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EMR Test #1 (Chapters 1-7) Practice Questions and Answers 202 5 Which of the following MOST accurately describes an emergency medical responder (EMR)? A. An individual who provides initial advanced life support B. An individual who responds to the scene in an ambulance C. The first medically trained person to arrive at the scene D. A fire fighter or police officer who assists the paramedics - ✔ C. The first medically trained person to arrive at the scene Fire fighters and law enforcement personnel are likely to be the first EMRs to arrive at a scene because: A. they are trained in all aspects of an emergency call. B. they are typically paid and are on call 24 hours a day. C. most communities do not have EMTs or paramedics. D. of their location or speed in responding to the call. - ✔ D. of their location or speed in responding to the call. A cardiac arrest patient's most crucial contact with the EMS system occurs when: A. trained EMRs arrive at the patient's side. B. medical control is made aware of the situation. C. paramedics arrive and administer advanced care. D. the receiving hospital is made aware of the situation. - ✔ A. trained EMRs arrive at the patient's side. When EMTs or paramedics arrive at the scene of an emergency, the EMR should: A. accompany the patient to the receiving medical facility. B. assume that his or her assistance will no longer be required. C. assist the EMTs in continuing the care that he or she initiated. D. obtain a signature from the EMT who is assuming patient care. - ✔ C. assist the EMTs in continuing the care that he or she initiated. Which of the following interventions would the EMR most likely perform at the scene of a cardiac arrest?
A. CPR and defibrillation B. Administration of certain medications C. Insertion of an endotracheal tube D. Initiation of an intravenous line - ✔ A. CPR and defibrillation Fire units are often a crucial part of the EMS system because they: A. always arrive at the scene before EMTs or paramedics. B. are better trained than EMTs to assist paramedics. C. provide specialized rescue such as patient extrication. D. provide protection and control of the scene. - ✔ C. provide specialized rescue such as patient extrication. Which of the following statements regarding transport of a patient to the hospital is correct? A. Patients may require immediate stabilization at the closest hospital and then transfer to another facility. B. Any sick or injured patient should be transported to the closest hospital, regardless of the patient's condition. C. EMRs are legally obligated to accompany the patient in the back of the ambulance to the hospital. D. In most states and EMS systems, EMRs are not authorized to assist the EMT in the back of the ambulance. - ✔ A. Patients may require immediate stabilization at the closest hospital and then transfer to another facility. A patient requires rapid transport to the hospital when: A. the patient's condition may deteriorate if he or she is not transported fairly quickly. B. EMS personnel are unable to give the patient adequate life-saving care in the field. C. traffic is extremely heavy and the patient's condition requires treatment by a physician. D. he or she requires care that can be provided only by a physician at the hospital. - ✔ B. EMS personnel are unable to give the patient adequate life-saving care in the field.
D. treat patients using limited equipment. - ✔ D. treat patients using limited equipment. Which of the following pieces of equipment should be included in the EMR's life support kit? A. Manual defibrillator B. Endotracheal tubes C. Mechanical suction device D. Mouth-to-mask ventilation device - ✔ D. Mouth-to-mask ventilation device Components of the quality improvement process, as identified by the Institute of Medicine, include all of the following, except: A. safety. B. timeliness. C. efficiency. D. teamwork. - ✔ D. teamwork. Which of the following statements regarding stress is correct? A. Past experiences may make it difficult to deal with stress. B. Mass-casualty incidents typically produce low stress levels. C. Most emergency calls produce only a minor level of stress. D. Very young patients tend to cause the least amount of stress. - ✔ A. Past experiences may make it difficult to deal with stress. Ways in which the EMR can prevent and reduce unnecessary stress include all of the following, except: A. frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind. B. being aware of the resources and services that are available. C. adjustments in lifestyle to include stress-reducing activities. D. learning to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress. - ✔ A. frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind. Which of the following would most likely produce the greatest amount of stress for the EMR?
A. Death B. Anger C. Exercise D. Depression - ✔ A. Death All of the following are part of the normal grieving process, except: A. violence B. anger C. depression D. acceptance - ✔ A. violence To see his grandson graduate from high school, a man with a terminal illness promises to keep all of his doctor's appointments and take all of his medications exactly as prescribed. This is an example of: A. bargaining B. acceptance C. denial D. anger - ✔ A. bargaining Which of the following statements regarding the acceptance stage of the grieving process is correct? A. The patient understands that the situation cannot be changed. B. The patient is satisfied with the situation during this phase. C. Acceptance is typically the first stage of the grieving process. D. It is often characterized by sadness, despair, and denial. - ✔ A. The patient understands that the situation cannot be changed. When you encounter a patient with a significant illness, it is important to remember that he or she: A. may be experiencing any stage of grief. B. is usually depressed and will not talk. C. ill always project anger toward you. D. has probably already accepted the situation. -
D. wash your hands thoroughly after each call. - ✔ A. follow standard precautions on all calls. Which of the following is not part of the standard precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? A. Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids. B. Wear a face shield if blood splatter is anticipated. C. Place needles directly in a puncture-proof container. D. Wash your hands immediately after patient contact. - ✔ A. Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids. In which of the following situations would the use of a gown or apron, face shield, and gloves clearly be indicated? A. Emergency childbirth B. Minor trauma C. Obtaining vital signs D. All emergency situations - ✔ A. Emergency childbirth You are the first responder to arrive at an emergency scene. What should you do first? A. Survey the scene for potential safety hazards. B. Access the patient and initiate the appropriate care. C. Wait in your vehicle until law enforcement arrives. D. Determine exactly how many patients are involved. - ✔ A. Survey the scene for potential safety hazards. In addition to ensuring your own safety, the most important guideline to follow when moving a patient is to: A. do no further harm to the patient. B. move the patient only when necessary. C. move the patient as little as possible. D. move the patient's body as a unit. - ✔ A. do no further harm to the patient. When moving a patient, who typically gives the command to begin the move?
A. The most senior responder at the scene B. The paramedic in charge of patient care C. The rescuer at the patient's head D. The strongest rescuer at the scene - ✔ C. The rescuer at the patient's head If you suspect that a patient has suffered a head or spine injury, you should: A. carefully move the patient in a sitting position to avoid further injury. B. allow the patient to move slowly as you stabilize his or her head. C. move the patient quickly so that his or her spine can be immobilized. D. keep the patient's head and spine immobilized to avoid movement - ✔ D. keep the patient's head and spine immobilized to avoid movement Regardless of the technique you use for moving patients, you should: A. lift and lower the patient by bending your legs. B. maintain a slight curvature of your back. C. lift and lower the patient by bending your back. D. keep your arms away from your body. - ✔ A. lift and lower the patient by bending your legs. You and your partner are the first to arrive at the scene of a man who fell approximately 20′ (6 m) from a second-story balcony. The patient is found lying on his side. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. A paramedic unit is approximately 5 minutes away. You should: A. keep the patient's head and neck stabilized, tell the patient not to move, and wait for the paramedic unit to arrive at the scene. B. carefully place the patient on his back and stabilize his head and neck until the paramedic unit arrives at the scene. C. apply a cervical collar and carefully secure the patient to a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device. D. carefully immobilize the patient to a long backboard and monitor his condition until the paramedic unit arrives. - ✔ A. keep the patient's head and neck stabilized, tell the patient not to move, and wait for the paramedic unit to arrive at the scene. The recovery position is used for patients who are:
An elderly woman must be moved from an unsafe environment quickly. The patient is unconscious and is wearing a thin nightgown. What is the most rapid and effective way for you and your partner to move her? A. Place a blanket or rug on the ground, roll her onto it, and quickly remove her from the unsafe environment. B. Grasp the patient by the collar of her nightgown and pull her in the direction of the long axis of her body. C. Quickly log roll her onto a backboard, secure her to the board with straps, and move her to safety. D. Place her in a chair and rapidly move her to a place of safety while protecting her head and neck. - ✔ A. Place a blanket or rug on the ground, roll her onto it, and quickly remove her from the unsafe environment. Basic patient movement techniques require slight modification when moving a patient from a wrecked vehicle because the patient: A. is not in a lying position. B. cannot be grasped under the arms. C. is often unconscious. D. is usually trapped in the wreckage. - ✔ A. is not in a lying position. A 60-year-old man is found sitting in his car alongside the road. There is no apparent damage to his vehicle. Your assessment reveals that the man is in cardiac arrest. You should: A. grasp the patient by his arms and rapidly drag him from the vehicle while protecting his head and neck as much as possible. B. recline the seat completely back, get inside the car, and begin CPR until additional help arrives at the scene. C. grasp the patient under his arms, cradle his head between your arms, and remove him from the vehicle. D. begin CPR while the patient is still in his car and remove him from the car when additional help arrives. - ✔ C. grasp the patient under his arms, cradle his head between your arms, and remove him from the vehicle.
The direct ground lift should not be performed if the patient: A. is unconscious and not breathing. B. has experienced a traumatic injury. C. weighs more than 175 pounds (79 kg). D. has a back injury and is able to walk. - ✔ B. has experienced a traumatic injury. Which of the following concepts is the first and most important when providing patient care? A. Render proper treatment B. Above all else, do no harm C. Provide your care in good faith D. Maintain your composure - ✔ B. Above all else, do no harm An EMR has a legal duty to act: A. if he or she encounters an emergency scene while not on duty. B. only if he or she is not paid by a fire department or rescue squad. C. while employed by an agency that designates you as an EMR. D. even when outside of his or her response jurisdiction. - ✔ C. while employed by an agency that designates you as an EMR. To comply with the standard of care, the EMR must: A. provide prompt and competent care that is consistent with what is deemed appropriate by the paramedic in charge and that is clearly defined in the EMS system protocols. B. treat the patient in a manner that is consistent with what is expected of the general public and that meets or exceeds the EMR's established scope of practice. C. provide the same prompt and competent care that an individual with a higher level of training would have provided under the same or similar circumstances. D. treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances. - ✔ D. treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances.
A. assumed B. informed C. expressed D. implied - ✔ C. expressed For a patient to be legally able to make a decision regarding his or her own health care, he or she must: A. accept EMS transport to an appropriate hospital. B. have a non-life-threatening injury or illness. C. have at least two witnesses present at the scene. D. be of legal age as defined by state law. - ✔ D. be of legal age as defined by state law. The principle of implied consent assumes that an unconscious patient: A. is at least 18 years of age. B. has a life-threatening condition. C. has a living will on file. D. would wish to receive treatment. - ✔ D. would wish to receive treatment. You arrive at the scene of an incident involving a motor vehicle and a pedestrian. Law enforcement officers are present, but the paramedic unit will not arrive for another 5 minutes. Your patient, who was struck by the vehicle, is a 16-year-old girl. She is unconscious and has severe bleeding from her head. You should: A. begin immediate treatment and ask a law enforcement officer to attempt to contact the child's parents. B. keep curious bystanders away from the patient until the paramedic unit arrives at the scene. C. contact the child's parents and obtain phone consent before rendering any emergency medical care. D. ask a law enforcement officer to sign a statement that you are providing care without parental consent. - ✔ A. begin immediate treatment and ask a law enforcement officer to attempt to contact the child's parents.
You are dispatched to an elementary school for a 7-year-old boy who sustained a minor injury while on the playground. The child is conscious, alert, and does not appear to have any life-threatening injuries. What should you do? A. Send the child to the nurse's office for minor treatment and then return your unit to service. B. Ask a teacher to contact the child's parents to obtain consent for you to begin treatment. C. Allow a teacher to sign a patient refusal form because the child does not require treatment. D. Begin treatment of the child and request an EMT unit to transport him to the hospital. - ✔ B. Ask a teacher to contact the child's parents to obtain consent for you to begin treatment. Which of the following statements regarding a patient's consent to treatment is correct? A. A patient must be transported if he or she consents to treatment. B. Patients may refuse treatment at any time, even if treatment has begun. C. Patients can give consent to treat only to an EMT or paramedic. D. Once a patient gives you consent, he or she cannot revoke it. - ✔ B. Patients may refuse treatment at any time, even if treatment has begun. Which of the following is not considered an advance directive? A. Durable power of attorney for health care B. EMS system protocols C. Do not resuscitate (DNR) order D. Living will - ✔ B. EMS system protocols A DNR order is a written request giving permission for medical personnel not to: A. begin resuscitation unless the patient is in shock. B. attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest. C. give oxygen to a patient with severe hypoxemia. D. render treatment to patients with a terminal illness. - ✔ B. attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest.
When transmitting information from the patient's side to the responding ambulance, the EMR would most likely use a: A. cellular telephone. B. base station. C. mobile radio. D. portable radio. - ✔ D. portable radio. A device that receives a weak radio signal, amplifies that signal, and then rebroadcasts it is called a(n): A. repeater B. antenna C. amplifier D. paging system - ✔ A. repeater When dispatched to an emergency call, you should: A. get in your response vehicle and proceed immediately. B. call the dispatcher by phone to confirm directions. C. send a "received call" message to the dispatcher via text. D. not respond until you are sure of the location. - ✔ D. not respond until you are sure of the location. Upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call, a visual survey will enable you to: A. identify the patients who are the most critically ill or injured. B. identify any type of hazardous materials that may be involved. C. determine the events that occurred shortly before the incident. D. determine the number of patients and estimate injury severity - ✔ D. determine the number of patients and estimate injury severity In which of the following phases of an EMS call is the EMR typically not involved? A. Transport to the hospital B. Updating responding EMS units C. Transferring patient care D. Response to the scene -
✔ A. Transport to the hospital Which of the following pieces of information is the least critical to relay to the responding EMS unit about your patient? A. Level of responsiveness D. Chief complaint C. Past medical history D. Status of the airway - ✔ C. Past medical history When EMTs or paramedics arrive at an emergency scene, the EMR should: A. disengage from patient care and give them room to work. B. apprise family members who may be present at the scene. C. notify the dispatcher of their arrival and then depart the scene. D. provide them with a hand-off report and assist as needed. - ✔ D. provide them with a hand-off report and assist as needed. The most important reason for notifying the dispatcher after you have turned over care of a patient to other EMS providers is: A. that the dispatcher is required to report any and all radio traffic to his or her supervisor. B. to let the dispatcher know how long it will take before you are available for another call. C. to enable the dispatcher to maintain an accurate time log for the incident. D. to inform the dispatcher of the care you provided before other EMS providers arrived. - ✔ B. to let the dispatcher know how long it will take before you are available for another call. Guidelines for effective radio communication include all of the following, except: A. reducing background noise as much as you possibly can. B. avoiding words that are difficult to hear, such as "yes" and "no." C. holding the microphone 2" to 3" from your mouth. D. pausing every 60 seconds and saying, "Do you copy?" - ✔ D. pausing every 60 seconds and saying, "Do you copy?" Effective communication means that:
C. top D. front - ✔ D. front Which of the following statements is correct? A. The thigh is proximal in relation to the patient's hips. B. The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body. A. The abdomen is on the posterior aspect of the body. D. An injured left foot is proximal to an injured left knee. - ✔ B. The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body. During your assessment of a 21-year-old man who fell from a roof, you note the presence of bruising on the medial aspect of the anterior trunk. What part of the body is this describing? A. Away from the midline on the front part of the torso B. Toward the midline on the front part of the torso C. Toward the midline on the back of the torso D. Away from the midline on the back of the torso - ✔ B. Toward the midline on the front part of the torso In relation to the nose, the eyes are: A. medial B. proximal C. distal D. lateral - ✔ D. lateral Which of the following statements is correct? A. The wrist is distal to the elbow. B. The knee is proximal to the thigh. C. The ears are medial to the eyes. D. The head is inferior to the neck. - ✔ A. The wrist is distal to the elbow. A fracture of a femur in a location farthest away from the hip is:
A. proximal B. medial C. superior D. distal - ✔ D. distal The location of a lateral body part is: A. away from the midline of the body. B. in the lower part of the body. C. at the highest point of the body. D. toward the center of the body. - ✔ A. away from the midline of the body. A 40-year-old woman has an injury to the midshaft humerus following a motor vehicle crash. What major joint is immediately distal to her injury? A. Xiphoid B. Wrist C. Shoulder D. Elbow - ✔ D. Elbow The respiratory system functions by: A. bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. B. transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body. C. ensuring that an adequate amount of oxygen reaches the body's cells. D. eliminating damaged blood cells from the body. - ✔ A. bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. The structure that prevents food or liquid from entering the larynx is called the: A. esophagus B. epiglottis C. oropharynx D. nasopharynx - ✔ B. epiglottis All of the following are upper airway structures, except the:
