Download EMT FISDAP Cardiology Exam: Questions and Exercises and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
EMT FISDAP Cardiology Exam
2024_
Cardiogenic shock is caused by:
Inadequate function of the heart muscle Which intervention or interventions would have the MOST positive impact on the cardiac arrest patient's outcome? Early CPR and defibrillation
The AED gives "no shock" message to a patient who is in cardiac arrest. You
should: Resume chest compressions What is the maximum amount of time that should be spent checking for spontaneous breathing in an unresponsive child? 10 seconds
When performing CPR on an adult, you should compress the chest to a depth of ___ at a rate of ___.
2.0-2.4 in, 100-150BPM What is the appropriate compression to ventilation ratio for adult two-rescuer CPR? 30:
When checking for a pulse in an infant, which artery should you palpate? Brachial When performing CPR on an adult or child, you should reassess the patient for return of respirations/circulation every ____ minutes. 2
What is the preferred method of removing a foreign body in an unresponsive child? Chest compressions
labored, with a RR of 28 breaths/min. Her SpO2 is 90%. Lung sounds show crackles in all fields, and BP is 92/60 mmHg. What is your differential diagnosis of the patient? Cardiogenic shock The heart is divided down the middle into left and right sides by the: Septum Which chamber of the heart receives incoming unoxygenated blood? Atrium Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood? Ventricles Normal electrical impulses begin in the: Sinoatrial (SA) node What characteristic allows a cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without an external stimulus? Automaticity
The sympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: -increasing HR and RR -constricting blood vessels in the muscles The parasympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: (directly opposes the sympathetic NS) -decreases HR and RR -constricts blood vessels in muscles Increased oxygen demand in a normal heart is supplied by ______ of the coronary arteries. Dilation The heart itself is supplied by blood through what vessels? Coronary vessels The iliac arteries descend into the: femoral arteries
Athersclerosis Occlusion: Complete blockage of an artery A blood clot that floats through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow to pass, causing it to stop and block blood flow is called: Thromboembolism If a blockage occurs in a coronary artery, the condition is known as: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Acute Coronary Syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by: MI ACS can be caused by:
- Angina pectoris
- Acute myocardial infarction
Angina is most often a symptom of: Athersclerotic coronary artery disease Angina occurs when: The heart's need for oxygen exceeds the supply Signs and symptoms of angina: -crushing, squeezing, "like somebody standing on their chest" -Usually felt in midportion of chest under sternum, can radiate to jaw, back, or epigastrum -Pain goes away after 3-8 min -Associated with SOB, nausea, vomiting Stable angina can be relieved with: rest, NTG, supplemental oxygen Unstable angina is characterized by: pain in the chest of coronary origin that stays regardless of rest/NTG/O
Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles. Ventricular defibrillation If a defibrillator is not immediately available for a patient in ventricular fibrillation, you should: Initiate CPR until an AED arrives If uncorrected, unstable VT or VF will lead to: Asystole A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid in the lungs/body. Congestive heart failure Signs and symptoms of CHF: -JVD (right side) -Dependent edema (right side) -Use of accessory muscles (left side)
High BP, rapid HR, rapid RR -Fluid in the lungs (crackles) (left side) One of the most common signs of a hypertensive emergency: Sudden, severe headache Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency: -strong, bounding pulse -ringing in the ears -nausea/vomiting -dizziness Untreated hypertensive emergencies can lead to: stroke or dissecting aortic aneurysm A weakness in the wall of the aorta: Aortic aneurysm
Asystole, pulseless electrical activity Only apply the AED to: Pulseless, unresponsive patients After the shock is delivered to a cardiac arrest patient, you should: Continue CPR for 5 cycles (2 minutes) and analyze rhythm again. If ALS is not responding to the scene and your local protocols agree, you should begin transport when:
- The patient regains a pulse
- 6-9 shocks have been delivered
- the machine gives 3 separate messages that no shock is advised If you are traveling to the hospital and a pulse is not present:
- Stop the vehicle
- If the AED is not available, perform CPR
- Call ALS
- Analyze rhythm
- Deliver one shock (if indicated) and resume CPR
- Continue resuscitation according to protocol. If you are en route with a conscious adult patient who is having chest pain and becomes unconscious:
- Check for a pulse
- Stop the vehicle
- Perform CPR until the AED is ready
- Analyze the rhythm
- Deliver one shock (if indicated) and resume CPR
- Begin compressions and continue resuscitation according to protocol You are dispatched to a 60YOM with chest pain and SOB. The patient has angina and is taking NTG, furosemide, and atorvastatin. You hear crackles when listening to his breath sounds. The patient's difficulty breathing and crackles are due to blood backing up in which part of the body? The lungs What is the most effective way to assist a person with CHF to breathe effectively and avoid the use of an invasive airway management technique? CPAP
Most patients are instructed to take up to ____ doses of NTG before calling EMS. Three A 60YOM is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: Begin CPR until an AED is available Why would an EMT give aspirin to a patient? Aspirin reduces the blood's ability to clot and works to prevent further clot formation in patients with chest pain What is the first medication that should be administered to a patient who's experiencing chest pain with difficulty breathing? Oxygen You are on the scene with a 60YOM who calls 911 for chest pains. He states he was about to go to bed when his chest pains wouldn't go away. He rates his pain as a 7/10 and is diaphoretic, but otherwise stable. He takes medications for hypertension, high cholesterol, and erectile dysfunction. After placing the patient on oxygen, you should call medical control and request: To administer aspirin to the patient
A 76YOF complains of SOB and lower leg swelling. You see that she has JVD and crackles in her lungs. Her SpO2 is 90%. What is the cause of her heart failure? Poor ejection of blood from the heart
