Download EMT-B AAOS Final Test Exam With 100% Correct Answers You suspect that a 6-year-old girl h and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
EMT-B AAOS Final Test Exam With 100%
Correct Answers
You suspect that a 6-year-old girl has broken her leg after falling from a swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should: A. use your authority under the implied consent law. B. ask the mother to sign a refusal form and then leave. C. tell the mother that her refusal is a form of child abuse. D. try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -D. try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed. A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: A. place him in a position of comfort, deliver oxygen via nasal cannula, and closely monitor his breathing. B. force fluid from his alveoli by hyperventilating him with a bag-mask device at a rate of at least 20 breaths/min. C. place him in a supine position and assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device and high- flow oxygen.
D. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -D. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: A. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. B. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. C. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts. D. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should: A. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. B. position her supine and elevate her legs 12″. C. carefully place sterile gauze into her vagina. D. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:
deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should: A. straighten his arm and apply a board splint. B. perform a rapid secondary assessment. C. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe. D. place a pillow under his arm and apply a sling. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe. A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should: A. perform abdominal thrusts. B. give oxygen and transport at once. C. perform a blind finger sweep. D. visualize the child's airway. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. perform abdominal thrusts. A major benefit when using a multilumen airway device is that: A. maintenance of a mask-to-face seal is not required. B. the airway is better protected than with an ET tube. C. it can be used on patients of any age and size. D. it can be visualized as it enters the esophagus. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. it can be used on patients of any age and size. A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?
A. 5
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4 - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. 2 During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should: A. immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level. B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assist ventilations. C. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed. D. ask family members if the patient has a history of stroke. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed. A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? A. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations. B. Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-mask device to minimize hypoxia. C. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. D. Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - C. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:
subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: A. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away. B. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. D. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient? A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. B. Remain at the scene with the patient and request a paramedic ambulance. C. Quickly determine if there are any bystanders who may carry epinephrine. D. Ask the patient if he has any diphenhydramine (Benadryl) tablets that you can administer. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient? A. 100% supplemental oxygen B. treating her for possible shock C. gentle palpation of the pelvis
D. performing a full-body scan - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. gentle palpation of the pelvis An IO needle is inserted into the: A. distal femur. B. proximal fibula. C. proximal tibia. D. distal humerus. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. proximal tibia. You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should: A. apply a nonrebreathing mask. B. begin ventilatory assistance. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. attach the automated external defibrillator (AED) immediately. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. begin ventilatory assistance. The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called: A. convection. B. radiation. C. conduction. D. evaporation. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -D. evaporation.
D. perform a finger sweep of her mouth. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: A. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. B. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. C. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device. D. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe: A. the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack. B. a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate. C. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. D. the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by: A. widespread dilation of the systemic vasculature. B. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle. C. hypovolemia secondary to severe vomiting.
D. a profound increase in the patient's heart rate. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle. An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: A. result in airway swelling. B. result in a soft-tissue injury. C. cause the child to vomit. D. depress the gag reflex. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. cause the child to vomit. What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4- month-old infant? A. 100 B. 90 C. 110 D. 120 - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. 100 A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to: A. ask bystanders what happened. B. call for an ALS ambulance. C. follow standard precautions. D. form a general impression. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. follow standard precautions.
A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A. protect her airway from aspiration. B. keep her supine and elevate her legs. C. give her high-flow supplemental oxygen. D. rapidly transport her to the hospital. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. protect her airway from aspiration. A 19-year-old male complains of "not feeling right." His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads "error" after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: A. transport only with close, continuous monitoring en route. B. assist him with his insulin injection and reassess him. C. contact medical control and administer oral glucose. D. request a paramedic ambulance to administer IV glucose. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. contact medical control and administer oral glucose. A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is: A. 10. B. 12.
C. 13.
D. 14. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. 13. You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30′. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should: A. position him supine with his head elevated 30°, suction his mouth and nose, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, and contact medical control for further guidance. B. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility. C. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber. D. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility. The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: A. possible spinal injury. B. alcohol intoxication. C. cold water immersion. D. an air embolism. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. possible spinal injury.
You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight- fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should: A. remove her dentures at once and increase the rate and volume of your ventilations. B. leave her dentures in place, but carefully monitor her for an airway obstruction. C. remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise. D. attempt to replace her dentures so that they fit tightly and resume ventilations. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ - C. remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise. According to the JumpSTART triage system, infants or children not developed enough to walk or follow commands, including children with special needs: A. are initially triaged on the basis of whether or not they have distal pulses. B. are treated immediately in the primary triage area and then transported. C. should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage. D. are the first to be transported, regardless of the severity of their injuries. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage. An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when: A. the heart muscle progressively weakens and dysfunctions. B. myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen. C. the entire left ventricle is damaged and cannot pump blood.
D. coronary artery dilation decreases blood flow to the heart. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -B. myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen. Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. In addition to monitoring her ABCs, administering oxygen, and turning up the heat in the back of the ambulance, you should: A. place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling. B. apply the AED in case she develops cardiopulmonary arrest, cover her with layers of blankets, and transport carefully. C. cover her with warm blankets and let her move about on the stretcher in order to generate body heat and increase her temperature. D. sit her up and give her small sips of warm water to drink, place heat packs to her axillae and groin, and cover her with blankets. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling. Characteristics of a safe ambulance operator include: A. realizing that lights and siren will be effective traffic tools. B. an offensive attitude about driving during an emergency call. C. a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers. D. the ability to operate an ambulance at a high rate of speed. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers. You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious, has slow, shallow breathing, and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not
D. the pain in her abdomen is referred pain from an enlarged liver. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -A. her spleen is enlarged because of red blood cell engorgement. A tour bus has overturned, resulting in numerous patients. When you arrive, you are immediately assigned to assist in the triage process. Patient 1 is a middle-aged male with respiratory distress, chest pain, and a closed deformity to his right forearm. Patient 2 is a young female who is conscious and alert, but has bilateral femur fractures and numerous abrasions to her arms and face. Patient 3 is an older woman who complains of abdominal pain and has a history of cardiovascular disease. Patient 4 is unresponsive, is not breathing, has a weak carotid pulse, and has a grossly deformed skull. What triage categories should you assign to these patients? A. Patient 1, delayed (yellow); Patient 2, immediate (red); Patient 3, delayed (yellow); Patient 4, immediate (red) B. Patient 1, immediate (red); Patient 2, minimal (green); Patient 3, delayed (yellow); Patient 4, expectant (black) C. Patient 1, immediate (red); Patien - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. Patient 1, immediate (red); Patient 2, delayed (yellow); Patient 3, immediate (red); Patient 4, expectant (black) A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that: A. has separated from the placenta. B. is lacerated due to a traumatic delivery. C. has abnormally developed blood vessels. D. is wrapped around the baby's neck. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -D. is wrapped around the baby's neck. A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should:
A. transport immediately. B. treat her for hyperglycemia. C. administer oral glucose. D. provide ventilatory support. - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -D. provide ventilatory support. An 11 month old crying female has swallowed a piece of a hot dog. She is coughing and you can hear a high pitched sound coming from the throat. You should: a. administer back blows and chest thrusts b. provide high concentration of oxygen by blow by mask c. perform a blind finger sweep to attempt removal of the object d. provide ventilations by BVM and oxygen - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -b. provide high concentration of oxygen by blow by mask Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk? A. axillary B. cephalic C. saphenous D. subclavian - Answer ✔️ ✔️ -C. saphenous A microdrip administration set delivers 1 mL of fluid after every ______ drops. A. 80 B. 60 C. 40
