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You are ventilating a 19-year-old respiratory arrest patient with a bag-mask device. When squeezing the bag you are unable to obtain chest rise. This finding would most likely indicate: A a pneumothorax. B inadequate artificial ventilation. C adequate artificial ventilation. D a need for more rapid ventilations. - correct answers inadequate artificial ventilation. A 9-month-old patient is being ventilated for inadequate respirations. During transport you note that his heart rate drops from 160 to 90 beats per minute. This finding most likely indicates: A improved respiratory status. B inadequate artificial ventilations. C a need to hyperventilate the patient. D that positive pressure ventilation can be stopped. - correct answers inadequate artificial ventilations. An 11-month-old male was witnessed by his mother to stop breathing while eating grapes. He is conscious, but there is no apparent movement of air. You should first: A attempt a positive pressure ventilation.
B administer supplemental oxygen. C perform a finger sweep. D initiate back blows and chest thrusts - correct answers initiate back blows and chest thrusts A 70-year-old female presents with shortness of breath and chest pain. She notes that "it came on all of a sudden" and notes no dyspnea prior to the onset. Her lungs sounds present with rales (crackles), and her vital signs are P 120, R 30, BP 210/100. You should suspect: A acute pulmonary edema (CHF). B COPD. C pneumonia. D cystic fibrosis. - correct answers acute pulmonary edem A 14-year-old male complains of acute-onset shortness of breath. He is alert and oriented but is using accessory muscles to breathe. His parents note a history of asthma and state that he takes Advair and Ventolin, but no other medications. His vital signs are P 126, R 28, BP 99/60. After administering oxygen, you should next: A initiate positive pressure ventilations. B administer CPAP. C assist with a metered-dose inhaler. D insert a nasopharyngeal airway. - correct answers assist with a metered-dose inhaler.
Spacers allow administration of lower doses. - correct answers Spacers make exact timing less important. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of what? A. Invasive negative pressure ventilation B. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation C. Noninvasive negative pressure ventilation D. Invasive positive pressure ventilation - correct answers Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation A respiratory condition that was formerly prominent in children who presented with stridor and drooling but is now more often found in adults is: A. croup. B. asthma. C. epiglottitis. D.
chronic bronchitis. - correct answers epiglottitis Contraction of the diaphragm relates to: A. relaxation of the lungs. B. intake of breath. C. expiration of breath. D. aspiration of foreign materials. - correct answers intake of breath Which of the following medications is used in some fast-acting emergency inhalers? A. Pravachol B. Pentothal C. Ipratropium D. Metoprolol - correct answers Ipratropium
A 2 - year-old male is having severe respiratory distress caused by a partial obstruction of his upper airway by a foreign object. Which of the following sounds would most likely be associated with this condition? A. Wheezing B. Stridor C. Gurgling D. Crackles - correct answers stridor What is the BEST way to determine whether artificial ventilations are adequate? A. The patient's LOC will improve. B. The patient's SpO2 will increase. C. The patient's chest will rise and fall with each ventilation. D. The patient's color will improve. - correct answers The patient's chest will rise and fall with each ventilation.
At what rate per minute should you ventilate an infant? A. 20 B. 12 C. 16 D. 24 - correct answers 20 Which of the following would be a sign that a pediatric patient required immediate transport? A. Retracted muscles of breathing B. Flushed lips or mouth C. Decreased breathing effort D. Slowed breathing - correct answers Retracted muscles of breathing A 45 - year-old male has dyspnea associated with a suspected pulmonary embolism. Which of the following would be the MOST important treatment?
contact medical control for permission to administer nitroglycerin. B. begin artificial ventilations. C. provide supplemental oxygen D. verify breathing difficulty by using a pulse oximeter - correct answers provide supplemental oxygen Your 44 - year-old patient has a decreased level of consciousness, respiratory distress, and shallow breathing. You should immediately: A. ask the patient whether she has an inhaler. B. apply a nasal cannula. C. assist ventilations. D. apply a NRB mask. - correct answers assist ventilations. A 3 - year-old male complains of breathing difficulty. You assess stridor and excessive drooling. What would you expect the patient's breathing effort to be? A.
Irregular B. Labored C. Absent D. Adequate - correct answers labored A CPAP device that has no machine: A. uses only as much oxygen as a patient needs. B. administers oxygen slowly. C. requires a battery to operate. D. uses the Venturi principle. - correct answers uses the Venturi principle. Patients with COPD often get progressively worse and call an ambulance because of: A. recent upper respiratory infection. B.
Mediastinum C. Transverse line D. Diaphragm - correct answers diaphragm Which of the following BEST describes the process of expiration in normal breathing? A. Contraction of rib muscles B. Contraction of diaphragm C. Active D. Passive - correct answers passive A 71 - year-old female presents with respiratory distress. She has diminished lung sounds and slow, shallow respirations. You note that she is cyanotic and confused. The patient is presenting with: A. apnea. B. inadequate breathing.
C.
adequate breathing. D. tachypnea. - correct answers inadequate breathing Which of the following is TRUE about adult and pediatric patients? A. The adult trachea is more flexible. B. The child's tongue is proportionally smaller than that of the adult. C. Children depend more heavily on the diaphragm for respiration. D. The airway of the adult is more rigid and therefore more easily obstructed - correct answers Children depend more heavily on the diaphragm for respiration. An 89 - year-old male complains of an acute onset of shortness of breath. He notes it came on suddenly and awoke him from sleep. You note he is alert but has severe difficulty breathing, and you auscultate rales when listening to his lung sounds. His vital signs are P 128, R 44, BP 210/150. You should: A. await the arrival of ALS. B.
C.
CPAP may cause an increased risk of aspiration. D. CPAP may lead to a pneumothorax. - correct answers CPAP may cause an increased risk of aspiration. A 65 - year-old female complains of respiratory distress. You wish to obtain a "room air" pulse oximetry reading but realize the pulse oximeter is in the ambulance. You should: A. immediately move the patient to the ambulance. B. wait to administer oxygen until your partner can retrieve the oximeter. C. immediately administer supplemental oxygen. D. withhold oxygen as a pulse oximetry reading is necessary. - correct answers immediately administer supplemental oxygen. Which of the following statements about the differences between adults and children is TRUE? A. The trachea is smaller, softer, and more flexible in infants and children. B.
The diaphragm is more heavily used in the adult. C. The tongue of an adult is more apt to block the airway. D. All airway structures of the adult are more easily blocked. - correct answers The trachea is smaller, softer, and more flexible in infants and children. Following the administration of a bronchodilator, what would the EMT expect to hear during auscultation if the medication had its desired effect? A. Slight increase in heart tones B. Slight increase in tracheal sounds C. Diminishment in rales (crackles) D. Diminishment in wheezing - correct answers diminishment in wheezing You are reassessing a patient to whom you have administered oxygen and an MDI for respiratory distress. During your reassessment, you find that there is only slight expiratory wheezing, the pulse oximetry is 97%, the patient is speaking in full sentences, and the patient's color is good. Given these findings, which of the choices best characterizes the patient? A.
B.
dilate pulmonary blood vessels. C. constrict smooth muscle. D. dilate the airways. - correct answers dilate the airways A 4 - year-old patient presents with respiratory distress and just developed a significant drop in heart rate. You should first: A. check the patient's SpO2. B. apply a nonrebreather mask. C. look for the cause of the change in heart rate. D. assist ventilations with supplemental oxygen. - correct answers assist ventilations with supplemental oxygen. A 17 - year-old female complains of respiratory distress. When you listen to her chest you hear high pitched "squeaking" sounds in her lower airways. These sounds would best be described as: A.
wheezes. B. rhonchi. C. crackles. D. stridor. - correct answers wheezes At what rate per minute should you ventilate a child? A. 20 B. 16 C. 12 D. 24 - correct answers 20 Which of the following occurs during inhalation? A. The diaphragm lowers, and the ribs move upward and outward. B.
