endocrine system internal chemical regulation body's communication system hormones functio | Exams Nursing

BIO 189A Final Exam

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1. In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe?: Mixing a HEAT-

KILLED pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living NONPATHOGENIC strain can convert

some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.

2. It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the

DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the

following?: sequence of bases

-there are three models:

1) Semiconservative (CORRECT)

2) Dispersive (mixture)

3) Conservative (3 old, 1 new)

3. Once the pattern found after one round of replication was observed, Mesel- son and Stahl

could be confident of which of the following conclusions?: - Replication is not conservative.

4. What is the function of topoisomerase?: relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the

replication fork

5. The leading and the lagging strands differ in that: The leading and the lagging strands differ

in that

6. In nucleotide excision repair, damaged DNA is excised by what enzyme(s)?-

: Nucleases-enzymes that cut DNA.

7. Which of the following represents the order of increasingly higher levels of organization of

chromatin?: nucleosome, 30-nm chromatin fiber, looped domain

8. Which of the following modifications is least likely to alter the rate at which a DNA

fragment moves through a gel during electrophoresis (DNA fingerprinting)?: altering the

nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment without adding or removing nucleotides

9. Which of the following statements accurately describes why Taq poly- merase is used in

PCR?: It is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR.

10. Examine the simple metabolic pathway in the figure. A mutation results in a defective

enzyme 1. Which of the following results would be a consequence of that mutation?: an

accumulation of A and no production of B and C

11. A peptide has the sequence NH2-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH. Which of the

following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?: 5' TTT-

CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC

12. A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The

corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is: 3' UCA 5'.

13. Where does RNA polymerase begin transcribing a gene into mRNA?: In both

eukaryotes and prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds to the gene's PROMOTER and begins

transcription at a nucleotide known as the start point, although in

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In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe?: Mixing a HEAT- KILLED pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living NONPATHOGENIC strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following?: sequence of bases

there are three models:

Semiconservative (CORRECT)
Dispersive (mixture)
Conservative (3 old, 1 new)

Once the pattern found after one round of replication was observed, Mesel- son and Stahl could be confident of which of the following conclusions?: - Replication is not conservative.
What is the function of topoisomerase?: relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork
The leading and the lagging strands differ in that: The leading and the lagging strands differ in that
In nucleotide excision repair, damaged DNA is excised by what enzyme(s)?- : Nucleases-enzymes that cut DNA.
Which of the following represents the order of increasingly higher levels of organization of chromatin?: nucleosome, 30-nm chromatin fiber, looped domain
Which of the following modifications is least likely to alter the rate at which a DNA fragment moves through a gel during electrophoresis (DNA fingerprinting)?: altering the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment without adding or removing nucleotides
Which of the following statements accurately describes why Taq poly- merase is used in PCR?: It is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR.
Examine the simple metabolic pathway in the figure. A mutation results in a defective enzyme 1. Which of the following results would be a consequence of that mutation?: an accumulation of A and no production of B and C
A peptide has the sequence NH2-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH. Which of the following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?: 5' TTT- CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is: 3' UCA 5'.
Where does RNA polymerase begin transcribing a gene into mRNA?: In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds to the gene's PROMOTER and begins transcription at a nucleotide known as the start point, although in

eukaryotes the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter requires transcription factors.

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?: 3' to 5' along the template strand
Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression?: A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.
Alternative RNA splicing: can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
Which one of the following is true of tRNAs?: Each tRNA binds a particular amino acid- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins a specific amino acid to a tRNA, a single strand of RNA about 80 nucleotides long.
Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of a protein's activity?: It might substitute a different amino acid in the active site.
What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene?: It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
The fact that plants can be cloned from somatic cells demonstrates that: - differentiated cells retain all the genes of the zygote.
In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?: fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate
The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why?: X inactivation in the embryo is random and produces different patterns in each individual.
Which of the following statements is a likely explanation for why therapeu- tic cloning is considered acceptable by many?: Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells may lead to treatments for a large number of diseases.
Recent research has shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS). In order to make this conversion, what is done to the adult cells?: A retrovirus is used to introduce four master regulatory genes.
All your cells contain proto-oncogenes, which can change into can- cer-causing genes. Why do cells possess such potential time bombs?: Pro- to-oncogenes are necessary for the normal control of cell growth and division. Proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes when a mutation or other genetic change increases the activity of the encoded protein.
Tumor-suppressor genes: can encode proteins that promote DNA repair or cell-cell adhesion.

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