as an injury - ✔✔In which there is no break in the continuity of the skin Which of the following procedures should be used to splint a hand injury? - ✔✔Splint the lower arm with the hand in a position of function The correct term for an open wound that has jagged skin edges is - ✔✔Laceration When checking the lower extremities of a conscious patient for paralysis, the EMS provider should FIRST
- ✔✔feel for pedal pulses and crepitus
